论专业气象服务可持续发展若干问题

论述影响专业气象服务可持续发展的８个问题,并具体分析每个问题的特点,指出解决问题的思路。     

女山幔源包体及其寄主岩中微量元素和过渡金属元素的研究

对女山碧玄岩、超镁铁岩包体和高压巨晶中微量元素及过渡金属元素进行探讨。研究表明,碧玄岩中ＬＲＥＥ较之ＨＲＥＥ更为富集,其分配型式属ＬＲＥＥ富集型;包体中ＬＲＥＥ较ＨＲＥＥ略显富集之势,分配型式属平坦型,这与地幔具有平缓的ＲＥＥ模式相符,其中略富ＬＲＥＥ与碧玄岩对应。碧玄岩、包体和高压巨晶中过渡金属元素具有不同的分配型式。但是不管在碧玄岩与包体之间,还是在巨晶与碧玄岩之间,某些过渡金属元素的含量都具有相关关系。可见,碧玄岩与包体具有成因联系,巨晶与碧玄岩也具有成因联系。     

Indigenous knowledge of landscape–ecological zones among traditional herbalists: a case study in Keiyo District, Kenya

Object of study is the insight of traditional herbalists in the landscape-ecological factors wich control the growth of the plants they use for healing their patients. The extent of this insight determines their capacity to adapt to environmental changes such as deforestation and soil degradation. This paper deals with the landscape-ecological perception of herbalists who live in an area with sharp landscape contrasts and drastic changes in landuse: the Keiyo Escarpment in the Rift which links the cool and humid Uasin Gishu Plateau at a level of more than 2600 m above sea level, with the warm and semi-arid Kerio Valley at 1250 m. The landuse changes of the last 50 years are caused by growing population density, loss of traditional attitudes towards the value of the land, and changes in forest cover. Data on local knowledge are acquired through interviews and field visits. The corresponding western knowledge is derived from aerial photographs and existing reports and maps. Six landscape-ecological zones are recognized. They are named after topography (wareng, mosop, soin), vegetation (teguming, korget) or landuse (tumdo). These zones coincide with the units of the agro-climatic map of Kenya. Apart from geology, all the factors of the hierarchical model used in western-based landscape ecology (climate, geology, relief, water, soil, vegetation and fauna) are included in the indigenous perception of the landscape, but the hierarchical order is not necessarily the same: e.g. the herbalists assume that rock grows in the soil instead of the other way around, and that forests attract rain. From the herbalists' point of view, deforestation and the establishment of small-holder agriculture is less serious for their trade than the replacement of indigenous trees by plantations with exotic species. They adapt to the loss of the forest by travelling to areas with comparable landscape-ecological conditions or, especially in the case of women and older male herbalists, by planting the required species in the garden. According to the herbalists, good climate and fertile soil stimulate species diversity, but best medicinal performance give plants on soils which are periodically dry.     

INVESTIGATION OF STATUS AND DEMAND ON PUBLIC SERVICE OF EARTHQUAKE DISASTER MITIGATION IN CHINA

In order to make a comprehensive and systematic evaluation of the status and demands of public service of earthquake disaster mitigation, we launched an investigation with Social Opinion Polling Center of National Bureau of Statistics on the current situation of public service of earthquake disaster mitigation and the demands for it in 2018. The investigation was conducted for 18~75-year-old residents for both urban and rural areas in 31 provinces of China mainland using the Computer Assisted Telephone Interview(CATI)method and 20 078 valid samples were received in total. The questionnaire mainly includes two parts: the current situation assessment and the demand survey. The assessment of public service status consists of five indicators: earthquake emergency drill, knowledge publicity of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction, acquisition of earthquake information, reliability of information released by earthquake agencies, and overall satisfaction. The results indicate that only 27.4% of public have participated the earthquake emergency drill, and 73.5% of public have learned some knowledge about earthquake prevention and disaster reduction in different level. It shows that rural residents have a lower level of scientific knowledge of earthquake disaster mitigation although the rural residents have a higher level of satisfaction. Meanwhile, 82.9% of the public are very concerned about earthquake-related information, and the earthquake information acquisition convenience score is 81.51 points(the full score is 100 points). At present, TV is still the most popular way to obtain the earthquake-related information, besides that, network and the new media app such as Wechat and Weibo play a more and more important role. In terms of the reliability of official information published by the earthquake administration, the score is 83.69 points which indicates that the public tend to believe in official departments. Furthermore, the degree of satisfaction evaluation of public service of earthquake disaster mitigation is marked 76.44 points which shows that there is still much room for improvement. The more educated the public, the less satisfied they are with the public service of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction. The results also show that 51.81% of the public are willing to obtain earthquake warning information at their own expense. As for the demand, the most expectative services for the public are post-earthquake rescue and reconstruction, earthquake warning, and house earthquake resilience test. The results of the investigation may provide some reference for the government to provide better services of earthquake disaster mitigation and to make scientific knowledge popularization in a more scientific way.     

网络农业气象情报服务系统

以大量详实的农业气象历史资料为基础,结合实时情报分析结果,在Ｗｉｎｄｏｗｓ ＮＴＳｅｒｖｅｒ网络环境下,通过ＣＧＬ技术,研制出具有网络功能的农业气象情报服务系统。系统在最具权威性网络平台Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ的Ｎｅｔｓｃａｐｅ Ｎａｖｉｇａｔｏｒ或Ｅｘｐｌｏｒｅｒ浏览器下以ＨＴＴＰ超文本传输协议运行,具有广阔的发展前景。     

First international payment for marine ecosystem services: The case of the Banc d’Arguin National Park,Mauritania

This article investigates whether the European Union-Mauritania fisheries agreement, which allocates part of the Europe's financial contribution to the conservation of marine ecosystems located within the Banc d’Arguin National Park, can be regarded as a payment for ecosystem service. A framework for qualification as such payment scheme was established based on an extensive literature review. The criteria identified for the qualification as a payment to ecosystem service pertain to: (1) the definition of the ecosystem service(s) involved; (2) the mechanism involved by the payment; and (3) the nature of the transaction. Interviews with local beneficiaries and subsequent data analysis led to the conclusion that this mechanism could be regarded as a payment to ecosystem service and so, through the European Union-Mauritania Fisheries agreement, the European Union were investing to protect local fish resources that could be exploited by its fishing fleet. This agreement, involving the first International Payment to Ecosystem Service of this kind, marks an important step towards better consideration of marine conservation in international public policy and foreign fishing policy in particular. However, this payment is small when compared to revenues generated through the exploitation of developing countries’ fishing grounds by fishing countries. Nevertheless it opens the door for more detailed applications of payment to ecosystem service schemes to other ecosystems contexts, and can provide a useful alternative source of financing of marine biodiversity conservation.     

基于Windows 2003远程终端服务的气象信息共享平台的开发和应用

Windows 2003 Server提供的远程终端服务功能实现了多用户同时操作,远程终端多用户通过远程终端功能可以同时在远程终端服务上运行程序、保存文件和使用网络资源等,为业务应用提供了便捷.介绍利用Windows Server 2003远程终端(包括远程桌面和终端服务),开发了气象业务中多用户共享MICAPS20、雷达PUP产品及其它气象应用系统的信息服务平台,在实际应用中发挥了很好的应用效果.     

Nature and role of CO2 in some hot and cold HCO3/Na/CO2-rich Portuguese mineral waters: a review and reinterpretation

 At the northern part of the Portuguese mainland, the upflow zone of several hot and cold HCO₃/Na/CO₂-rich mineral waters is mainly associated with important NNE–SSW faults. Several geochemical studies have been carried out on thermal and non-thermal hydromineral manifestations that occur along or near these long tectonic alignments. The slight chemical differences that exist between these meteoric hot and cold HCO₃/Na/CO₂-rich mineral waters seem to be mainly caused by CO₂. δ¹³C_(TIDC) values observed in these groundwaters range between –6.00 and –1.00‰ versus V-PDB (V denotes Vienna, the site of the International Atomic Energy Agency; PDB originates from the CaCO₃ of the rostrum of a Cretaceous belemnite, Belemnitella americana, collected in the Peedee formation of South Carolina, USA) indicating a deep-seated (mantle) origin for most of the CO₂. Nevertheless, in the case of the heavier δ¹³C_(TIDC) values, the contribution of metamorphic CO₂ or the dissolution of carbonate rock levels at depth cannot be excluded. Concerning the hot waters, the lack of a positive ¹⁸O-shift should be attributed to water-rock interaction in a low temperature environment, rather than to the isotopic influence of CO₂ on the δ¹⁸O-value of the waters. Received: 9 August 1999 · Accepted: 8 March 2000     

分布式社区口腔医疗信息管理系统设计

利用SQL Server和VB设计分布式社区口腔医疗信息管理系统,建立牙科电子病历,实现远程医疗信息共享和IC卡一卡通服务,改善口腔医疗服务水平.     

时空过程网络可视化模拟与分析服务——以溃坝洪水为例

洪水溃坝等复杂灾害现象的时空过程模拟分析,是当前国际地理信息科学热点研究方向之一。随着网络的普及化,公众对GIS时空分析模型的网络实时集成和可视化分析提出了迫切的需求。本文以溃坝洪水为例开展了时空过程网络可视化模拟与分析服务研究,利用Web GL、HTML5、Ajax、Web Service、GPU并行计算等技术手段,通过探讨溃坝洪水时空模型计算优化、网络三维可视化模拟与动态交互分析等关键技术,研发了原型系统并进行应用实验。实验结果表明,本文研究成果有助于实现时空过程信息的网络发布,在线影响分析及动态可视化服务,可为分布式网络环境下溃坝洪水等时空过程信息管理和应急决策提供科学依据和技术支持。