胶州湾北部水层生态动力学模型与模拟 Ⅰ.胶州湾北部水层生态动力学模型

建立了一个包括浮游植物、浮游动物、无机氮和磷、溶解态与悬浮有机物及溶解氧七状态变量的浅海水体生态动力学箱式模型,并且考虑了海面太阳辐照度变化、海水与底泥温度变化以及营养盐海底溶出和陆源流入的影响。初步分析了在胶州湾北部浮游生态系统演变的几个特征时期动力学方程中的物流动态特征。结果是比较合理的。     

Qualitative Health Research: Negotiating Life with HIV/AIDS

In this paper, I look at the use of qualitative methods in health geography. I focus on two projects using in-depth interviews with people with HIV/AIDS. Drawing from feminist work on qualitative methodologies and the production of knowledge, two questions are posed. First, what insights do interviews offer about people's daily experiences with HIV/AIDS? Second, given that interviews involve direct contact between interviewer and respondent, what are the implications of using this methodology? Projects reveal that living with HIV/AIDS involves a complex series of negotiations. These include negotiating one's own identity within medical discourse, dealing with health care professionals, and choosing how to use medication. The projects also indicate that qualitative research itself involves a process of negotiation. Researchers' preconceptions, interview settings and formats, and relationships established during research can effect research outcomes andresearch participants. I argue that a willingness to reflect critically on the use of qualitative methods is needed to safeguard against these unintended consequences.     

The Use of Storytelling for Understanding Women's Desires to Tan: Lessons from the Field

This paper presents reflections on a research project in women's health, providing both substantive findings surrounding tanning and social status and methodological recommendations for future research. The project under review utilized a picture-elicited storytelling method to: a) understand how women link tanned, bronzed skin to health, status, and attractiveness; and b) test the effectiveness of picture-elicited storytelling as a research method. The project found that, when tanning, women use their bodies to inscribe the social norm of the bronzed aesthetic. While women indicate considerable knowledge of the health dangers of tanning, they continue to link tanned skin to beauty, status, and attractiveness. Further, the research project found that the use of picture-elicited storytelling as a method is potentially powerful but requires considerable attention to concerns of power and representation on the part of the research team.     

夜光藻赤潮发生视角下平潭岛近岸海域生态安全与旅游经济协同发展评价研究

根据近十年平潭海域生态环境调查资料与旅游经济产业发展数据,结合夜光藻赤潮观测资料,通过构建海洋生态-旅游经济复合系统协同发展评价体系,运用耦合、协同、脱钩评价方法对平潭海洋生态-旅游经济复合系统协同发展水平进行测度评价,从时间层面上分析海洋生态环境安全与旅游经济发展的协同强度和发展态势。研究结果表明：（1） 2009-2019年,平潭旅游经济呈线性上升趋势,而海洋生态系统演化呈较为平缓的波动上升趋势,海洋生态-旅游经济复合系统逐渐向高水平耦合阶段演化;（2）平潭海洋生态-旅游经济复合系统发展在研究期间处于非协同或低协同状态,但发展态势和协同程度有所上升;（3）废水排放入海量、废水中COD排放量、废水中氨氮排放量与平潭旅游经济发展呈较为理想的脱钩状态,废水中的有机污染物排放浓度逐年降低;（4）夜光藻赤潮持续天数与平潭旅游经济增长的脱钩指数波动较大,营养盐水平与夜光藻赤潮发生频次的相关性并不明显。基于以上研究结果,本文提出引入具有协同效应的巨涨落机制等对策建议,以期实现平潭海洋生态-旅游经济复合系统的提质升级。     

湖泊生态修复基准环境的制定:古生态学面临的机遇

全球范围内的湖泊生态环境均出现了不同程度的退化,对其进行生态修复的最终目的,就是要将受损的生态系统尽量恢复到人类干扰前或接近人类干扰前的生态状况,即基准环境.湖泊生态系统是长期演化的产物,其形成及演化机制必须从历史的视角加以考察,因此基于湖泊沉积物的古生态学技术在制定基准环境方面有着独特的优势.本文从基准环境的定义、建立的常用方法、基本特征和典型应用几个方面介绍了古生态学手段在湖泊生态修复中的应用,提出中国今后利用古生态学手段在水环境治理工作的应用前景.     

三江平原沼泽地主养鲤鱼塘能量转换效率研究

对1988～1992年三江平原沼泽地泥炭池主养鲤鱼生态系统的能量转换效率进行了研究分析。结果表明,一个生长期浮游植物毛初级生产力对太阳辐射能的转换效率为0.204～0.308％;鲢鳙净产量对浮游植物净产量的转换效率为1.195～4.815％;太阳能转换为鱼类总净产量的生态学效率为0.067～0.123％。总辅助能、总生物能和饲料辅助能转换为鱼类总净产量的效率分别为8.91～14.05％、10.96～17.20％和11.06～17.57％.在2500kg/hm~2、3500kg/hm~2及5000kg/hm~2三个净产量级型池塘中,以5000kg/hm~2产量级的能量转换效率为最佳型。     

酸雨对水生态系统中一些生物的影响

本文综述酸雨对水生态系统中各营养级生物的影响。介绍酸雨引起水体酸化和水体的缓冲能力,阐述不同营养级水生生物和所处不同发育阶段对低pH的敏感性差异。还讨论了由于遗传和适应引起生物对低pH的耐受性差异。酸化水体生物群落的重要特征是,生物种类数减少,多样性降低,生物量减少和食物链遭破坏。酸性pH对水生生物的毒作用方式包括气体交换受阻、体盐调节紊乱、酸碱平衡失调,以及与金属的联合作用等.最后还对若干问题作了扼要讨论,并提出建议。     

深海化能极端环境中劳盆拟刺铠虾(Munidopsis lauensis)的全长转录组测序分析

劳盆拟刺铠虾(Munidopsis lauensis)是一种十足目铠甲虾, 能够适应深海化能合成生态系统的极端环境, 但是其已知基因序列信息却很少。为此, 采用PacBio平台的SMRT测序技术对来自南海台西南冷泉劳盆拟刺铠虾的肝胰腺、鳃、肌肉和肠混合组织进行了三代全长转录组测序。通过聚类、校正、去冗余之后共获得28 811条高质量isoform, 平均长度为2 086 bp, N50长度为2 275 bp。使用Nr、SwissPort、KEGG、KOG数据库对转录本序列进行功能注释, 共有20 616 (71.56%)条isoform得到注释。进一步高级注释共获得21 848个蛋白编码序列, 共预测到537个转录因子、6 430个长链非编码RNA和10 060个SSRs位点。KEGG通路分析发现两条可能与劳盆拟刺铠虾适应深海化能极端生境相关的通路, 分别为过氧化物酶体通路和谷胱甘肽代谢通路。其中, 共有180条isoform被发现参与编码过氧化物酶体通路中的31个关键酶, 213条isoform参与谷胱甘肽代谢通路中19个关键酶的编码。基于全长转录组数据, 利用同源比对、功能结构域预测及系统发育树构建等方法对劳盆拟刺铠虾谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST)基因家族进行挖掘与鉴定, 共发现属于theta、delta、mu、kappa四种亚家族的20条GST候选序列。通过对劳盆拟刺铠虾全长转录组测序、功能注释和环境适应相关的重要基因及通路的分析, 不仅丰富了深海组学数据资源, 也为进一步揭示甲壳动物适应深海化能极端环境的分子机制奠定了基础。     

Intertidal spring dynamics and coastal nutrient loading revealed through geophysics,drone surveys,and in-situ monitoring

Coastal eutrophication poses an increasing risk to ecosystem health due to enhanced nutrient loading to the global coastline. Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) represents a significant pathway for nitrate-nitrogen (NO₃-N) transport to the coast, but diffusive SGD transport is difficult to monitor directly, given the low flux rates and expansive discharge areas. In contrast, focused SGD from intertidal springs can potentially be sampled and directly gauged, providing unique insight into SGD and associated contaminant transport. Basin Head is a coastal lagoon in Prince Edward Island, Canada that is a federally protected ecosystem. Nitrate-nitrogen is conveyed from agricultural fields in the contributing watershed to the eutrophic lagoon via intertidal groundwater springs and groundwater-dominated tributaries. We used several field methods to characterize groundwater discharge, nutrient loading, and in-channel mixing associated with intertidal springs. The tributaries and intertidal springs were gauged and sampled to estimate a representative summer nitrate load to the lagoon. Our analysis revealed that NO₃-N export to the lagoon through tributaries and springs throughout summer 2023 was on average 401 kg N/month, with the combined spring loading comparable in magnitude to the combined tributary loading. We collected thermal infrared and visual imagery using drone surveys and found spatial overlap between cold-water plumes from the spring discharge and macroalgae blooms, indicating the local thermal and ecosystem impacts of the focused SGD. We also mapped the electrical resistivity (salinity) distribution in the water column around one large spring with electromagnetic geophysics at different tidal stages to reveal the three-dimensional spring plume dynamics. Results showed that the fresher spring water floated above the saline lagoon water with the brackish plume oriented in the direction of the tidal current. Collectively, our multi-pronged field investigations help elucidate the hydrologic, thermal, and nutrient dynamics of intertidal springs and the cascading ecosystem impacts.