Rethinking small-scale fisheries compliance

Fisheries compliance has been identified as key to sustainable fisheries management. However, it has been widely acknowledged that the approach by many governments worldwide to achieve compliance is largely through law enforcement efforts. Although theories of normative action have expanded compliance thinking from that of rationalist approaches, this paper takes the argument further. By drawing on criminology and security discourse, and on empirical research on small-scale fisheries in South Africa, this paper argues for a new approach to our understanding of compliance. Furthermore, it argues that rather than taking law as given, the formation of law and the power dynamics influencing such processes are critical aspects that need to be acknowledged and understood in fisheries compliance theory.     

Method for evaluating the degrees of land use sustainability of mountainous county and its application in Yunnan Province,China

The evaluation of sustainable land use is the key issue in the field of studying the sustainable land utilization. In general analysis, the sustainable land use is evaluated respectively from its ecological sustainability, economic sustainability and social sustainability in China and other countries in recent years. Although this evaluation is an important work, it seems insufficient and hard to comprehensively reflect the whole degree of land use sustainability. Thus, to make up this deficiency, this paper brings forward the evaluation indexes, which make it possible to quantitatively reflect the whole degree of land use sustainability, namely, the concept of ＂degrees of overall land use sustainability＂ （Dos）, and research and measurement development of the method of and calculation in Dos. Taking the evaluation of the degree of land use sustainability in county regions of Yunnan Province as the actual example for analysis, results are basically as follows：
1） The degree of land use sustainability （Dos） is the ration index to organically and systematically integrate the degree of ecological friendliness （DeF）, the degree of economic viability （Dev） and the degree of social acceptability （Dsa）, able to comprehensively reflect the whole sustainability degree of regional land use
2） Based on the value of Dos, the grading system and standard for the sustainability of land use may be established and totally divided into five grades, namely, the high-degree sustainability, middle-degree sustainability, low-degree sustainability, conditional sustainability and non-sustainability. Meanwhile, the standard for distinguishing sustainability grades has also been confirmed so as to determine the nature of sustainability degrees in different grades. This makes the possibility for the combination of nature determination with ration in research result and provides with the scientific guideline and decision-making gist for better implementation of sustainable land use strategy.
3） The pract     

海水冷冻预淡化系统的试验研究

本文提出了一种基于冷冻脱盐的海水双级冷冻预淡化系统。该系统利用蒸发结晶器对海水进行冷冻,并通过振动分离与洗涤实现冰晶与卤水的分离,以此实现海水的初步脱盐,可作为反渗透淡化的预处理系统。同时,海水冷冻淡化过程中消耗的冷量可重新回收用于空调制冷,淡化成本得以有效降低。本文建立了海水双级冷冻预淡化系统的数学模型,获得了试验系统的关键设计参数,以此搭建了试验平台并完成了试验测试,并对海水双级冷冻预淡化系统进行了经济性分析。试验结果表明:经过海水冷冻预淡化系统,预淡化海水产量可维持在21~27 L/h之间;预淡化海水盐度可从35降低到约11;预淡化过程可回收总冷量7.91 kW;反渗透淡化总成本可降低约33%。     

两个龙须菜新品系经济性状及琼胶特性的初步研究

2008年2～5月在广东省南澳县深澳海区对选育的龙须菜新品系07-1,07-2和对照组福建宁德栽培的981品系进行海上栽培比较试验,测定了3个品系的藻体日平均生长速率,试验了敌害生物(藻钩虾和团水虱)对3个品系的影响,比较了琼胶特性.结果显示,在水温11～20 ℃,盐度32.4～32.8的条件下,品系07-1,07-2的藻体日平均生长速率分别为3.8%/d和4.1%/d,宁德栽培品系的藻体日平均生长速率为3.2%/d.品系07-1,07-2的生长适应水温下限为16 ℃,比宁德栽培品系降低了2 ℃.与宁德栽培的981品系相比较,选育的龙须菜品系07-1,07-2对藻钩虾和团水虱有较强的耐受能力.品系07-1,07-2的琼胶含量比福建宁德栽培的981品系分别提高10.0%和14.4%,凝胶强度也分别提高了5.46%和14.5%,表明2个新品系具有潜在的推广应用价值.     

新时代厦门海洋经济发展地方立法初探

进入新时代以来,海洋经济已成为国民经济的重要增长极。厦门市作为首批海洋经济创新发展示范区,可以利用地方立法权进行体制创新,以法律手段解决海洋产业发展中的问题。文章基于厦门海洋经济发展的大背景下,结合海洋经济发展所取得的成果、面临的挑战等,对立法进行可行性分析,为解决厦门海洋经济发展不平衡不充分、部分传统产业持续下行和海洋高新产业发展不足等问题并提出以下立法建议:①明确海洋经济的发展定位;②形成规划体系及结构布局;③建立激励机制和配套措施;④形成金融支持服务体系;⑤制定协调发展的保障性措施;⑥明确对台合作及国际化发展的内容。     

河南区域经济增长俱乐部趋同研究

1990~2004年,河南区域经济增长形成了高收入、中高收入、中低收入和低收入 4个趋同俱乐部。高收入和低收入趋同俱乐部的稳定性最大且连片扩张,区域经济增长水平和空间结构的两极分化日趋增强。总体上,一个区域的"邻居区域环境"对其经济增长及其向何种趋同俱乐部转移有规律性的影响。低收入区域的经济增长及其向中低收入趋同俱乐部转移的概率与其邻居区域的经济增长水平正相关。中低收入区域更倾向于向低收入趋同俱乐部转移。对于中高收入区域,与经济增长水平越高的区域为邻,其向高收入趋同俱乐部转移的概率越大;反之,与经济增长水平越低的区域为邻,其向中低收入趋同俱乐部转移概率也越大。高收入区域的经济增长及稳定性受邻居区域的影响比较小。     

近20年来湖南公路网络优化与空间格局演变

基于最短路径模型,以经济权重可达性和经济潜力指数为主要指标,对近20年湖南公路网络演化和空间格局进行分析。结果表明:1984~2004年,湖南公路网络通达性呈现以长株潭为核心的同心圈层结构,呈现"中心-外围"向外递减,到2004年等值线密度趋于平缓,显示以长株潭为强极,外围湘北(岳阳)、湘南(郴州)为次极和湘西(怀化和吉首)为弱极的空间结构;20年来,湖南省内部可达性绝对差距逐步缩小,相对差距逐步加大,经济发展潜力以长株潭为核心沿主要交通轴线呈指状递减。可达性和经济结构相关分析表明,湖南空间结构由1980年代的低级无序状态变为2004年的多核不均衡集聚扩散状态,未来需要大力优化湘西地区可达性和加快经济的发展,促进空间格局向均衡有序的方向发展。     

中国经济地理学发展困境与对策刍议

探讨了当前中国经济地理学发展中出现的哲学、分支体系、理论、方法论、研究方向和高等教育等6方面问题,并从中国经济地理学学科建设角度,分别对中国经济地理学的哲学、学科分支、理论体系、方法论和研究领域进行了梳理,对各自发展作了展望。     

近20年来中国滨海地带区域经济分异特点研究

以地级行政区为地域单元,采用多指标综合作为衡量指标,对中国滨海地带经济地域分异特征即经济发展水平的峰谷相间特征进行了研究。首先研究了峰谷相间地域格局的发育过程;然后探讨了区域产业结构和城市化水平的时序演化特征;最后总结了上述时序过程和空间过程的时空关联特征。研究的结果表明,中国滨海地带已经形成了区域之间、区域组合之间、南与北之间多层次的地域经济分异。