丹江口水库向白洋淀补水生态调度方案研究

白洋淀是华北平原最大的淡水湖泊。近年来,入淀水量和降水量持续减少导致淀水位持续下降。尽管国家实施了多次的生态补水调度,但由于缺乏长效补水机制,白洋淀生态环境恶化趋势仍没有得到有效控制。南水北调中线一期工程的建设,使利用丹江口水库向白洋淀补充生态环境用水成为可能。本文通过研究丹江口水库不同运行调度方案,探讨了利用水文和气象预测、预报信息来指导水库生态调度的可行性。在分析生态预报调度方式内涵的基础上,结合丹江口水库相机补充白洋淀生态用水实例来说明该方法的实用性和可行性。研究表明,基于预报信息的生态优化调度方案,可使白洋淀多年平均补水量增加48%以上。     

中国矿山迹地的生态恢复（英文）

矿业开发活动产生了大量的废弃地,本文综述了我国露天煤矿排土场、采煤沉陷地和煤矸石山等矿山迹地生态恢复的理论与技术进展,并对今后研究的重点问题进行了展望。采矿迹地生态恢复涉及到很多学科,需要借鉴多学科的理论,同时介绍了采矿迹地生态恢复的实用技术和示范基地建设情况,未来应重点关注矿山迹地生态系统演替过程与机理、采矿废弃地复垦利用的结构优化和采矿迹地生态恢复新技术等问题。     

气候变化对密云水库水资源的影响及其适应性管理对策

 密云水库近30 a入库水资源量日益减少,严重影响城市供水和可持续发展,其中气候变化对水资源的影响成为最受关注的问题之一。以海河流域密云水库的水资源供应为例,研究了气候变化对入库水资源的影响。结果表明：除SRES A2情景下在2025年入库流量减少外,其他情景均表现为入库流量增加。对入库流量增加的情景,采用"零调整方案",即不采取调整措施是可以的,但由于未来北京水资源压力较大,有必要采取一些综合对策。通过多目标条件分析,为解决北京的饮用水供应问题,建议采用开源（跨河流调水）、节流（水田改旱地）及污水治理三管齐下的方案。     

The role of social networks in natural resource governance: What relational patterns make a difference?

Resent research has identified the existence of social networks as a common and important denominator in cases where different stakeholders have come together to effectively deal with natural resource problems and dilemmas. It has even been shown that social networks can be more important than the existence of formal institutions for effective enforcement and compliance with environmental regulations. However, all social networks are not created equal. On the contrary, the structural pattern of relations (i.e. the topology) of a social network can have significant impact on how actors actually behave. This clearly has implications for actors’ abilities to manage environmental challenges. This review aims to add more precision to initial insights and pending hypotheses about the positive impacts of social networks on governance processes and outcomes, by reviewing and synthesizing empirically based literature explicitly studying structural characteristics of social networks in natural resource governance settings. It is shown that significant differences in governance processes and outcomes can be expected among networks experiencing structural differences in terms of density of relations, degree of cohesiveness, subgroup interconnectivity, and degree of network centralization. Furthermore, the review shows that none of these structural characteristics present a monotonically increasing positive effect on processes of importance for resource governance, and that favoring one characteristic likely occurs at the expense of another. Thus, assessing the most favorable level and mix of different network characteristics, where most of the positive governance effects are obtained while undesired effects are minimized, presents a key research and governance challenge.     

Making local futures tangible—Synthesizing, downscaling, and visualizing climate change scenarios for participatory capacity building

Local in its causes and global in its impacts, climate change still poses an unresolved challenge for scientists, politicians, entrepreneurs, and citizens. Climate change research is largely global in focus, aims at enhanced understanding, and is driven by experts, all of which seem to be insufficient to anchor climate change action in regional and local contexts. We present results from a participatory scenario study conducted in collaboration with the municipality of Delta in SW British Columbia, Canada. This study applies a participatory capacity building approach for climate change action at the local level where the sources of emissions and the mechanisms of adaptation reside and where climate change is meaningful to decision-makers and stakeholders alike. The multi-scale scenario approach consists of synthesizing global climate change scenarios, downscaling them to the regional and local level, and finally visualizing alternative climate scenarios out to 2100 in 3D views of familiar, local places. We critically discuss the scenarios produced and the strengths and weaknesses of the approach applied.     

基于3S技术的生态环境质量监测与评价方法研究

在《生态气象观测规范（试行）》、《生态质量气象评价规范（试行）》、《生态监测指标体系》等规范性文件的基础上,结合新疆的实际情况,基于3S技术,利用CBERS和EOS／MODIS卫星数据结合前期相关专业调查成果和数据以及社会经济发展数据,研究并构建了一整套生态环境质量监测与评价的指数,如湿润指数、植被覆盖指数、水网密度指数、土地退化指数、灾害指数、生物丰度指数和污染负荷指数等。在此基础上,分别建立了生态质量气象监测模型与评价标准以及生态环境综合监测模型与评价标准。     

基于格网GIS的黄河流域土地生态质量综合评价

以8 km×8 km的格网为评价单元,从土地生态系统的景观特征、生境质量抗干扰能力、生态系统服务价值、社会经济效益4个角度构建土地生态质量评价体系,利用层次分析法和熵值法确定权重,通过空间自相关、冷热点分析和障碍度诊断模型,探究了黄河流域土地生态质量的空间分异规律.结果表明:(1)黄河流域土地生态质量空间上呈中部及西南...     

我国渔港沉积物的重金属污染及潜在生态风险评价

分析了青岛、宁波、舟山、厦门、深圳、珠海、澳门、茂名和三亚共9个渔港（包括综合港口区）表层沉积物中的Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn、Co和Ni等典型重金属元素的含量,探讨了其可能的来源。采用沉积物质量基准法和Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法,评价了各渔港重金属的污染状况和潜在生态风险。结果表明：（1）渔港沉积物中重金属Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd的富集较为严重,位于珠江三角洲的渔港重金属含量显著高于其他渔港,尤其是Cu和Zn,最高含量分别达到1249mg／kg和664mg／kg,而Cd和Pb的污染也不容忽视;（2）珠三角渔港具“高”或“中等”潜在重金属生态风险,其中Cu和Cd具有高的潜在生态风险,其他渔港均属低生态风险,渔港总的潜在生态风险由高至低顺序为：澳门〉深圳〉珠海〉茂名〉三亚〉厦门〉青岛〉宁波〉舟山;（3）渔港沉积物中重金属主要来自工业废水、生活污水、污灌土壤以及大气沉降的污染和渔船防护漆的使用。而船体防护漆中Cu／氧化亚铜的大量使用是渔港中Cu污染的主要来源。     

格尔木-拉萨成品油管道沿线冻土工程和环境问题及其防治对策

格尔木拉萨成品油管线穿越青藏高原腹地多年冻土区,沿线气候严寒、冻土工程地质条件复杂.几十年来,气候变暖和人类活动已经对管道沿线的冻土环境产生了显著影响.总结了自运营以来格拉管道出现的冻土工程问题及管道沿线的生态环境问题,并就各种问题给出了相关措施和建议.同时,提出了该区管道建设和寒区环境研究的方向应包括加强管道内外检测、对管道进行风险评价、提高管道自动化管理水平、建立冻土长期监测体系以及保护沿线的生态环境等.     

农田排水沟渠的环境效应与生态功能综述

农田排水沟渠作为农业景观中重要的景观单元,能够调节农田生态系统水分平衡,改变流域水文情势。农田养分可以随排水过程迅速流失,也可以通过沉淀与吸附机制被农田沟渠所截留或者通过植物吸收后收割与反硝化去除等机制脱离农田生态系统。作为农田生态系统边缘的交错带,农田排水沟渠较高的植物多样性可以提供动物栖息地和避难场所,增加农田生态系统生物多样性。清淤、收割和控制排水等管理措施对于农田排水沟渠的环境效应和生态服务功能有着不同的影响。今后应加强从多个学科研究农田排水沟渠的环境效应和生态功能,探索生态排水沟渠的构建和管理技术,实现农田排水沟渠水利功能和生态功能的"双赢"。