西北干旱地区水资源与生态环境保护

西北干旱地区的水资源主要是地表水。地表水具有时空分布不均、河川径流补给来源的多样性和与地下水转换频繁等许多特点。西北干旱地区的生态环境在人工绿洲内部有所改善 ,但在绿洲外 ,正在进一步恶化 ,包括土地沙漠化、冰川退缩、湖泊干涸、下游河道断流、沙尘暴频次增加、天然草地大面积退化、天然植被遭到破坏等。这些问题都需要用水来解决。当前生态环境恶化的典型事例有 3处 :塔里木河下游、黑河额济纳地区和石羊河民勤地区。     

韶关市生态旅游资源现状分析及其开发构想

分析了韶关市资源特点和存在问题，提出开展生态旅游的原则和措施，根据各区域生态旅游资源分布特色，将韶关市分为5个森林生态旅游区，即西部自然景观区；北部特殊地貌区；东北部古生物区；中部古人类、宗教观光区；南部观光农业区。     

基于可拓工程方法的生态地理区域系统界线划分研究—以中温带半湿润、半干旱

利用可拓工程方法中的物元模型对生态地理区域系统的界线问题进行了研究，通过选取样本和指标对单指标关联函数和多指标综合关联函数进行了定量计算。在此基础上，通过专家集成确定了中国中温带半湿润、半干旱区之间的界线，弥补了单指标和定性划分的不足，有助于中国生态地理区域系统的构建。     

丘陵山区农业持续发展的生态工程对策：以山东省五莲县为例

我国是一个多山的国家，山区经济的发展在整国民经济发展占有十分重要的地位，本文从生态工程原理出发，分析了生态工程对于山区持续发展的意义，设计生态工程对策时应当遵循的原理与注意的主要问题。并对山东省五莲县复生态系统工程总体框架，以及产业结构调整和产业发展生态工程资源与环境生态工程和生态调控与管理工程等进行了讨论，对于实际丘陵山区农业持续发展具有指导意义。     

Missing role of groundwater in water and nutrient cycles in the shallow eutrophic lake Kasumigaura,Japan

A process‐based model was developed, NICE‐LAKE (NIES (National Institute for Environmental Studies) Integrated Catchment‐based Ecohydrology), which includes interactions between surface water, canopy, unsaturated water, aquifer, lake and rivers, and used it to model the shallow eutrophic Lake Kasumigaura in Japan. By estimating the spatial distribution of the hydrological cycle, the model shows that groundwater withdrawal greatly affects groundwater distribution and seepage and indirectly influences lake water level. The simulated seepage agrees excellently with the budget‐derived value calculated from the observed groundwater level, lake level and isotope analyses. The model showed that groundwater seepage and groundwater concentrations are important contributors to the eutrophication of Lake Kasumigaura, an important contribution not recognized in previous studies of the lake. Groundwater entering the lake from the north side is contaminated with high concentrations of nitrate and ammonia from intensive pig and cattle raising and cultivated fields. The simulation showed that this high nitrogen load plays an important role in the eutrophication of the lake (the nitrogen load in inflowing groundwater is 30% of river inflow and 4 times that from wastewater treatment plants) in spite of government policies to prevent overland flow of nutrients into the lake. Our results show that NICE‐LAKE is a powerful tool for forecasting how the water quality of the lake will be affected by the (illegal) disposal of animal excreta in the surrounding open fields. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A spatial assessment of hydrologic alteration caused by dam construction in the middle and lower Yellow River,China

The ‘range of variability approach’ (RVA) and mapping technique are used to investigate the spatial variability of hydrologic alterations (HA) due to dam construction along the middle and lower Yellow River, China, over the past five decades. The impacts of climate variability on hydrological process have been removed during wet and dry periods and the focus is on the impacts of human activities, such as dam construction, on hydrological processes. Results indicate the following: (1) The impacts of the Sanmenxia reservoir on the hydrologic alteration are relatively slight with a mean HA value of 0·48, ranking in the last place among the four large reservoirs. (2) Xiaolangdi reservoir has significantly changed the natural flow regime downstream with mean HA value of 0·56, ranking it in first place among the large reservoirs. (3) The results of ranked median degrees of 33 hydrologic alteration indicators for 10 stations in the Yellow River show that the hydrologic alteration of Huayuankou ranks the highest among 10 stream gauges. (4) Impacts of reservoirs on hydrological processes downstream of the dams are closely associated with the regulating activities of the reservoirs. At the same time, alterations of streamflow regimes resulting from climatic changes (e.g. precipitation variability) make the situation more complicated and more hydrological observations will be necessary for further analysis. The results of the current study will be greatly beneficial to the regional water resources management and restoration of eco‐environmental systems in the middle and lower Yellow River characterized by intensified dam construction under a changing environment. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

猕猴桃栽培的生态气候适应性研究

对贵州与新西兰主要猕猴桃种植地的生态气候条件进行了相似分析,得出贵州适宜猕猴桃生长发育的初步结论.通过试验和考察,分析了猕猴桃对生态环境的总体要求及主要生育期所需的农业气象指标.遵循农业气候相似理论,确定了分区依据和指标.并综合考虑猕猴桃栽培的生态气候适应性以及地形、地势、海拔等地理因素进行适当的调整,将贵州划分适宜区、次适宜区、不适宜区,并对各区的生态气候条件进行了评述.     

三峡库区坡地生态工程控制土壤养分流失研究——以等高植物篱为例

三峡库区紫色土陡坡地径流小区大雨强模拟降雨实验表明,以等高植物篱为代表的坡地生态工程能相当有效地减少坡面侵蚀量、径流量和坡面氮、磷养分损失量。由于植物篱和带间覆盖稿秆对径流的阻滞作用使坡面径流与表土的混合、养分溶解交换过程更加充分,径流携带的养分流失成为有效养分流失的主要方式。通过施肥改善土壤渗透特性、抗蚀性及带间覆盖能明显提高控制坡面产沙、产流和养分流失。等高植物篱-农作系统各种处理中以施用有机肥和配施有、无机肥-带间麦秆覆盖两种处理效果最好。     

基于生态重要性评价的福建海洋保护格局优化研究

借鉴国际上流行的EBSA、KBA等成熟的评价准则,选取福建海域为研究对象,从遗传、物种、群落和生态系统4个层面构建海洋生态重要性评价指标体系,并利用ArcGIS软件开展综合分析、集成,确定福建省海洋生态重要性评价结果,分析出福建省海洋保护空缺主要分布在7个区域,近岸包括福宁湾、闽江河口、泉州湾、围头湾和东山湾,远岸包括莆田外海和东山外海两个渔业资源集中分布区。研究结果可为福建省以及其他沿海省份开展相关保护格局优化工作提供借鉴和参考。     

农林复合带一维非静力大气边界层模式及其模拟分析

建立了一个农林复合带地区一维非静力大气边界层能量闭合模式，对1000m以下的大气边界层内的风、温、湿作了24h的预报，并对下垫面3种不同参数化方案(农作物、森林、无植被)的输出结果与实测值进行了分析和比较；同时通过敏感性试验，突出比较了农作物和森林下垫面对大气边界层垂直流场，湍流垂直交换和湍能的影响。结果表明，本模式能改善边界层风速、位温和湿度预报的模拟效果，下垫面植被对边界层气象要素大小和分布有显著的作用，对湍能垂直分布有一定影响。