Determining the impact of the Holocene highstand at the coastal‐fluvial interface,Shoalhaven River,south‐eastern Australia

With enhanced rates of sea‐level rise predicted for the next century, the upstream extent of sea‐level influence across coastal plains is a topic of public importance. Australian coastal rivers provide a testing ground for exploring this issue because the area is tectonically stable, was not glaciated, and experienced a Holocene highstand between 7.4 and 2 ka of up to 1.5 m above Australian Height Datum (AHD). In the Shoalhaven River of New South Wales, investigation of a confined bedrock reach at Wogamia, 32 km inland, has identified a unit of dark, cohesive silt and sand with marine diatoms, shell fragments, and enhanced pyrite content, interpreted as estuarine. The unit is up to 13 m thick, thickens downstream, and is overlain by fluvial channel and floodplain deposits. The estuarine unit on‐laps a remnant Pleistocene terrace and extends to approximately +2.2 m AHD. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and radiocarbon ages suggest that estuarine deposition commenced prior to 7.8 ka cal bp , predating the highstand by ~ 500 years, and that marine influence in the area continued to 5.3 ± 0.7 ka. During this period, a delta probably persisted at Wogamia, where a narrow upstream reach opens out, and subsequently advanced to fill the broad Shoalhaven coastal embayment. Although the effect of sea‐level rise depends on many factors, the results suggest that, during a highstand at or above present sea level, a strong marine influence may extend for tens of kilometres inland and penetrate confined bedrock reaches landward of coastal embayments. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Gold resources potential assessment in eastern Kunlun Mountains of China combining weights-of-evidence model with GIS spatial analysis technique

Resources potential assessment is one of the fields in geosciences,which is able to take great advantage of GIS technology as a substitution of traditional working methods.The gold resources potential in the eastern Kunlun Mountains,Qinghai Province,China was assessed by combining weights-of-evidence model with GIS spatial analysis technique.All the data sets used in this paper were derived from an established multi-source geological spatial database,which contains geological,geophysical,geochemical and rem...     

华北东部盆地叠合单元划分及其石油地质意义

华北东部是中国重要的能源基地,在地学界被认为属典型的叠合盆地,形成于前寒武纪结晶基底之上,经历了9 个演化阶段,具有复杂的地质结构,体现了多期次、多种性质、多个延伸方向盆地的垂向叠加效应。文中将各期次单型盆地的静态格局分析与多期盆地的动态叠合研究有机地结合在一起,提出了叠合单元的概念,区划出继承型沉降（Ⅰ）、中沉新剥型（Ⅱ1）、中复新沉型（Ⅱ2）、中复新剥型（Ⅱ3）、中剥新沉型（Ⅱ4）和继承型隆剥（Ⅲ）等叠合单元类型。通过对各叠合单元石油地质条件分析,确定了Ⅱ2,Ⅱ4 型叠合单元为以古生界为源的有利勘探区,Ⅰ,Ⅱ2 型叠合单元为以中生界为源的有利勘探区,为准确分析和评价叠合盆地的石油地质条件提供了一种新的思路与方法。     

东昆仑造山带纳赤台群流纹岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄

纳赤台群是东昆仑早古生代造山带中岩石组成复杂的重要岩石地层单位,长期以来对其形成时代存在较大分歧。采用SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年方法,对格尔木南水泥厂地区出露的纳赤台群石灰厂组流纹岩进行了高精度年代测定,结果表明,流纹岩中13个岩浆岩锆石206Pb/238U年龄平均值为450.4 ± 4.3 Ma,它被解释为火山作用年龄,由此限定纳赤台群石灰厂组火山岩段形成时代为晚奥陶世。      

显微构造研究方法在韧性剪切带遥感分析中的应用

通过对东天山地区韧性剪切带宏观构造特征和显微构造特征的对比,证明区域构造和显微构造在几何学和运动学方面具有相似性;进而采用显微构造研究方法,借助遥感技术对该区的韧性剪切带进行了研究。在构造样式、运动指向、位移量方面,研究结果均与前人在同一地区的野外调查及显微鉴定成果基本吻合。因此,一种变形机制下形成的不同尺度的构造形迹,存在高度相关的内在成因联系;对于不同的观察平台,构造尺度的大小是相对的。遥感与显微技术相结合是一种比较实用的新型构造研究方法。     

Temporal and spatial response of vegetation NDVI to temperature and precipitation in eastern China

Temporal and spatial response characteristics of vegetation NDVI to the variation of temperature and precipitation in the whole year, spring, summer and autumn was analyzed from April 1998 to March 2008 based on the SPOT VGT–NDVI data and daily temperature and precipitation data from 205 meteorological stations in eastern China. The results indicate that as a whole, the response of vegetation NDVI to the variation of temperature is more pronounced than that of precipitation in eastern China. Vegetation NDVI maximally responds to the variation of temperature with a lag of about 10 days, and it maximally responds to the variation of precipitation with a lag of about 30 days. The response of vegetation NDVI to temperature and precipitation is most pronounced in autumn, and has the longest lag in summer. Spatially, the maximum response of vegetation NDVI to the variation of temperature is more pronounced in the northern and middle parts than in the southern part of eastern China. The maximum response of vegetation NDVI to the variation of precipitation is more pronounced in the northern part than in the middle and southern parts of eastern China. The response of vegetation NDVI to the variation of temperature has longer lag in the northern and southern parts than in the middle part of eastern China. The response of vegetation NDVI to the variation of precipitation has the longest lag in the southern part, and the shortest lag in the northern part of eastern China. The response of vegetation NDVI to the variation of temperature and precipitation in eastern China is mainly consistent with other results, but the lag time of vegetation NDVI to the variation of temperature and precipitation has some differences with those results of the monsoon region of eastern China.     

东亚地区区域构造演化与构造域划分

东亚大陆不是简单地以一个巨型前寒武纪克拉通为主体而形成的单一大陆, 而是由一些小板块和众多微陆块及其间的褶皱带或造山带组合、经长期演化而形成的复合大陆。在前人分区研究成果的基础上, 把东亚地区作为一个整体, 经系统分析和有机整合, 形成对整个东亚地区构造背景和构造演化的系统认识。研究表明, 东亚地区构造演化过程可划分为3个阶段, 即前寒武纪稳定陆壳形成阶段、古生代陆洋分化对立阶段和中新生代盆山对峙发展阶段, 尤其以中新生代以来的构造演化对东亚大陆具有重要意义。以燕山期以来东亚地区所受地球动力学背景及其在不同地区作用的差异为主要参考指标, 可将东亚地区划分为7个构造域:西部挤压构造域、西部相对稳定构造域、青藏—羌塘构造域、中部克拉通构造域、俯冲边缘构造域、东部环太平洋构造域和兴安—蒙古构造域, 构造域的划分对于研究区内沉积盆地的成盆演化历史、进行盆地类型划分和盆地油气资源潜力类比分析具有重要的指导意义。      

1980—2009年中国东部上空温度变化特征

采用中国地区137个探空站及地面160站资料,分析了1980—2009年中国东部上空温度变化特征。近30年来中国东部对流层上层至平流层中下层的降温幅度大于对流层中下层的增温幅度。东北地区上空温度季节变化幅度较大,东南地区上空温度季节变化幅度较小。中国东部中低空（近地面至500 hPa）温度在不同区域、不同季节对全球变暖的响应不同：35°N以北无降温,以南有降温;冬季均升温,夏季有降温。     

山东东部表层土壤重金属潜在生态风险评价模型探讨

针对当前土壤污染研究中存在的问题,提出了一种模糊识别土壤重金属污染评价的方法。并对瑞典学者(Hakanson)提出的潜在生态危害指数法进行了改进,用以计量重金属潜在生态风险。采用建立的模型对山东省东部地区土壤重金属潜在生态风险进行了评价,结果表明:该区土壤重金属元素污染程度为:Hg>Cd>Cu>Pb>Zn>Cr>As;而重金属潜在生态风险大小则依次为Hg>Cd>As>Pb>Cu>Cr>Zn。总体来看,山东省东部地区存在一定程度的重金属污染,其潜在生态风险为强和很强的土壤占工区面积的13.75%,这种综合危害特征主要受Hg和Cd元素制约,主要分布在莱州-招远-烟台和牟平-乳山金矿集中区以及人口密集的城镇地带,且已对农作物安全产生影响。认为地质背景和人类活动(采金污染、工业生产、城市人口密集生活等)的共同作用,是造成局部环境中潜在生态风险较高的重要原因。     

临清拗陷东部横向变换构造分析

临清拗陷东部自中生代以来经历多期构造运动,构造特征极为复杂,整体呈现"东西分带,南北分块"的构造格局.在对研究区地震资料进行精细解释的基础上,分析临清拗陷东部横向变换构造带的发育特征及形成原因,探讨其油气地质意义.结果表明:临清拗陷东部的横向变换构造带划分为三级,主要发育在边界断层的上盘,是造成研究区南北分块的原因;盆地基底结构先存构造、不均匀的伸展作用,以及主要断层沿走向的分段活动,控制横向变换构造带的形成;横向变换构造带的发育影响和控制油气聚集,这些区带具备良好的油气聚集条件,是有利的油气勘探目标区域.