黑鲷(Acanthopagrus schlegeli)肿瘤坏死因子α cDNA的克隆及特征分析

采用同源克隆的方法，从黑鲷中获得肿瘤坏死因子(TNFα)全长cDNA序列。该序列含1288个核苷酸，可编码253个氨基酸的TNF前体蛋白。它是一种跨膜蛋白，无糖基化位点和信号肽结构。黑鲷TNFα与其它鱼类的TNFα的相似性很高，占据进化上独立的分支；与哺乳类TNFα和TNFG源于共同的祖先。基因结构分析显示，该基因含有TNF家族pmfile和TNF家族的标签序列；在参与TNFα基因二硫键形成的两个半胱氨酸和TNFα三聚体形成的位点高度保守；空间结构模拟显示，它与哺乳类TNFα的空间结构相似，都是由两个β折叠片组成，每个折叠片包含5个反向平行的β链。表达研究结果表明，黑鲷TNFα在检测的各个组织中均为组成型表达，表现为在刺激与非刺激鱼体中，都可以检测到黑鲷TNFα的表达，但是其表达水平在不同组织中有很大差异。黑鲷TNFα在头肾、脾脏和鳃的表达量较高，而在心脏、肝脏、血液、肾脏和大脑中表达量较低。     

Dynamic analysis of a vertical plate exposed to breaking wave impact

From the experimental studies in recent years, it has become known that when a wave breaks directly on a vertical faced coastal structure, high magnitude impact pressures are produced. The theoretical and experimental studies show that the dynamic response of such structures under wave impact loading is closely dependent on the magnitude and duration of the load history. The dynamic analysis and design of a coastal structure can be succeeded provided the design load history for the wave impact is available. Since these types of data are very scarce, it is much more convenient to follow a method which is based on static analysis for the dynamic design procedure. Therefore, to facilitate the dynamic design of a vertical plate that is exposed to breaking wave impact, a multiplication factor called “dynamic magnification factor” is herein presented which is defined as the ratio of the maximum value of the dynamic response to that found by static analysis. The computational results of the present study show that the dynamic magnification factor is a useful ratio to transfer the results of static analysis to the dynamic design of a coastal plate for the maximum impact pressure conditions of p_max/γH₀≤18.     

河北省沿海风暴潮特征及成因分析

以秦皇岛、京唐港、曹妃甸、黄骅4个验潮站的实测潮位和逐时风的数据为基础,以2013年河北省政府发布的风暴潮四色警戒潮位值为标准,统计了2008—2017年10 a河北省沿海的风暴潮过程,从警报级别、区域分布、时间分布、天气系统、经济损失5个方面分析河北省沿海风暴潮特征,并从地形、天文潮与天气系统配合、海平面上升、全球变暖引发的气候异常4个方面分析了影响河北省沿海风暴潮的成因,分析得出:受天气系统的影响,7—10月是河北省风暴潮高发时段,且由于河北省岸线分布特点,沧州市沿海受到风暴潮影响的次数最多,唐山和秦皇岛次之,沧州和唐山地区的风暴潮过程多由东北向大风引起,而秦皇岛地区的风暴潮过程多由东南向风引起。     

复杂载荷作用下立管触地段损伤管道的动力响应

触地段(Touchdown zone, TDZ)是在役钢悬链线立管(Steel catenary riser, SCR)的关键部位,在复杂载荷作用下,极易形成损伤缺陷,其载荷寿命的评估是深海结构工程中的一个关键问题。本文以大型有限元软件ABAQUS为平台,运用损伤管道实体单元与土弹簧阻尼单元相互作用的模型模拟触地段损伤海底管道在复杂载荷作用下的动力响应,数值计算考虑了管-土相互作用过程中的材料非线性、几何非线性以及接触非线性。讨论了单一环向体积损伤位于触地段管道的不同位置时,触地段损伤管道在不同载荷作用下的动力特性及特征点的动力响应。结果表明,管道所受内外压力以及管道提升端的竖向位移载荷会影响结构的自振频率;体积损伤部位的动力响应较完好部位更剧烈;体积损伤的位置和动力载荷频率对管道动力放大系数的影响很大;当动力载荷的激励频率越接近结构基频时,损伤管道的动力响应及动力放大系数越大。     

南海中央海盆之东部次海盆后扩张期地层特征与影响因素

海底扩张形成的边缘海盆构造演化可划分为前扩张期、同扩张期与后扩张期等阶段。南海中央海盆巨厚的沉积地层大部分是扩张结束之后形成的,尤以东部次海盆地层厚度为最大。因受到不同因素的影响,在该次海盆不同的区域后扩张期发育的地层特征差别较大。这些现象反映海底扩张结束之后所发育的厚层地层中蕴含了大量南海构造演化的信息,因此深入分析该次海盆后扩张期的地层特征与影响因素是南海构造演化研究中不容忽略的环节。利用若干大洋钻孔年代地层资料,在过井剖面上进行合成地震记录标定、划分层序地层并确定其年代属性,并以此为依据分析讨论了本区的地层特征和相关的影响因素。结果表明,东部次海盆北部持续均衡的基底沉降和充足的陆缘物质形成厚度稳定的地层沉积;东部以微板块向马尼拉海沟俯冲为主要影响因素,使不同年代的地层各具特征;中部和西部岩浆活动是主要的影响因素,形成以火山碎屑物质为主的地层沉积;南部因当时的陆坡沉积环境和浊流活动的影响形成具有沉积物波特征的地层沉积。     

环境规制对海洋经济绿色全要素生产率的影响

文章基于2006—2018年中国11个沿海省(自治区、直辖市)的数据,综合政府主导与市场激励型环境规制,利用熵权法得到海洋环境规制强度;结合SBM模型和Malmquist-Luenberger指数,测度了沿海省(自治区、直辖市)海洋经济绿色全要素生产率;在此基础上实证分析环境规制对海洋经济绿色全要素生产率的影响,并对技术创新的中介效应进行检验。结果表明：环境规制能够促进海洋经济绿色全要素生产率的增长,但在长江流域以南、长江流域以北沿海地区之间存在异质性;环境规制通过影响海洋科技创新投入和产出,可以影响海洋经济绿色全要素生产率。并从深化环境规制改革和强化技术创新两方面提出促进海洋经济绿色发展的政策建议。     

Analysis of the spatial variation of heavy metals in the Guadiana Estuary sediments (SW Iberian Peninsula) based on GIS-mapping techniques

This work reveals the usefulness of the GIS (Geographic Information Systems) mapping techniques to show the distribution of pollutants along an estuarine environment, as the final stage of a thorough study. In the case of study, the environmental quality of the sediments in the Guadiana river estuary was determined by means of a complete geochemical characterization consisting on the calculation of enrichment factors for the most important metals and metalloids (compared with the local background of non-contaminated sediments). The obtained results were depicted in “enrichment distribution maps” which evidenced a distribution of the elements in two groups: Group-I, elements with natural origin (Al, Fe, Mn, Co, and Cr) distributed homogeneously along the basin, and Group-II, elements associated to anthropic origin (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn) with clear punctual sources besides a high concentration all over the estuary. The enrichment factors for the elements of Group-II are indicative of the existence of a noticeable diffuse historical mining pollution associated with the acid mine drainage generated in the internal zones of the basin, which could overlap minor pollution inputs from other human activities. The obtained results lead us to a reconsideration of the traditionally thought “unpolluted” environment when it was compared to nearby estuaries.     

鄂尔多斯盆地北部塔巴庙地区下石盒子组盒3段储层特征及有利区块预测

根据野外剖面、钻井岩芯和测井等资料,系统地对塔巴庙地区下石盒子组盒3段储集砂体的岩石学特征、孔隙类型、成岩作用以及物性进行了详细的分析。研究表明,储集层的成分和结构成熟度低;主要孔隙类型有粒间孔、粒内溶孔、晶间溶孔、铸模孔和粒缘缝;孔隙度为0.7%~18.69%,平均值为7.82%;渗透率为0.008×10^-3μm²~23.01×10^-3μm²,平均值为1.111×10^-3μm²,属于物性中-偏低的微孔-溶孔型组合型储集岩。影响储集层的主控因素包括:(1)河道控制了优质储层的分布范围和规模;(2)成岩期早期环边绿泥石胶结、溶蚀等建设性成岩作用是形成储层的基础;(3)成岩相扩大了储层的分布范围,改善了储层的物性。在上述研究的基础上,结合储集砂体的沉积微相特征、物性平面展布特征、储集砂体成岩相特征,在研究区内圈定了Ⅱ、Ⅲ两类有利勘探区块,为研究区下一步的勘探、开发提供了科学依据。     

A study of design spectra based on attenuation relationship of ground motion

In recent years, more and more studies are focused on the performance in seismic design instead of the strength of structures. People have realized that the structure deformation (displacement) can describe the damage more properly and directly than the strength (force). The displacement design spectra need to be constructed within more wide range of the period and the damping for the displacement-based seismic design.