中国区域交通优势度评价:网络密度、邻近性及可达性(英文)

Transport infrastructure plays an important role in shaping the configuration of spatial socio-economic structures and influences regional accessibility.This paper defines transport dominance from three aspects:quality,quantity,and advantage,measured by density,proximity,and accessibility indices.County is the basic unit for analysis.The results reveal:(1)Transport dominance statistically follows a partial normal distribution.A very few counties,1.4%of the total,have extremely high transport dominance which...     

China’s regional transport dominance:Density, proximity, and accessibility

Transport infrastructure plays an important role in shaping the configuration of spatial socio-economic structures and influences regional accessibility. This paper defines transport dominance from three aspects: quality, quantity, and advantage, measured by density, proximity, and accessibility indices. County is the basic unit for analysis. The results reveal: (1) Transport dominance statistically follows a partial normal distribution. A very few counties, 1.4% of the total, have extremely high transport dominance which strongly supports the socio-economic development in these areas. In contrast, one eighth of all counties have poor transport dominance which impedes local socio-economic development to some extent. The remaining areas, about 70% of the counties, have median transport dominance. (2) Transport dominance is spatially unevenly distributed, with values decreasing gradually from the coastal area to the inland area. Areas in the first-highest level of transport dominance are mainly concentrated in the Yangtze River Delta, the Greater Beijing area, and the Pearl River Delta. Areas in the second-highest level are focused in Chengdu, Chongqing, and Wuhan metropolitan areas. Provincial capitals and a few other counties belong to the third-highest level.     

First record of Australian bonito,Sarda Australis,from New Zealand

The range of the Australian bonito, Sarda australis (Macleay, 1880), previously known only from eastern Australia and Norfolk Island, is now extended to include New Zealand. Data on two specimens examined from northern New Zealand are presented.     

螺类牧食损害对沉水植物群落结构的调节

提要在受控实验条件下,采用实验生态学的方法,研究了螺类(椭圆萝卜螺)牧食损害对人工构建的沉水植物群落结构的影响。结果表明,螺类牧食损害降低了沉水植物的相对生长率及人工构建的群落生物量,且植物的生长率及群落的生物量与螺密度间有显著的负相关关系。牧食损害使沉水植物群落结构发生了显著变化,随着牧食强度的加大,群落中马来眼子菜与苦草的综合优势比迅速下降,而轮叶黑藻与伊乐藻则稳步上升。作者对调节沉水植物群落结构的影响因素进行了探讨,认为植物种类的生长特性使伊乐藻与轮叶黑藻在与苦草及马来眼子菜的竞争中占优势,椭圆萝卜螺的牧食损害则加速了这种优势地位的取得。     

黄河入海口水域春季浮游动物群落特征研究

对2008、2009年黄河入海口水域春季浮游动物进行调查,采用香农-威纳多样性指数(Shannon-Weiner index)、Pielou均匀度指数和McNaugton优势度指数对其浮游动物群落特征进行分析。结果表明:浮游动物鉴定出6大类44种,以甲壳动物种类最多;2008年5月黄河入海口水域浮游动物多样性指数范围为0.92～2.65,均匀度变化范围为0.25～0.66;2009年5月浮游动物多样性指数范围为0.76～2.87,均匀度变化范围为0.21～0.70。黄河入海口水域浮游动物时空分布较不均匀,群落特征(包括丰度、多样性指数、均匀度和优势度等)在同一时期同一水域各采样点间差异较大,同一采样点不同年份差异显著。