浅谈石油钻井节能减排的途径与对策

石油天然气钻井肩负着油气资源勘探开发的国家使命和社会责任,同时又是能耗大户,节能潜力和责任很大。企业的科学发展当责无旁贷的把节能减排看作转变经济发展方式、节能挖潜、降本增效的重要抓手。只有坚持低碳生产,坚持节约发展、清洁发展、安全发展,才能实现企业又好又快地发展。     

中国古代家养动物的动物考古学研究

鉴定家养动物的系列方法包括形体测量、病理现象、年龄结构、性别特征、数量比例、考古现象、食性分析、DNA研究等。按照迄今为止出土的动物骨骼资料,中国主要家养动物开始出现的时间和种类依次为距今10000年左右出现狗,距今9000年左右出现猪,距今5000多年出现绵羊,距今4000多年出现黄牛,距今约3700年左右出现马和山羊,距今约3600年左右出现鸡。中国古代家养动物出现的模式可以分为直接在当地驯化和通过文化交流从其他地区引进这样两种。     

钢、水泥需求“S”形规律的三个转变点剖析

本文剖析了人均钢、水泥消费“S”形轨迹的三个重要转变点, 论述了人均消费量和消费强度变化规律的影响因素和内在机制, 阐述了产业部门钢消费强度的倒“U”形轨迹, 在分析国内外经济结构演变趋势的基础上, 提出我国第二产业占GDP比例已经达到顶点, 指出钢、水泥消费强度顶点大小及到来的时间。     

Research on Ecosystem Service Consumption in Guilin City

Research on ecosystem service consumption not only helps to reveal the utilization intensity and management level of the ecosystem in Guilin, but it also provides a scientific basis for ecosystem investment, trade, subsidies and taxation by the Guilin government departments. Based on household survey data of urban and rural ecological consumption, the physical quantity accounting method is adopted for multivariate statistical analyses, such as analysis of variance and multiple comparison. This analysis reveals the differences and changes in the consumption level, consumption structure and consumption pattern of the main ecological products in Guilin among the various counties. The results fit into four main themes. (1) The annual per capita consumption of the main ecological products in Guilin varies either extremely significantly or significantly among the counties, but the consumption level of ecological products varies according to the type of products. There are significant or extremely significant differences in the annual per capita consumption of cereals, melons and fruits, pork, poultry, beef and mutton, fresh eggs and milk between urban and rural residents. (2) There are extremely significant differences in the annual per capita consumption of fruits, pork, poultry, beef and mutton, fish, fresh milk and vegetable oil among urban residents in different counties. There are also extremely significant differences in the annual per capita consumption of cereals, pork, poultry and alcohol among rural residents in different counties, and significant differences in the annual per capita consumption of fresh eggs and milk. The consumption level of ecological products by urban and rural resident varies with the type of products. (3) The ecological consumption patterns of all counties in Guilin mainly follow the “cereal + vegetable + fruit + meat” pattern for urban residents and the “cereal + vegetable + meat” pattern for rural residents (except for the rural residents in Pingle, which show the “cereal + vegetable” pattern). The consumption structure of urban residents is better than that of rural residents. (4) There is a large gap between the ecological consumption of urban and rural residents in Guilin and China's recommended standards, except for cereals and meat. The main problems are excessive meat intake, and insufficient intake of dark vegetables, fruits, eggs, milk and fish. Therefore, we should make full use of forestland, grassland, water and other resources in the area, and vigorously develop fishery, fruit and vegetable production and herbivorous animal husbandry to meet people's ecological needs for dark fruits and vegetables, eggs, milk and fish in Guilin City.     

Economic development and energy efficiency in Jilin Province,China

The relationship between economic development and energy consumption is revealed by employing cointegration theory, the index decomposition method, and a log-linear regression approach based on a case study of Jilin Province, China. The results suggest: 1) the economic development and energy consumption are interdetermined, whose relationship is positive and long-term. The economic development is highly depending on the energy in Jilin Province. 2) Under the condition of other unchanged factors, the change of industrial energy efficiency contributes to the energy saving, while that of industrial structure increases the energy consumption. 3) The industrial structure change enhances the energy intensity, but the energy utility efficiency change lowers it. From the view of contribution to the energy consumption, the contribution of industrial structure was more than that of the energy utility efficiency in 2000-2011. 4) In 2000-2011, the comprehensive energy intensity change and hydroelectricity energy intensity change were related to all industrial structures' change, and the influencing factors about structure of oil energy intensity change were more than those of coal energy intensity change; from the impact degree, agricultural proportion decreased exerted an positive and greater effect on lowering the energy intensity of comprehensive energy and hydroelectricity, and industrial one did on coal and natural gas. Some conclusions can be drawn as follows: the major way to promote the coordinated development of the industrial economy and energy consumption is to optimize the industrial structure by increasing the proportion of the tertiary industry and low energy consumption industrial sectors and to enhance the energy utility efficiency.     

基于五级态度量表的青海省国内游客满意度测评

提高游客满意度是促进旅游业可持续发展的根本保障.以青海省国内游客为研究对象,运用五级态度量表量化游客满意度评价项目,采用定性和定量相结合的方法,对餐饮、住宿、交通、游览、购物、娱乐、总体满意度以及游客重游率等方面开展综合测评.研究表明：国内游客对青海各旅游环节的满意度评价总体上处于满意和一般之间,旅游总体满意度评价较高,游客重游青海的潜力大.     

地下水灌溉回水对黄河流域化学风化CO_2消耗估算的影响

本文根据2012年6月和2013年5月采集的河南、宁夏和内蒙等引黄灌区地下水实测数据,并结合文献数据,探讨了引黄灌区地下水离子组成的分布特征。结果表明:因受蒸发作用和人为因素影响较小,深层地下水矿化度和HCO-3的浓度小于浅层水,但HCO-3占阴离子比例大于浅层水。因各灌区蒸发量、降雨量以及岩性的不同,浅层地下水化学组成和风化来源阳离子浓度在各灌区表现出较大的差异。HCO-3占阴离子的比例在河南灌区最高,内蒙灌区中部和宁夏灌区次之,内蒙灌区东西部最低。河南和内蒙灌区风化来源阳离子浓度相差不多,均大于宁夏灌区。灌区浅层地下水灌溉回水高估的黄河流域化学风化消耗CO2的量为23.3×108 mol/a。     

Impact of Anthropogenic Heat Release on Regional Climate in Three Vast Urban Agglomerations in China简

We simulated the impact of anthropogenic heat release （AHR） on the regional climate in three vast city agglomerations in China using the Weather Research and Forecasting model with nested high-resolution modeling.Based on energy consumption and high-quality land use data,we designed two scenarios to represent no-AHR and current-AHR conditions.By comparing the results of the two numerical experiments,changes of surface air temperature and precipitation due to AHR were quantified and analyzed.We concluded that AHR increases the temperature in these urbanized areas by about 0.5℃-1℃,and this increase is more pronounced in winter than in other seasons.The inclusion of AHR enhances the convergence of water vapor over urbanized areas.Together with the warming of the lower troposphere and the enhancement of ascending motions caused by AHR,the average convective available potential energy in urbanized areas is increased.Rainfall amounts in summer over urbanized areas are likely to increase and regional precipitation patterns to be altered to some extent.     

高分五号高光谱数据融合方法比较

数据融合是解决高光谱卫星在时空分辨率等指标上受限的有效途径,探讨不同方法在GF-5高光谱数据上的融合效果,对GF-5高光谱数据的信息挖掘与推广应用有着重要意义。本文本着算法简单易用、适于推广的原则,采用GS（Gram-Schmidt）葛兰—施密特正交变换融合算法、GSA（GS Adaptive）自适应GS融合算法、CNMF（Coupled Non-negative Matrix Factorization）耦合非负矩阵分解融合算法、CRISP-W（Color Resolution Improvement Software Package with Wavelet transform）基于小波变换和CRISP-B（Color Resolution Improvement Software Package with Butterworth）基于巴特沃斯滤波器的分辨率提升融合算法、GLP（Generalized Laplacian Pyramid）广义拉普拉斯金字塔融合算法共6种融合方法,分别对BJ-2、GF-2、GF-1、GF-1C、GF-1D国产卫星多光谱数据与GF-5高光谱数据进行融合实验。通过目视分析、指标评价（相关系数、通用图像质量指标、峰值信噪比、光谱角、全局综合误差）、分类应用、时间成本4种方式对融合结果进行综合比较分析。结果表明,相融合的一组图像系列相同、空间分辨率相差越小,融合结果越好。CRISP-B、CRISP-W、GLP在提升空间分辨率、光谱保真度方面能达到较好的平衡,空间重建方面,GLP稍优且更稳定,CRISP-B、CRISP-W则在光谱信息保持方面稳定性更强且效果更好。数据源会对融合方法产生一定的影响,在光谱特征信息提取、分析等对光谱保真度要求高的工作中,GLP更适合同源数据（如GF-5与GF-1/1C/1D/2）融合,而在多源数据间（如GF-5与BJ-2）进行融合时,则优先选择CRISP-W。CNMF存在一定程度的色彩畸变,且运行时间较长。GSA、GS融合效果最差,其中,GSA不论是光谱保持能力还是空间分辨率提升能力均较GS更稳定。在小样本高光谱图像分类应用中,CRISP-B融合结果分类效果稳定,分类精度较高。GSA融合结果空间细节丰富,虽光谱失真较为严重,但同时增大了地物光谱分离度,仍适用于准确勾勒建筑物、道路等地物。本研究为GF-5高光谱数据与其他国产卫星多光谱数据融合方法的选择提供参考,有助于高分五号高光谱数据的应用与推广。     

山东烟台大季家地区海水入侵界面划分的意义

在沿海地区划分海水入侵界线具有重大意义,在海水入侵范围内,地下水由于含盐量高,虽然工业生产、人畜生活不能利（饮）用,但深部海水可为海产品养殖业带来较高的利用价值。利用高密度电法和可控源音频大地电磁2种方法准确划分了浅、深部海水入侵界线,并根据电性特征分析探讨了海水入侵区域的由浅至深的侵入特点,推测了不同深度上岩石破碎及富水规律,为探讨沿海养殖业利用温度相对稳定或较高的深部入侵海水进行了积极、有益的探讨。