Multiphase partial and selective dolomitization of Carnian reef limestone (Transdanubian Range,Hungary)

Partially dolomitized carbonate successions provide a good opportunity to understand the commonly multistage process of dolomitization. Petrographic methods, fluid inclusion microthermometry and stable isotope measurements were applied to reconstruct the diagenetic evolution and dolomitization of a partially dolomitized Carnian reef limestone from the Transdanubian Range, Hungary. The diagenetic history began with reef diagenesis and formation of dolomite micro‐aggregates in microbial fabric elements; this was followed by the development of euhedral porphyrotopic dolomite crystals through overgrowths around the previously formed dolomite micro‐aggregates during the earliest burial stage. Increasing burial resulted in the extension of the dolomite patches via formation of finely crystalline replacement dolomite. From the Late Norian, when the Carnian reef carbonates reached the depth of 1·0 to 1·8 km, the diagenetic evolution continued in an intermediate to deep‐burial setting. Contemporaneously, an extensional regime was established, leading to fracturing. The progressive burial resulted in the recrystallization of the pre‐existing dolomite with increasing temperature, while saddle dolomite cement was precipitated in fractures. In connection with the Alpine Orogeny, intense denudation took place during the Late Cretaceous, accompanied by fracturing. Similar tectonically controlled denudation and fracturing occurred in several stages during the Cenozoic. As a result of these processes, the studied Carnian carbonates were raised to a near‐surface position or became subaerially exposed, leading to dedolomitization of the last dolomite phase and precipitation of calcite cement in cavities and fractures. This study revealed that by investigating partially and selectively dolomitized rock types, it is possible to document and understand those stages of the multiple dolomitization process which can barely be detected in the completely dolomitized rock bodies. Recognition of the dolomitization phases could provide the basis for the analysis of their relations with the depositional, diagenetic and tectonic processes, and stages of basin evolution.     

环开江—梁平海槽长兴组台缘礁滩相储层特征及成岩作用

通过岩心观察、薄片鉴定、电镜扫描、阴极发光、物性分析,对四川盆地东部环开江—梁平海槽上二叠统长兴组礁滩相储层特征、储层成岩作用进行研究,并初步建立成岩演化序列。储层特征研究发现,长兴组储层发育良好,储集岩以"花斑状"生屑云岩和生物礁云岩为主,粒间孔、粒间溶孔和粒内溶孔较为发育,孔隙度总体介于2%~6%,渗透率集中在0.1~1 m D,结合孔渗相关关系将其划分为4种储层类型:"低孔高渗"型、"中孔中渗"型、过渡型、"高孔低渗"型。储层成岩作用研究发现,储层在成岩阶段经历了多期胶结、压实、白云岩化、溶蚀、构造破裂等成岩作用。由于成岩作用对孔隙结构的改造,孔隙演化整体上呈减小趋势。胶结作用及压实作用使得原生孔隙大幅度减少,对储层的形成具有破坏性作用,溶蚀及白云岩化作用对储层的形成具有建设性作用,构造破裂对储层进一步优化改造。研究表明原生粒间孔和早成岩期岩溶及热液白云岩化作用形成的早期次生孔隙不仅是现今储层储集空间的雏形,也基本决定了储层的最终面貌。     

库车坳陷古近系白云岩地球化学特征及成因

为了分析库车坳陷古近系库姆格列木群白云岩的成因,利用薄片染色、微量元素和稳定同位素测试等方法为手段,系统分析该套白云岩地球化学特征,并讨论其成因。研究表明,该套白云岩主要分为膏质云岩和泥（粉）晶白云岩两种类型。白云岩的微量元素和同位素特征表明其形成于较高盐度、高Mg/Ca比、强还原的海陆过渡环境。古近纪早期库车坳陷西部地区间断性海侵和强烈蒸发环境使得水体盐度较高,并为准同生期白云岩的形成提供了镁离子来源。结合沉积、岩相特征认为该套白云岩有蒸发白云石化及回流渗透白云石化两种成因类型,蒸发白云石化形成的膏质云岩主要分布在低能的潮上环境,回流渗透白云石化形成的膏质泥(粉)晶白云岩或膏质砂屑白云岩分布于中低能的潮下—泻湖环境。     

Facies mosaic and diagenetic patterns of the early Devonian (Late Pragian–Early Emsian) microbialite‐dominated carbonate sequences,Qasr Member,Jauf Formation,Saudi Arabia

The Al‐Jawf area of northern Saudi Arabia provides spectacular outcrops of Early Devonian carbonate bioherms in the Wadi Murayr and Dumat Al‐Jandal areas. These carbonate bioherms belong to the Qasr Member of the Late Pragian–Early Emsian Jauf Formation (~405 Ma) and are surrounded by a bioclastic carbonate succession. The Qasr Member is the first major carbonate unit of the Palaeozoic succession in Saudi Arabia that mainly consists of microbialite carbonates and metazoan reefs exhibiting distinct mound features. These bioherm complexes and their associated carbonate facies are pervasively dolomitized. Stratigraphic, petrographic and geochemical analyses were conducted to determine the facies distribution and interpret their depositional and diagenetic processes. A total of 11 facies are identified from a range of depositional environments within a carbonate platform system, ranging from tidal flats, lagoon, shoal, patch reefs to reef front. The main diagenetic processes are carbonate cementation and dolomitization. Dolomitization occurred as both fabric preserved (mostly in grain‐dominated facies) and fabric destructive (mud‐dominated facies). The microbialites and coralline sponges facies show poor reservoir with visual porosity less than 5%, but this succession may have a potential to serve as a good source for the underlying and overlying facies. Ooid and peloidal grainstone facies show fair to good visual porosity that locally exceeds 10% with intergranular porosity as the dominant type. However, in the most studied samples, vuggy and intraparticle porosities are observed as the dominant type. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

塔里木盆地塔中地区下奥陶统白云岩成因

塔里木盆地塔中地区下奥陶统白云岩广泛发育,岩石类型复杂多样,主要包括结晶白云岩、残余颗粒白云岩、残余灰质白云岩、藻云岩、亮边雾心白云岩、环带白云岩及少量膏云岩等结构类型。白云岩交代现象明显,δ18O普遍为中—高负值（-3.2‰～-8.7‰）;δ13C值基本为低中负值（-3‰～-0.77‰）,Z值大多集中在118～123...     

Hydrothermal dolomitization in a complex geodynamic setting (Lower Palaeozoic,northern Spain)

Burial hydrothermal dolomitization is a common diagenetic modification in sedimentary basins with implications for oil and gas reservoir performance. Outcrop analogues represent an easily accessible source of data to refine the genetic models and assess risk in hydrocarbon exploration and production. The Palaeozoic succession of northern Spain contains numerous excellent exposures of epigenetically dolomitized limestones, particularly in the Carboniferous and Cambrian. The epigenetic dolomites in the Cambrian carbonates of the Láncara Formation are volumetrically small, but have a large aerial distribution across different tectonic units of the Variscan fold and thrust belt. Coarse crystals, abundant saddle dolomite cement, negative δ¹⁸O and fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures between 80°C and 120°C characterize these dolomites, which are petrographically and geochemically similar to the tens of kilometre‐sized hydrothermal dolomites replacing the Upper Carboniferous succession in the same area. In both cases, the dolomitizing fluids are derived from highly evaporated sea water, modified to a limited degree through fluid‐rock interaction. The dolomitization events affecting both Cambrian and Carboniferous strata are probably related to the same post‐orogenic hydrothermal fluid flow. The formation of the post‐collisional (latest Carboniferous) Cantabrian arc fostered dolomitization: the extension related to bending of the arc generated deep‐reaching faults and strike‐slip movements, which favoured the circulation of hot dolomitizing fluids in the outer parts of this orocline. A similar dolomitization process affected other areas of Europe after the main stages of the Variscan orogeny. Dolomitization was a continuous, uninterrupted, isochemical process. Limestone replacement resulted in a major porosity redistribution and focused the fluid flow into the newly created porous zones. Replacement was followed immediately by partial to complete cementation of the pores (including zebra fabrics and vugs) with saddle dolomite. The amount of porosity left depends on the volume of cement and therefore on the volume of fluids available.     

高温实验模拟Mg/Ca浓度对文石质生物碎屑白云石化过程的影响

高温(150℃以上)合成白云石实验被认为是了解自然条件下白云石成因的有效途径。选择自然条件下对白云石成因有重要影响的Mg/Ca值(摩尔浓度比)指标,分别采用鹿角珊瑚和大琵琶螺两种文石质生物碎屑为先驱反应物,在220℃高温环境下对不同Mg/Ca值(0.5、0.7、1.0、1.2、1.5)和不同反应时间(0.5、1.0、1.5、2、3、6、8、14 h)条件下文石质生物碎屑的白云石化过程开展研究。结果表明,在高温条件下白云石化过程可分为诱导阶段、快速反应阶段和平稳阶段,这一反应过程未明显受到先驱文石质反应物的影响,反映了流体Mg/Ca浓度对白云石化产物具有明显的控制作用。随着反应溶液Mg/Ca值的提高,白云石化的诱导期缩短、速率加快,产物白云石中CaCO₃的摩尔分数降低且有序度提高,表明高Mg²⁺浓度能够促进Mg²⁺快速交代文石中的Ca²⁺并完成白云石的有序化过程。研究结果为解释自然条件下Mg/Ca浓度对白云石化过程的影响提供了基础理论支撑。     

川东大竹—开江地区下三叠统飞仙关组二段储层白云石化成因与孔隙演化——来自岩石结构、原位主微量元素以及锶同位素的证据

近年在四川盆地开江-梁平海槽周缘下三叠统飞仙关组的勘探开发中,已发现普光、七里北、龙门等气田,获探明储量6316×10⁸ m³,展现出较大勘探潜力,其中储集层段主要为鲕滩相白云岩储层。为探讨该区域白云石化作用及其对储层发育的控制,本文以薄片观察及连井剖面对比等手段为基础,结合阴极发光、微区原位主微量元素、锶同位素及流体包裹体分析,对研究区白云石的类型、分布、形成机制及白云岩储层的孔隙演化进行了讨论。川东大竹—开江地区飞仙关组二段岩石类型主要有泥晶灰岩、颗粒灰岩及白云岩;白云岩主要包括残余颗粒白云岩和晶粒白云岩,过渡岩类如云质颗粒灰岩同样较为常见,而颗粒灰岩和白云岩的发育及分布主要受沉积相带控制。在飞一段沉积晚期—飞二段沉积早期,研究区西南部沙坪场构造一带为开阔台地沉积,鲕粒滩呈点状分布且白云石化程度相对较弱;随着飞二段沉积中晚期鲕粒滩向海槽方向的进积作用,形成滩后或滩间的局限环境,双家坝-龙门构造一带鲕粒滩白云石化作用增强,形成了分布范围广、厚度大的白云岩发育区。区内白云石在阴极射线下为暗红光—不发光,为同生—准同生期高盐度卤水渗透回流交代下...     

镁同位素示踪白云石化流体迁移路径——以四川盆地石炭系黄龙组为例

镁(Mg)是组成白云石的核心元素,直接参与了白云石化过程,因此白云岩Mg同位素能够用于示踪白云岩成因和白云石化流体迁移路径。四川盆地东部上石炭统黄龙组白云岩发育,也是重要储集层。通过对黄龙组连续取芯的七里53井开展详细的沉积学研究,系统选取样品开展元素地球化学和Mg同位素分析,发现Mg同位素波动变化与沉积旋回存在密切关联,旋回边界为白云石化流体迁移界面,即白云石化流体迁移通道;依据Mg同位素值垂向演化规律,识别出黄龙组白云岩5个流体交换界面通道,逐层白云石化。因此,厚层白云岩是由若干个薄层灰岩层逐层白云石化叠加而成。这一发现为预测白云岩成因及储层分布提供了重要理论依据。     

渝北巫溪鱼鳞剖面灯影组鲕粒沉积特征及其地质意义

鲕粒是恢复古海水性质和古环境的重要载体。通过对巫溪鱼鳞剖面震旦系地层的实测,发现该剖面鲕粒发育于灯影组二段上部,且可以划分为两个鲕粒层。底部鲕粒层(鲕粒层A)厚约5.5 m,顶部鲕粒层(鲕粒层B)厚约1.4 m,两个鲕粒层之间为厚约2.4 m的泥—粉晶云岩。显微特征表明,鲕粒虽然完全白云石化,但纹层特征保存良好。鲕粒类型以泥—微晶鲕为主,同心鲕和同心—放射鲕次之,其余类型鲕粒发育较少。研究区灯二段鲕粒云岩为台地浅水鲕粒滩沉积,同心鲕和同心—放射鲕指示较强的水动力条件,泥—微晶鲕发育于水体相对较为安静的环境,而破碎再生鲕则可能与风暴事件相关。保存清晰的纹层可能表明鲕粒云岩是早期拟晶白云石化后的产物,因此灯影二段上部鲕粒白云岩是研究前寒武海水性质的良好载体。鲕粒纹层以同心状和同心—放射状主,指示灯影期海水性质可能为文石海。