The absolute infrared magnitudes of type Ia supernovae

The absolute luminosities and homogeneity of early-time infrared (IR) light curves of type Ia supernovae are examined. Eight supernovae are considered. These are selected to have accurately known epochs of maximum blue light as well as having reliable distance estimates and/or good light curve coverage. Two approaches to extinction correction are considered. Owing to the low extinction in the IR, the differences in the corrections via the two methods are small. Absolute magnitude light curves in the J , H and K bands are derived. Six of the events, including five established 'branch-normal' supernovae, show similar coeval magnitudes. Two of these, supernovae (SNe) 1989B and 1998bu, were observed near maximum infrared light. This occurs about 5 d before maximum blue light. Absolute peak magnitudes of about −19.0, −18.7 and −18.8 in J , H and K respectively were obtained. The two spectroscopically peculiar supernovae in the sample, SNe 1986G and 1991T, also show atypical IR behaviour. The light curves of the six similar supernovae can be represented fairly consistently with a single light curve in each of the three bands. In all three IR bands the dispersion in absolute magnitude is about 0.15 mag, and this can be accounted for within the uncertainties of the individual light curves. No significant variation of absolute IR magnitude with B -band light curve decline rate, Δ m ₁₅( B ), is seen over the range 0.87<Δ m ₁₅( B )<1.31. However, the data are insufficient to allow us to decide whether or not the decline rate relation is weaker in the IR than in the optical region. IR light curves of type Ia supernovae should eventually provide cosmological distance estimates that are of equal, or even superior, quality to those obtained in optical studies.     

The nearby supernova factory

The Nearby Supernova Factory is an international project dedicated to the study of the nearby thermonuclear (type Ia) supernovæ. Based upon the NEAT search for the target discovery and the dedicated integral field spectrograph SNIFS for the follow‐up, the goal is to study, over a continuous period of 4 years, the spectro‐photometric evolution of ∼300 SNe Ia at z < 0.08 from −15 to +50 days in the extended optical range (320–1000 nm). This will allow to probe in detail the local Hubble diagram, SNe Ia physics and the SNe‐host galaxy correlations, serving as an unprecedented nearby benchmark for the high‐z cosmological studies to come. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

节织纹螺(Nassarius hepaticus)贝壳差异的COⅠ基因分析

选择在厦门港市场购买的节织纹螺(Nassarius hepaticus),挑选五种典型贝壳形态,每种形态各5个个体,研究其COⅠ基因序列及其分子系统发育。结果表明,节织纹螺五种贝壳类型的齿舌形态基本一致,但个体间齿列数和中央齿上缘小齿数有差异;COⅠ基因序列存在较大的变异,678—679bp的片段上有31个变异位点,其中20个为密码子第三位碱基,6个为密码子第二位碱基,5个为密码子第一位碱基;贝壳、齿舌变异与DNA变异不存在关系,同类型和不同类型的个体在DNA序列上差异较小,根据Kimura 2-parameter法计算25个个体的遗传距离在0.001—0.010之间,平均值为0.007。以COⅠ基因序列计算的遗传距离和构建的系统发育树证实五种贝壳形态的25个个体同属于节织纹螺。     

基于相似距离和等高线树的等高线聚类及其应用

通过形状匹配技术以获取等高线之间的相似程度,通过构建等高线树以获得等高线之间的邻近程度,然后将邻近的且形态相似的等高线实施聚类,实验结果表明聚类结果正确可靠。在获得聚类结果的基础上,还对等高线图进行了地形特征提取和数据压缩。     

一种改进的恒星相机在轨检校方法

目前利用星对角距进行恒星相机在轨检校时,一般有两种方法,一种是不考虑镜头畸变,只检校相机内方位元素;另一种考虑畸变的影响,先检校相机内方位元素,再用多项式来拟合畸变。本文在利用镜头畸变规律的基础上,将畸变与相机内方位元素一并检校。实验表明,该方法比其他两种方法能更有效的提高相机检校精度。     

一种改进Hausdorff距离和自适应遗传搜索的遥感目标匹配方法

采用快速点提取算子SIFT算子提取特征点,减少图像数据量,针对传统Hausdorff距离对噪声、出格点较敏感的问题对其进行改进,并以改进后的鲁棒Hausdorff距离作为匹配测度,利用非遍历而又有效的遗传搜索策略进一步提高了匹配速度。对发生旋转变形和灰度变化的遥感影像进行模拟实验,实验结果证明了该算法的有效性和快速性。     

利用星地双向伪距数据进行钟差预报分析

给出了星地双向上下行伪距观测的数学模型。利用Compass-M1卫星2007-11-25~2007-11-30的实测数据进行了钟差计算,并利用计算结果分别采用3种方案进行了短期、长期钟差预报。总结了钟差预报精度随拟合时间的变化规律,分析了其产生的原因,并给出了有益的结论。     

A weighted difference barrier method in landscape genetics

Identifying barriers of species and characterize their effects on spatial distribution provide essential information to research in landscape genetics. We propose a weighted difference barrier (WDB) method as an alternative to maximum difference barriers (MDB), and to initiate and integrate more spatial modeling and methods into the problem solving process. Overall, WDB provides quick and straightforward improvements to the drawbacks of MDB. WDB integrates more sample location relationships into the barrier construction and reveals potential barriers that would otherwise go undetected. WDB incorporates both within group and between group genetic information, and delineates the barriers as a more complex pattern.

基于鲁棒Hausdorff距离和遗传搜索的快速匹配方法

采用SIFT算子提取特征点,减少图像数据量,针对传统Hausdorff距离对噪声、出格点较敏感的问题对其进行改进,并以改进后的鲁棒Hausdorff距离作为匹配测度,利用非遍历而又有效的遗传搜索策略进一步提高了匹配速度。对发生旋转变形和灰度变化的遥感影像进行模拟实验,实验结果证明了该算法的有效性和快速性。     

多源卫星高度计有效波高数据融合方法研究

有效波高数据融合可以弥补单颗卫星高度计数据存在的时间和空间分辨率不足的问题,为有效波高的海洋学应用提供更精确的分析资料.对反距离加权法、克里金插值法和逐步订正法等数据融合方法进行了研究,得到了适合于有效波高数据融合的模型和参数,并利用GFO,Jason-1和Envisat高度计获取的我国海域及其邻近海域有效波高数据,对不同融合方法、滤波器窗口和卫星个数等影响融合结果的因素进行了分析,结果表明:(1)融合后的有效波高分布特征与前人多年统计分析结果基本一致;(2)数据较密集时,不同融合方法的结果差别不大;(3)选择的滤波器窗口大小与时间分辨率有关,对于时间分辨率为10d的融合而言,采用2.5°×2.5°~3°×3°大小的滤波器窗口所得到的融合结果最合适;(4)参加融合的卫星个数至少为3颗.