属类概率距离构图的半监督高光谱图像分类

提出一种利用属类概率距离构图的半监督学习算法,并应用于高光谱图像分类。首先,该算法利用基于分类的稀疏表达方法来预估未标记样本的属类概率向量,然后,利用这个概率向量对描述数据相似性的距离函数进行改造,改造后的距离函数能有效扩大异类样本点之间的距离,在新的距离函数的度量下,每个样本点的邻域中可包含更多同类的样本点。最后,将该距离函数应用于半监督学习线性邻域传播算法和标签传播算法中。在Hyperion 和AVIRIS高光谱遥感图像上的实验结果表明：相比于传统的基于图的半监督学习算法,该算法能有效提高高光谱遥感图像分类精度。     

基于声暴露级向量的海洋工程噪声信号自动提取方法

为从海量的海洋原始噪声数据中快速和准确地提取海洋工程噪声信号,完善大型海洋工程的海洋噪声评估方法,文章提出基于声暴露级向量的海洋工程噪声信号自动提取方法,并进行实验验证。研究结果表明:基于声暴露级向量的信号自动提取方法实现的核心是计算疑似信号与样本信号声暴露级向量(包括声暴露级和有效时间长度)的标准化欧氏距离,结合变步长截取分析、半波包络双阈值触发和中心位置触发等方法,提高信号提取的效率和准确率;与传统的人工提取方法相比,该自动提取方法具有稳健、准确和高效的性能,可替代人工提取方法并广泛应用。     

The preparation of the town maps for Lysons' Magna Britannia

Abstract

Although methods of map preparation and production in the nineteenth century are generally understood, in truth little is known in detail. A rare opportunity to further understanding of the methods of the day is offered by the analysis of the surviving working documents and correspondence related to the production of town maps for Lysons' Magna Britannia. As methods of compilation and preparation become clearer, some of the resultant town maps appear more original and carefully created than previously thought, forcing a reassessment of their value as historical evidence.     

基于纹理特征的遥感影像监督分类

影像分类技术是遥感影像分析与解译的重要基础。纹理特征是影像的重要特征,本文主要实现基于纹理特征的遥感影像监督分类。首先对地物样本进行提取,通过样本训练统计各类地物纹理特征向量,建立纹理特征库;然后以各类地物的特征向量作为基准,采用最短距离分类器对影像进行分类;最后采用混淆矩阵对分类结果进行精度评定,并与ERDAS专业软件分类结果进行对比分析。实验证明,本分方法取得了与ERDAS软件相当的分类效果,从而验证本文方法的可靠性。     

测线稳定距离对航空重力测量的影响

航空重力测量中测线的长度的往往要长于测量区域,测线长出测量区域的长度就是留给航空重力仪必要的稳定距离。以2011年某地区的实际测量数据为例介绍了稳定距离对航空重力测量的精度的影响,数据处理结果表明,在平稳的气象条件下稳定距离不够则其交叉点重力异常不符值抗差后可以达到±12.0648mGal,交叉点重力异常不符值均值可以达到±16.9091mGal。     

XXIII INTERNATIONAL GEOGRAPHICAL CONGRESS,U.S.S.R.

Edward Jarvis in 1850 first demonstrated that admission rates to mental hospitals decrease with increasing residential distance, a relationship known today as “Jarvis's Law.” His original data are presented, mapped, and examined by regression analysis to better understand spatial and temporal patterns of mid-19th century mental hospital utilization. Distance substantially affected admission rates to a radius of about 60 miles from the institution in Massachusetts; and there was strong distance decay in the other states examined. For all twelve states, there was a positive association between age of the hospitals and admission rates, which also decreased with increasing residential distance.     

基于虚拟日变台进行地磁矢量数据日变通化方法

流动地震地磁矢量观测是一种获取地震前兆异常的方法,试验研究和观测实例表明,地震孕育引起的地磁场异常变化量级较小,因此在观测、数据处理过程中都要尽可能消除误差提高精度.本文主要从地磁矢量数据日变通化精度方面开展讨论,首先使用反距离加权插值法由泰安、武汉、崇明、杭州4个地磁台观测资料计算出蒙城地磁台相应的虚拟地磁数据,其磁偏角、水平分量、垂直分量三个要素与真实观测值的相关系数分别高达0.9987、0.9946和0.9806,验证了反距离加权插值方法对地磁观测数据空间插值的有效性.其次,选择东部和西部测区分别使用反距离加权插值方法建立各地磁矢量测点位置的虚拟日变台并用其进行通化,实例计算结果表明,该方法可有效提高日变通化精度,对于地磁台站稀疏地区更具实际应用价值.     

基于多尺度分析方法的近断层地震动特性分析

近断层长周期地震动是一类较特殊的破坏性地震动.为了深入探讨近断层地震动的低频分量组成及其脉冲特性,基于小波理论中的多尺度分析方法提出了一种地震动分量分解方法,据此可将一条地震动分解成频率各不相同的多条分量.首先从频域、时域以及动态响应三个方面阐述了该分解方法的有效性和精确性.进而采用这种方法对近期12次大地震中的53条典型近断层地震动进行了分解,共获得266条地震动分量.分析了近断层地震动中的长周期分量随场地、断层距等影响因素的变化特征;再以卓越分量作为最大脉冲的简化模型,探讨了速度幅值和脉冲周期随震级、断层距的变化关系.结果表明：近断层长周期地震动主要由周期为0.2~2 s的分量组成;近断层土层场地地震动中的长周期分量比岩石场地多;在0~15 km的近断层区域,随断层距的增加,地震动中长周期分量的比重明显减小;卓越分量的速度幅值PGV_p约为原始地震动速度幅值PGV的0.6倍,且两者之间具有明显的线性关系;PGV_p随断层距的增大而减小,随震级的增大而增大;卓越分量周期T_p随震级的增大呈对数线性增大趋势.     

中国西南地区强震烈度衰减模型的研究

本文将研究范围限定在西南地区,因其具有相似地形地貌特征和发震构造的区域,并选取1913年以来6.5级以上的典型震例作为研究对象,通过对数据的分析统计,得到了传统的烈度衰减椭圆模型不适用于7.0级以上强震的结论;根据烈度区域面积与震级、破裂长度与震级以及缓冲区分析的方法得到了更加符合强震烈度衰减规律的断层距模型;在面积统计关系对比和实际烈度分布的综合对比中,得到了适用于强震的较为合理的烈度衰减模型,并根据本文得到的烈度衰减规律,结合ArcGIS二次开发,编写了用于快速绘制等震线的控件.本文的研究结果对于震后快速评估和地震应急有着现实意义.     

A prediction model for horizontal run-out distance of landslides triggered by Wenchuan earthquake

The peak ground acceleration (PGA), the volume of a sliding mass V, the height of a mountain H _L and the slope angle θ of a mountain are four important parameters affecting the horizontal run-out distance of a landslide L. Correlations among them are studied statistically based on field investigations from 67 landslides triggered by the ground shaking and other factors during the Wenchuan earthquake, and then a prediction model for horizontal run-out distance L is developed in this study. This model gives due consideration to the implications of the above four parameters on the horizontal run-out distance L and the validity of the model is verified by the Donghekou and Magong Woqian landslides. At the same time, the advantages of the model are shown by comparing it with two other common prediction methods. The major findings drawn from the analyses and comparisons are: (1) an exponential relationship exists between L and log V, L and log H _L, L and log PGA separately, but a negative exponential relationship exists between L and log tanθ, which agrees with the statistical results; and (2) according to the analysis results of the relative relationship between the height of a mountain (H) and the place where the landslides occur, the probabilities at distances of 2H/3-H, H/3-2H/3, and 0-H/3 are 70.8%, 15.4%, and 13.8%, respectively, revealing that most landslides occurred at a distance of H/2-H. This prediction model can provide an effective technical support for the prevention and mitigation of landslide hazards.