煤与瓦斯突出预测的距离判别分析方法

以煤与瓦斯突出预测为研究对象,选取地质构造、采深、瓦斯放散初速度等10个因素作为预测指标,应用距离判别分析方法建立了煤与瓦斯突出预测模型;结合实际数据,对预测模型进行训练和检验;将该模型用于实际,预测结果符合实际情况。      

Physical controls on sand composition and relative durability of detrital minerals during ultra‐long distance littoral and aeolian transport (Namibia and southern Angola)

Sediment in coastal Namibia to southern Angola is supplied dominantly from the Orange River with minor additional fluvial input and negligible modifications by chemical processes, which makes this a great test case for investigating physical controls on sand texture and composition. This study monitored textural, mineralogical and geochemical variability in beach and aeolian‐dune sands along a ca 1750 km stretch of the Atlantic coast of southern Africa by using an integrated set of techniques, including image analysis, laser granulometry, optical microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and bulk‐sediment geochemistry. These results contrast with previous reports that feldspars and volcanic detritus break down during transport, that sand grains are rounded rapidly in shallow‐marine environments, and that quartzose sands may be produced by physical processes. Mechanical wear is unable to modify the relative abundance of detrital components, including pyroxene and mafic volcanic rock fragments traditionally believed to be destroyed rapidly. The sole exceptions are poorly lithified or cleaved sedimentary/metasedimentary rock fragments, readily lost at the transition to the marine environment, and slow‐settling flaky micas, winnowed and deposited offshore. Coastal sediments tend to be depleted in relatively mobile amphibole, preferentially entrained offshore or re‐deposited in sheltered beaches, while less mobile garnet is retained onshore. No detrital mineral displays a significant increase in grain roundness after 300 to 350 km of longshore transport in high‐energy littoral environments from the Orange mouth to south of the Namib Erg, but all minerals get rapidly rounded after passing into the dunefield. Pyroxene and opaques get rounded faster than harder quartz and garnet, but sand mineralogy remains unchanged. Excepting strong transient selective‐entrainment effects, physical processes are unable to modify sand composition significantly. Selective mechanical breakdown can be largely neglected in quantitative provenance analysis of sand and sandstone even in the case of ultra‐long‐distance transport in high‐energy environments dominated by strong persistent winds and waves.     

黄土粉尘搬运过程的动力学物理模型

通过对黄土粉尘重力沉降过程的动力学分析,给出了黄土粉尘粒度分布的数学表达,讨论了粉尘沉积通量随搬运距离、粒径变化的物理过程,首次确定了估算粉尘搬运距离和风力强度的计算方法,为区分粉尘搬运距离和风力强度对粒度的影响及其它们在冰期间冰期中的差异提供了物理学的判别依据。分析结果表明： 1)在重力沉降作用下,粉尘沉降通量随搬运距离的变化服从几何分布,具有沉降通量随搬运距离的增加迅速减小,越粗的粉尘颗粒其沉降通量初值越大,同时下降速度也越迅速的特点; 2)如果用携粉尘气流的水平通量作代表风力强度,则粉尘搬运距离与粒度分布曲线上重力沉降部分最高点的粉尘沉降通量成反比,风力强度与该点对应粒径的平方和粉尘搬运距离成正比。因此,根据该点的粉尘沉降通量和对应粒径,可以估算粉尘的搬运距离和风力强度。根据上述理论对渭南阳郭中学S0～L1黄土－古土壤剖面进行了粉尘搬运距离和风力强度的估算： 首先,从粒度分布中提取出3个对数正态分布的独立组份; 然后利用粗粒组份的参数计算粉尘搬运距离和风力强度。分析结果表明粉尘搬运距离具有冰期近、间冰期远的特点,风力强度的变化则具有冰期弱、间冰期强的特点,LGM时段的风力强度比MIS 3阶段大,但小于全新世适宜期,而LGM时期粉尘搬运距离并未明显减小,因此,可能黄土粒度的变化并非反映了冬季风的变化,而是反映了夏季风的变化,夏季风是通过影响粉尘源区来影响粉尘粒度的变化。     

Spatial Association of Mineral Occurrences and Curvilinear Geological Features

Qualitative and quantitative knowledge about the spatial association between mineral occurrences and geological features are important in mineral potential mapping. Two existing methods for quantifying spatial association between mineral occurrences and curvilinear geological features are applied to the Baguio district of the Philippines. An experimental method is described and applied to the study area as well. The results of the three methods are highly similar, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the experimental method presented here for quantifying spatial association between mineral occurrences and curvilinear geological features. It is shown that gold occurrence in the Baguio district are strongly spatially associated with northeasterly trending faults/fractures rather than with northwesterly trending faults/fractures. It is also shown that the spatial association between the gold occurrence and older batholithic intrusives is stronger than the spatial association between gold occurrence and younger porphyry intrusives. These spatial geoinformation characteristics can be used as evidential data layers in GIS-based mineral potential mapping.     

基于《建筑抗震设计规范》强度包线函数参数取值研究

利用《中国地震动参数区划图》采用的地震动参数衰减关系,以及《中国地震动参数区划图》中地震动峰值加速度和地震动加速度反应谱特征周期反推不同设防烈度和设计地震分组对应的震级和震中距,再根据《建筑抗震设计规范》中各设防水准的峰值加速度确定对应的震级和震中距,进而根据地震动强度包线参数与震级和震中距关系计算地震动强度包线参数的取值,为基于强度包线函数生成人工地震动提供参考,并讨论强度包线参数的取值规律：(1)随着设防烈度的提高,加速度时程曲线上升段持续时间t₁和平稳段持续时间t_s减小,下降段衰减指数c增大;(2)随着地震水准和设计地震分组的提高,加速度时程曲线上升段持续时间t₁和平稳段持续时间t_s增加,下降段衰减指数c减小;(3)在生成人工地震动时,除考虑峰值加速度和设计地震分组影响外,还需要考虑设防烈度影响。     

169km以远地壳质量的重力校正值高精度计算及其数值特征

以前国内重力勘探教科书中,关于2.0 km以远地壳质量重力校正值的计算仅限于2.0~166.7 km圆形环带以内,并且采用的是直角坐标系内成立的计算公式。近年,中国地质调查局推出直角坐标系公式和球坐标系公式一起应用的重力校正值计算程序,但校正值计算涉及范围仍然局限于2.0~166.7 km圆形环带内。笔者曾推导出球壳型六面体重力场△g(zi)公式和其他与重力校正计算相关的公式,现用这些公式开展纯球坐标系内地壳质量的重力校正值高精度计算及其数值特征研究。取得的成果是:1全球陆地和海洋表面、尺度约40 km正方形网格上,169km以远地壳全部质量重力校正值计算;2中国陆地2'×2'网格上,169 km以远地壳全部质量重力校正值计算;3西藏雅江大转弯3°×2°小区地表、尺度约0.556 km正方形网格上,169 km以远地壳全部质量重力校正值计算。通过对上述全球和局部地区169 km以远地壳质量的重力校正值分布特征分析,得到如下结论:1全球重力校正值的最大值、最小值和平均值分别为106.990×10-5m/s2(87.877°E,32.271°N),-41.146×10-5m/s2(166.122°E,28.327°N)和-16.439×10-5m/s2,其数值分布特征与全球高程/海深分布特征基本一致。2在局部地区,169~1 272 km大环带的地壳质量的陆地地形校正值分布特征与该区高程分布特征基本一致。这说明,在地形高程差异大的地区,重力校正值中存在与地形高程正相关的高频成分,与以前众多专家的认识大不相同。实际上,该高频成分是由计算区本身相邻计算点之间存在较大的高程差值引起的。3无论局部地区及其周围陆高或海深变化多么大,1 272 km以远地壳质量的重力校正值均近似为数值很小的常数,可以不计算。4当局部地区及其周围高程或海深变化均很平缓时,169 km以远地壳全部质量的重力校正值也近似为常数,也可以不计算。此成果对于完善地壳质量重力校正值高精度计算有重要意义。     

低渗透储层水平井-直井联合布井极限注采井距研究

低渗透储层水平井-直井联合布井技术具有广泛的应用前景,其布井方式至关重要。首先利用劈分流场的方法直观地给出常规储层水平井-直井联合布井的产能评价方法;然后针对低渗透储层的渗流特点,在考虑启动压力梯度条件下建立新的井网渗流物理模型并求解得到产能评价公式;最后经分析计算给出启动压力梯度影响的面积井网极限注采井距关系曲线。研究结果为低渗透储层部署水平井-直井联合井网提供理论依据。     

全站仪垂距测量代替二、三、四等水准测量的研究

全站仪垂距测量进行高程测量,是基于三角高程测量和水准测量原理,在测点中间安置全站仪,不量仪器高和棱镜高,通过观测垂距以进行高差测量.经过理论分析和实验验证,精度可以达到二等水准,在丘陵低山地区,可以代替二、三、四等级水准测量.     

欧氏距离法在电测深找水中应用的可行性探讨

探讨了欧氏距离公式在电测深找水定量对比分析中的应用,并对几组数据进行计算分析,获得了较佳效果。