第四纪地层中断层同震错动行为的离心机试验研究

运用试验地球物理学的原理和方法来研究认识当地震发生时在第四纪地层中断层同震错动行为的有关特征,为减轻地震灾害相关问题进行基础研究.原创了在试验模型中预制断层的方法来模拟第四纪地层中存在的断层,用离心机模拟试验研究第四纪地层中不同活动年代、不同上断点深度断层的同震错动行为,特别是地表破坏(地表形变和破裂)特征,取得了新的明确认识,给出了不同场地条件下建设工程应对地震地表破裂造成直接破坏的避让距离.因此这项工作不但有着基础科研意义,而且具有对工程建设防震减灾的实际应用意义.     

Influence of ground motion spatial variation,site condition and SSI on the required separation distances of bridge structures to avoid seismic pounding

It is commonly understood that earthquake ground excitations at multiple supports of large dimensional structures are not the same. These ground motion spatial variations may significantly influence the structural responses. Similarly, the interaction between the foundation and the surrounding soil during earthquake shaking also affects the dynamic response of the structure. Most previous studies on ground motion spatial variation effects on structural responses neglected soil–structure interaction (SSI) effect. This paper studies the combined effects of ground motion spatial variation, local site amplification and SSI on bridge responses, and estimates the required separation distances that modular expansion joints must provide to avoid seismic pounding. It is an extension of a previous study (Earthquake Engng Struct. Dyn. 2010; 39 (3):303–323), in which combined ground motion spatial variation and local site amplification effects on bridge responses were investigated. The present paper focuses on the simultaneous effect of SSI and ground motion spatial variation on structural responses. The soil surrounding the pile foundation is modelled by frequency‐dependent springs and dashpots in the horizontal and rotational directions. The peak structural responses are estimated by using the standard random vibration method. The minimum total gap between two adjacent bridge decks or between bridge deck and adjacent abutment to prevent seismic pounding is estimated. Numerical results show that SSI significantly affects the structural responses, and cannot be neglected. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Neural network estimation of duration of strong ground motion using Japanese earthquake records

The duration of strong motion has a significant influence on the severity of ground shaking. In this work, a combination of average values of four geophysical properties of site (Standard Penetration Test (SPT) blow count, primary wave velocity, shear wave velocity, and density of soil) including hypocentral distance of less than 50 km and magnitudes more than 5.0 from Japanese ground motion records were used for development of neural network model, to estimate duration of strong ground motion. Since majority of strong motion databases provide only average shear wave velocity for site characterization, an attempt has also been made to train the neural network with magnitude, hypocentral distance and average shear wave velocity as three input variables. Results obtained from this study show that the duration of strong motion is mostly dependent on average shear wave velocity rather than other geophysical properties of site.     

Estimation of rainfall distribution for the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Rainfall is the most important input parameter for water resource planning and hydrological studies because flood risk assessment, rainfall harvesting and runoff estimation depend on the rainfall distribution within a region. Due to practical and economic factors, it is not possible to site rainfall stations everywhere, so representative rainfall stations are sited at specific locations. Rainfall distribution is then estimated from such stations. In this study, rainfall distribution in the southwestern region of Saudi Arabia was estimated using kriging, co-kriging and inverse distance weighted (IDW) methods. Historical records of rainfall from 47 stations for the period 1965–2010 and the altitude of these stations were used. The study shows that co-kriging is a better interpolator than the kriging and IDW methods, with a better correlation between actual and estimated monthly average rainfall for the region.     

Damage‐based seismic planar pounding analysis of adjacent symmetric buildings considering inelastic structure–soil–structure interaction

In cities and urban areas, building structures located at close proximities inevitably interact under dynamic loading by direct pounding and indirectly through the underlying soil. Majority of the previous adjacent building pounding studies that have taken the structure–soil–structure interaction (SSSI) problem into account have used simple lumped mass–spring–dashpot models under plane strain conditions. In this research, the problem of SSSI‐included pounding problem of two adjacent symmetric in plan buildings resting on a soft soil profile excited by uniaxial earthquake loadings is investigated. To this end, a series of SSSI models considering one‐directional nonlinear impact elements between adjacent co‐planar stories and using a method for direct finite element modeling of 3D inelastic underlying soil volume has been developed to accurately study the problem. An advanced inelastic structural behavior parameter, the seismic damage index, has been considered in this study as the key nonlinear structural response of adjacent buildings. Based on the results of SSSI and fixed base case analyses presented herein, two main problems are investigated, namely, the minimum building separation distance for pounding prevention and seismic pounding effects on structural damage in adjacent buildings. The final results show that at least three times, the International Building Code 2009 minimum distance for building separation recommended value is required as a clear distance for adjacent symmetric buildings to prevent the occurrence of seismic pounding. At the International Building Code‐recommended distance, adjacent buildings experienced severe seismic pounding and therefore significant variations in storey shear forces and damage indices. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

九台地区岩质边坡稳定性及运动过程评价方法探讨

文章对九台地区岩质边坡的稳定性及运动过程进行了评价方法的探讨,通过岩质边坡的发育特征,分析了边坡失稳的原因,通过赤平投影图与离散元数值模拟对边坡的稳定性进行了分析,并对边坡崩塌的范围进行了预测,为边坡的稳定性计算提供借鉴参考.     

爆破振动参数在地质灾害鉴定中的运用

本文论述爆破振动参数在地质灾害鉴定中的运用。指出在作爆破振动地质灾害鉴定时,除对建筑物的设计、建筑材料、建筑史、用途、结构、内外环境、地基基础、变形特征进行详细的了解记录外,还必须了解其爆破源点与被鉴定对象之间的地质环境,确定其与地形地质条件有关的系数K,衰减指数α,鉴定对象的最大振幅对应的频率、速度、爆破点的位置及炸药用量,计算振动的安全距离与剖面图上两者之间距离进行比较,为鉴定提出合理的证据。     

北京顺义地裂缝带的活动特征及减灾措施

本文详细调查了北京顺义地裂缝带的展布和成灾特征,实测了地裂缝灾害最为严重的橡胶二厂内地裂缝的位置和建筑物破坏范围,并综合已有关于顺义地裂缝成因的研究,认为顺义地裂缝带的防治应以控制地下水的开采为根本措施。基于地裂缝的发育程度及成灾特点,在不考虑构造因素的前提下,提出了橡胶二厂建筑用地规划中安全距离的避让方案,即以主破裂带为中心基准线,西北侧建筑安全距离为12m,东南侧建筑安全距离为16m。     

模糊理论在遥感图像分类中的应用

利用2000年假彩色遥感图像,采用模糊C-均值法中的欧氏距离和马氏距离法对崇明东滩的遥感图像进行了处理。通过对白色覆盖物、未耕种土地、一号水稻田、水体和二号水稻田的分类结果表明,欧氏距离的聚类结果优于马氏距离。     

羌塘盆地戈木错地区天然气水合物地震探测

戈木错测区位于羌塘盆地中央隆起带北缘,在该区开展的天然气水合物区域地质调查成果表明该区具有较好生成天然气水合物的外部气源条件,输导构造条件、冻土条件、藏保条件,并圈定了天然气水合物有利区块.为研究适合于探测冻土区天然气水合物的地震方法技术和更好地勘探有利于天然气水合物分布区,在该区开展了浅层和中深层反射地震对比试验及勘查工作.试验结果表明:除浅层地震方法获得的地震剖面的分辨率较高和探测深度较浅外,在浅层和中深层反射地震剖面上反映的地质构造和地层分布特征类似.根据地震探测结果制作了测区地质构造图,依据测区地质资料和其他物化探资料,参考木里地区已知天然气水合物储层反射波的属性预测了测区天然气水合物有利分布区,并提出了验证孔位建议.