基于城市尺度的中国区域经济 增长差异及其因素分解

区域经济差异一直是地理学与经济学的重要研究领域。文章以中国地级及以上城市为区域分析单元对1999~2004年间中国区域经济增长及其差异进行了考察。首先基于GDP及其变化与人均GDP水平,对各城市区域经济增长类型进行划分并分析了不同类型城市的区域差异性;其次,对中国各城市GDP增长进行了空间和因素分解。研究发现,一些经济相对衰落的省区中仍然存在经济相对崛起的城市,且一个城市的经济规模在所属省区的序位变化在很大程度上能够反映其在全国的经济规模序位的变化;资本要素对于中国各城市第二产业GDP增长产生了广泛而重要的影响,但是城市在实现资本拉动驱动下的经济增长的同时,资本的产出效率并没有提高。我国十五期间,各城市第二产业专业化程度的普遍降低,表明劳动力要素对第二产业经济增长的作用是有限的。     

耕地非农化与收入差距关系的实证研究

在已有研究的基础上,引入收入差距因素,以1988-2004年为样本期,选取年内建设占用耕地新增数量和基尼系数两个指标,运用Granger因果分析方法,探讨了两者间的因果关系.结果表明:耕地非农化与收入差距之间存在着双向的因果关系:滞后3期的耕地非农化是收入差距扩大的原因;滞后4期的收入差距扩大又导致了耕地非农化的加快.基于此认识,提出了慎重对待耕地非农化过程、合理分配耕地非农化收益、建立健全社会保障体系等建议,为耕地非农化的调控提供参考.     

Physical structure of geographical environment—Integrity and disparity,generality and individuality

Integrity and disparity are two of the basic characteristics implied in the scientific connotation of the physical environment as a material system. From a dialectical materialistic point of view the physical character of geographical environment of the earth surface is the unity in diversity. It is on such grounds that the two basic characteristics were put forth by the author in his monograph “Physical Structure of South American Geographical Environment” as the underlying theme. This holds true for the hierarchy of physical regions. For instance, the physical environment of the earth surface in unity behaves as a huge whole, yet, in differentiation into continents, it displays disparity; each continent differs from others and becomes an integrity in its own right. The same is true of regions of lower levels. In the case of generality and individuality of regional types and their constituent distributive areas in different continents, the same relationship exists among them. Owing to similar origin each type and its distributive areas in different continents bear the general character in common. On the other hand, each area expresses its own peculiarities, resulting from the interactions of the specific conditions of the continent in which lies the area concerned. In addition, the South American tropical west-coast desert exemplifies an observable dynamic changes of the physical structure of geographical environment from aid to humid and vice versa with the wax and wane of E1 Nino.     

高铁站可达性与城乡居民收入差异空间分异研究

随着中国高速铁路迅速发展,高铁站可达性与城乡居民收入差异的关系逐渐成为学术热点问题。在梳理已有研究基础上,论文首先系统揭示了高铁站可达性影响城乡居民收入差异的理论机制;然后通过构建城乡居民收入差异和高铁站可达性指标,并选取2010—2017年全国地级市数据,基于邻近矩阵构建空间杜宾模型,开展了高铁站可达性对城乡居民收入差异空间分异影响研究。结果表明：① 全国层面,高铁站可达性显著正向影响城乡居民收入差异,并且存在显著的空间溢出效应;② 区域层面,高铁站可达性对中西部地区城乡收入差异具有显著正向影响作用,对东部地区城乡居民收入影响则不明显;③ 时间维度,分2010—2014、2010—2015、2010—2016、2010—2017年几个不同时间段来看,高铁站可达性影响城乡居民收入差异的空间溢出效应总体呈现上升趋势,但2010—2017年的空间溢出效应开始减弱。优化新增高铁站区域布局、统筹城乡交通基础设施建设是实现城乡居民收入差异缩小的重要途径。     

Effects of Industrial Relocation on Chinese Regional Economic Growth Disparities: Based on System Dynamics Modeling

The economic growth of China has led to increasing growth disparities between regions. Such disparities are uncontrolled and are severely negative symptoms in the process of economic development. On the basis of system dynamics （SD） modeling and the rela- tionship between industrial relocation and regional economic growth, we construct a model of the interrelationship between the two aforementioned phenomena. The model is an effective and creative exploration for examining effects of industrial relocation on Chinese regional economic growth disparities. The SD model is employed in this study to build an inter-regional labor migration SD model, an inter-regional capital migration SD model, an intra-industry SD model, an intra-regional population SD model, and an intra-regional SD model which are based on realities in labor and capital flow from the view of industrial relocation. VENSIM software is utilized to per- form a system simulation based on the data of the eastern, middle, and western regions from 2000 to 2010. Results show that indus- trial relocation gradually narrows the relative disparity in GDP among the three regions. Moreover, the absolute one is enlarged con- tinuously. The absolute and relative disparities in per capita GDP among eastern, middle, and western regions generally exhibit de- creasing trends.