地下水资源开发过程中的异常涨落和水量失调期

从地下水系统演化的角度, 提出在大规模开采条件下, 地下水系统存在异常涨落和水量失调现象, 认为正确认识这些现象不仅对深入了解地下水资源属性有着理论意义, 而且对制定地下水资源—经济—环境三者之间协调发展的地下水资源开发策略也有着重要的现实意义.      

不平衡铀系定年的新技术突破——高精度、高灵敏度238U-234U-230Th同位素质谱测定和应用

80年代中期发展起来的高精度、高灵敏度不平衡铀系热电离质谱定年新技术是同位素定年技术的一次革命性突破，并已在古气候、古环境、古海洋、考古学以及近代火山—岩浆作用研究中取得了一系列重要成果，本文介绍了这方面的研究进展。这一新技术已引起越来越广泛的重视，显示出巨大的应用前景。尽快开展不平衡铀系热电离质谱定年技术的应用，对提高我国的高分辩率第四纪年代学分析技术和应用研究水平有重要意义。     

Fate of particle-reactive pollutants in the Xiamen Bay

INTRODUCTIONItiswel1knownthattheabilitytopredictthetransportationandfateofPOllutantsinthecoastalenvironmentsisimportanttothemanagementofmarineenvironments,toconservingma-rineorganismsandsafeguardinghumanhealth.ThegeochemicalbehaviourofPOllutantsinama-rineecosystemisgenerallygovernedbybiologicaldegradation,photodegradation,volatilization,waterexchange,incorPorationintosediments,etc.TheincorPOrationofPollutantsinestuarineorcoastalsediments,viaanassociationwithsettlingparticles,hasbeenrec…     

铀系不平衡与洋中脊下的岩浆形成及其迁移过程

综述了20多年来洋中脊新生玄武岩中铀系不平衡研究成果,分析了铀系不平衡的形成机制和主要影响因素,并探讨了铀系不平衡研究中的一些问题。结果表明:(1)玄武质岩浆中230Th/238U不平衡可能产生于石榴子石稳定的深部源区,也可能来自230Th的"内部增长"(in-growth),过剩230Th更可能形成于含铝单斜辉石;(2)226Ra/230Th不平衡可能来自岩浆的形成过程,也可能来自岩浆迁移过程;(3)铀系不平衡与岩浆滞留时间和上升速率紧密相关,226Ra的大量过剩显示,这个不平衡事件形成于8ka以内,如果不考虑玄武质岩浆迁移过程的事件,则意味着岩浆迁移时间不超过8ka。提出当前亟待解决的问题:①准确模拟地幔部分熔融条件并测定铀系子体在熔体/地幔残留相间的分配系数;②提出更合理的结晶分异模型;③探索流体对226Ra/230Th不平衡的影响。     

U–Th dating of carbonate nodules from methane seeps off Joetsu, Eastern Margin of Japan Sea

We performed U–Th radioactive disequilibrium analyses of carbonate nodules and sediment samples recovered from methane seep sites off Joetsu, of the eastern margin of Japan Sea, to decipher the active period of the methane seep. The carbonates contain ²³⁰Th, part of which is located in detritus such as silicate and organics, at the time of precipitation. The initial ²³⁰Th renders accurate dating with U–Th radioactive disequilibrium method difficult. We assessed the feasibility of correction using radioactive disequilibrium data of ambient sediment to overcome this difficulty. A (²³⁰Th/²³²Th)–(²³⁴U/²³²Th) isochron drawn by three chips divided from a carbonate nodule (PC05-04-50) passed through data points of local sediments. We conclude that the problem of initial ²³⁰Th can be resolved by measurements of local sediments. Results show that carbonate nodules include local sediment as impurities. Furthermore, the results of trace element analyses such as Rb, Zr, Nb, REE, Pb, and Th also support the idea.In all, 18 carbonate samples were dated with correction of initial ²³⁰Th using the mean value of local sediment in this study. The U–Th correction ages show 12–35ka with an isochron age of 26 ± 3ka. Results indicate that during the time interval of U–Th ages, from 12ka to 35ka, environmental conditions must have been favorable for enhanced methane flux through sediment. The extensive methane flow period at 20ka accords with the lowest-stand sea level during the last glacial age. Results of this study also suggest that U–Th ages of carbonate are useful as a reliable chronometer with regard to methane seep activation. In order to acquire U–Th ages of carbonate at methane seep sites, however, it is important to evaluate the amount of initial ²³⁰Th accurately using the value of sediment.     

Incomplete high P–T metamorphic transitions within the Kvamsøy pyroxenite complex, west Norway: a case study of disequilibrium

Abstract The Kvamsøy pyroxenite complex consists of olivine websterite, olivine gabbro and leucogabbro-norite which have been subjected to regional high P-T (HPT) metamorphism. The metamorphism has resulted in a range of disequilibrium textures with the development of coronas and pseudomorphism of the igneous phases. Reactions between felsic and mafic mineral domains have been controlled by variable and selective diffusion of elements, resulting in a variety of local plagioclase-breakdown reactions and in significant compositional variations for the product garnet. Restricted diffusion favours transient reaction stages with garnet ± spinel ± corundum ± zoisite after calcic plagioclase in olivine gabbro and olivine websterite and garnet ± spinel ± kyanite ± quartz + sodic plagioclase in leucogabbro-norite. Complete HPT reaction has produced garnet pyroxenite which consists of garnet + diopside + hornblende + zoisite in gabbroic rocks, while amphibolitization continued during the cooling and uplift history. Grt + Ky + Pl + Qtz geobarometry suggests pressures in the range 13-16 kbar for T = 750°C, comparable with the regional eclogite-forming metamorphism.     

Allt Odhar and Dalcharn: Two pre-Late Devensian/Late Weichselian sites in northern Scotland

The lithostratigraphy and biostratigraphy of two sites (Allt Odhar and Dalcharn) in north-central Scotland are described, where pollen spectra of temperate affinity have been obtained from organic deposits that underlie till. The pollen record from Allt Odhar, in association with evidence from plant macrofossils and Coleoptera, shows the expansion of birch woodland and its eventual replacement by open grassland under a climatic regime slightly cooler than that prevailing in the northern highlands of Scotland at the present day. The organic sediments accumulated during an Early Devensian interstadial episode, which has been dated by the uranium series disequilibrium method to ca. 106 ka BP. Evidence for one and possibly two Devensian glaciations may be preserved at the site. The pollen record from Dalcharn, by contrast, reflects the middle and later stages of an interglacial cycle with the transition from pine forest to grassland. The overlying till sequence contains evidence of at least two separate glacial episodes. The age of the warm stage cannot be established precisely on present evidence, but there are indications that it may predate the last (Ipswichian) interglacial. These are the first sites from the mainland of Scotland to provide evidence of wooded conditions during interstadial and interglacial episodes of the Middle/Late Pleistocene.     

高铁新时代下中国铁路交通可达性分布格局及其均衡程度的研究

基于交通可达性指数对2009—2016年期间中国主要城市的交通可达性及其区域差异进行了比较分析,整体上所有主要城市的交通可达性均得到了大幅提升。从范围上来看,无论时间可达性还是经济可达性,东部城市都高于中部和西部城市。高铁建设导致经济活动向区域中心城市的集聚,经济可达性的分布呈现出显著的以各区域中心城市为核心的“中心-外围”结构。但集聚外溢效应同样存在,这种外溢效应主要集中在中心城市的近邻地区,向周边中等规模以上城市扩展。这些现象说明我国区域间交通成本仅仅出现了中等程度的下降,由此导致区域经济集聚程度的提高,尚处在交通成本与区域经济差距之间“倒U字曲线”的中前期阶段。     

豫皖湘赣承接产业转移与创新产出的非均衡格局及影响因素研究

采用地理集中度、不均衡指数、不一致指数及地理加权回归对豫皖湘赣57个地级市2010—2016年承接产业转移与创新产出的非均衡格局及影响因素进行研究。结果表明：1）产业转移集中度指数变化较小但各地区之间产业转移集聚格局变化较为显著,总体上集中度高和较高的地区分布在豫北、豫中、皖中、皖南以及赣北地区;2）创新产出空间差异显著,呈现出以芜湖和郑州为中心向四周扩散的格局;3）豫皖湘赣地区大部分地区的承接产业转移与创新产出能力呈现出较强的不一致性;不均衡指数波动较大,呈现出上升、缓慢下降、快速上升的趋势;4）从影响因素回归系数来看,平均工资和教育占财政支出百分比与不一致指数成负相关,网络通讯发展水平与不一致指数呈正相关,而集聚效应与不一致状况关系较为复杂,具体表现为豫皖湘赣东部合肥等地和西部怀化等地为正高集聚区和北部郑州等地和南部赣州等地为负高值集聚区。