湖南宝山花岗闪长质岩石混合成因证据探讨

通过对湖南宝山花岗闪长质岩石岩相学特征研究,发现存在较多矿物不平衡结构,如富Ca的斜长石熔蚀核,黑云母、石英嵌晶结构,暗色镶边的眼球状石英,针状磷灰石、辉石、黑云母共存等现象,表明宝山花岗闪长质岩石为基性岩浆与酸性岩浆的混合成因;主微量元素分析结果进一步证实了岩体属于混合成因的观点。该结论为壳幔相互作用提供了岩石学依据。     

东濮凹陷白庙地区古近系超压成因机理

综合超压成因机理的各种分析方法,从压实不均衡、生烃作用两方面对白庙地区的超压成因机理进行了系统的分析.研究结果表明,泥岩声波时差曲线表现为两段式线性演化,其拐点深度为3 100 m左右.一方面,白庙地区实测超压顶界面深度约为2 800～3 050m,说明是压实不均衡作用导致了该区超压的形成;另一方面,超压顶界面埋深与生烃高峰深度表现出良好的一致性,在3 050 m深度其镜质体反射率R0值为1.0%,说明生烃作用对白庙地区超压的发育亦具有一定的贡献,由此认为,压实不均衡和生烃增压作用是白庙地区超压发育的主要机理.     

莺歌海盆地泥-流体底辟构造成因机制与天然气运聚

莺歌海盆地的泥 -流体底辟构造发育演化是区域构造应力场变化和超压体系形成演化的结果。与盆地构造类型密切相关的不均衡压实和热作用引起盆地超压体系的发育 ,而区域构造应力场变化则导致盆地中中新世以泥底辟作用为主 ,晚中新世—第四纪以流体底辟作用为主 ,其中 ,早期泥底辟阶段形成的构造形态对晚期流体底辟作用有显著的控制作用。在莺歌海组浅层底辟圈闭中 ,圈闭形成期与中新统气源岩生烃过程的匹配是造成含不同天然气组分的流体发生幕式充注的主要原因     

Local disequilibrium of plagioclase in high-temperature shear zones of the Ivrea Zone, Italy

Abstract Microstructural and chemical analysis of plagioclase in 20 superficially similar amphibolite facies ductile shear zones in metagabbors and amphibolites of the Ivrea Zone in Italy reveals significant differences in An and Ba contents. Plagioclase, which was deformed at P-T conditions lower than those of the wall rocks, occurs in the following four different microstructural situations with different chemical compositions: (i) relatively undeformed porphyroclasts, (ii) dynamically recrystallized grains and subgrains rimming the porphyroclasts, (iii) infill of microcracks cross-cutting the porphyroclasts and (iv) fine-grained recrystallized grains in the matrix of the shear zones. The differences in the An and Ba contents are caused by partial chemical equilibration of plagioclase in the shear zones during and partly after deformation. Changes in An and Ba contents were caused by fluid-assisted grain-boundary migration recrystallization, as well as by solid-state diffusion, while fluid activity was high. The relation between the composition and microstructures of the plagioclase in the shear zones indicates that in the different shear zones, fluids ceased to be active during different stages in the late shear zone deformation history.
The interpretation of the variations in composition and microstructures reveals that only grains that developed by grain-boundary migration recrystallization and that are not adjacent to porphyroclasts reflect P-T conditions during the dominant shear-zone deformation.     

川东北地区须家河组致密砂岩气藏异常高压成因

对川东北地区各种超压潜在成因的系统分析结果表明,欠压实作用不是异常高压成因,现今异常高压主要由天然气的充注增压(充气作用)和中燕山—喜山期的强烈构造挤压形成。利用SRK实际气体状态方程对元坝、通南巴气田充气增压贡献进行了计算:元坝气田天然气的充注增压平均为25.21MPa,平均增压幅度60.86%;通南巴气田天然气的充注增压平均为45.81 MPa,平均增压幅度72.04%。其余主要为构造挤压增压,增压幅度在元坝、通南巴气田分别为39.14%和27.96%。中燕山—喜山期构造挤压活动强度的差异控制了应力释放区的分布和储层抬升降温降压的幅度,从而控制了现今压力场平面分布特征。通南巴地区由于晚期强烈的构造挤压活动,使其现今正处于应力充分释放的泄压区,充气增压、构造挤压之后降压过程的发生是其现今超压强度较低的主要原因。     

234Th/238U disequilibrium and particulate organic carbon export in the northwestern South China Sea

234 Th was utilized as a tracer of particulate organic carbon (POC) export in the northwestern South China Sea (SCS) on the basis of the data collected at four stations during a spring cruise.Depth profiles of dissolved and particulate 234 Th activities were measured in the upper 60 m,showing a significant deficit relative to 238 U over the investigated stations.A stratified structure of 234 Th-238 U disequilibrium was in general observed in the upper 60 m water column,indicating that the euphotic zone of t...     

Reconstruction of the exhumation path of the Alpe Arami'ql garnet-peridotite body from depths exceeding 160 km

Chemical disequilibrium exists between all phases of the Alpe Arami garnet-peridotite body (Ticino, Switzerland) which hampers the evaluation of P–T  conditions of origin, yet disequilibrium offers the inherent possibility to derive a P–T–t path for this mantle slice. We tried to tackle this problem by carrying out new mineral analyses and taking diffusion rates and bulk-rock compositional effects into consideration. Peak metamorphic conditions from mineral core compositions were estimated as 1120±50 °C/5±0.2 GPa. These values are significantly higher than previously published results and were determined from a combination of the O'Neill & Wood (1979) Fe/Mg garnet–olivine exchange thermometer and the Al-in-orthopyroxene barometer (Brey & Köhler, 1990), and are supported by the Ca/Cr ratios in garnet, which are in accord with these conditions. Details of the exhumation path were derived from (1) rim compositions of minerals that yield a first retrograde stage of 720±50 °C/2±0.25 GPa (2) a spinel lherzolite assemblage in narrow shear zones (tectonic phase F0', after Möckel, 1969) which documents a second retrograde stage at 500–600 °C/0.8–1.5 GPa. The Ca content in olivine (Köhler & Brey, 1989) can be used to evaluate further P–T  conditions along the retrograde path. We measured very low values (30–40  ppm Ca) in the cores of olivine and a remarkable increase towards the rim (120  ppm). The low core values may reflect an equilibrium stage during the main Alpine metamorphism. The increasing values towards the olivine rims probably represent a late-stage heating event. The initial cooling rates for the peridotite body are between 2700 and 5100 °C Ma⁻¹, depending on which diffusion data are used.     

南海NS90－103沉积物柱样沉积年代研究

本文结合浮游有孔虫氧同位素地层学和不平衡铀系测定沉积速率的方法来确立取自南沙海域的沉积物柱样（ＮＳ９０－１０３）的时间坐标、根据连续取样获得的δ（１８）Ｏ曲线可以将该柱划分为７个主要气候期次，底部（５５０ｃｍ）相当于氧同位素第７．４阶到第７．５阶之间，年龄约２３８ｋａ；而根据不平衡铀系的过量（２３０）Ｔｈ方法获得２．３ｃｍ／ｋａ的沉积速率，计算出底部年龄为２３９ｋａ；两个结果在误差范围内完全一致。     

U-series disequilibrium in arc magmas induced by water-magma interaction

Volcanic rocks from subduction zones are widely believed to originate by partial melting of mantle lherzolite modified by the addition of a fluid or melt extracted from the down-going slab. U-series disequilibrium in such magmas is commonly attributed to this particular melting process. A detailed study of U-series isotopes in the 650 y. B.P. eruptive sequence of Mt. Pelée (Martinique) shows that plinian products are in radioactive equilibrium, whereas dome-forming products of the same eruption are characterized by ²³⁸U-²³⁰Th disequilibrium. The same features apply to other plinian and dome-forming products of this volcano and systematically correspond to different eruptive styles. We attribute these characteristics to variable superficial interaction of magmas with the hydrothermal system during the final stages of eruption rather than to deep magma genesis processes. This conclusion might be generally applicable to arc magmas.     

Tracing and dating recent chemical transfers in weathering profiles by trace-element geochemistry and U---U---Th disequilibria: the example of the Kaya lateritic toposequence (Burkina-Faso)

The paper presents a synthesis of the approach recently developed to constrain the nature and the age of recent element mobility in weathering profiles. The approach relies on a comparison of variations of trace elements and U-series disequilibria in weathering profiles. It is exemplified in the case of old lateritic profiles from the Kaya toposequence, Burkina Faso. Trace elements and ²³⁸U---²³⁴U---²³⁰Th disequilibria have been analysed in whole rock samples from two pits located in very contrasted topographical positions. Trace element data show that the whole toposequence is marked by an intense chemical remobilization, including uranium, from the cap to the lower part of the profiles. ²³⁸U---²³⁴U---²³⁰Th disequilibrium data outline that all the levels of the profiles are affected by recent U---Th fractionations, and that each level of the toposequence is marked by U gains and losses. The chronological approach developed in this paper leads to an age of about 400 kyr for the dismantling of the iron cap, and ages ranging from 0 to 400 kyr for U accumulation in the pink clay horizon of the profiles. The depth repartition of U accumulation in the profile implies that the remobilisation processes in this toposequence varied through time, on time constants similar to those of climatic variations. To cite this article: F. Chabaux et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).