Evaluation of Bearing Capacity for Multi-Layered Clay Deposits with Geosynthetic Reinforcement using Discrete Element Method

A stability analysis of reinforced foundation soil is presented in this paper. A method based on the discrete element method (DEM) is suggested for calculating the bearing capacity on strip footings over multilayer soils reinforced with a horizontal layer of geosynthetics. The proposed method can estimate the ultimate bearing capacity and the distribution of tensile force developed in the geosynthetics of the footing system by Winkler springs to account for the compatibility between soil blocks and tensile elements to consider the tensile behavior between soil and geosynthetics. For footings on various multilayer soils with or without reinforcement of geosynthetics, the results of the method were compared to the field test results as well as to those obtained by various methods proposed by other researchers.     

基于离散裂隙网络模型的节理岩体渗透张量及特性分析

节理岩体几何结构非常复杂,研究其渗流特性对于指导含水岩层稳定性分析具有重要价值。应用离散裂隙网络模型DFN方法,基于VC++6.0软件平台,建立了平面渗流分析方法,分析了节理岩体不同几何分布情况下的渗透率张量特征,通过定义渗流定向性系数对岩体渗流的定向性特征进行了定量分析。结果表明：单组节理岩体渗流具有明显的各向异性特征,渗流定向性随着节理角度变化显著;节理随着节理贯通性增加,节理渗透率呈现对数增加趋势;两组节理情况下,各向异性特征随着节理组间夹角变化;两组节理岩体渗流特征研究中,正交分布下,岩体仍存在各向异性,但渗流定向性系数较低;当节理倾角服从正态分布时,随着节理倾角标准差增大,渗透率增加;两组节理夹角不同时,节理渗透主方向倾角随着夹角增大而相应增大,基本沿两组节理夹角方向的角平分线方向。     

均匀弹性分层介质模型中的同震位移、应变以及应力

地震发生时产生的同震位移、应变以及应力变化,特别是同震应力的变化,在地震触发等问题的研究中有着重要的意义.本文进一步发展了基于均匀弹性水平层状介质,利用广义反射透射系数矩阵和离散波数计算同震位移的方法,使之可以计算相应的应变、应力以及同震库仑应力变化.可适用于多种情况,接收点可以位于地表以及地表以下,震源类型可以是剪切位错源以及拉张位错源.通过与半无限介质的解析解相比较,结果一致,验证了方法的可靠性以及计算精度,可以用于计算地震之后库仑应力变化,为判断余震分布提供参考.在计算同震位移时,使用了梯形积分与Filon积分相结合的积分方式,即提高了同震位移计算的速度,又保证了计算精度,有利于反演问题研究.     

解释位场全张量数据的张量局部波数法及其与常规局部波数法的比较

全张量探测技术以其信息量大、精度高、干扰小等优点在地球物理领域中得到广泛应用.本文提出采用张量局部波数法来进行位场全张量数据的解释,首先给出了张量局部波数的定义,然后推导出利用张量局部波数法进行反演的基本公式.本文方法在进行张量数据反演时无需事先知道场源体的类型(构造指数)即可获得场源体的位置信息,且可根据位置参数对场源体的类型进行估计.通过理论模型证明张量局部波数法可以很好地完成位场全张量数据的反演工作,并将其与常规局部波数法进行对比,证明全张量局部波数法的反演结果更加准确,即使在测点分布不合理的情况下,张量局部波数法仍可以获得准确的结果.最后应用张量局部波数法对美国得克萨斯州实测重力数据进行了反演,其反演结果与已有的研究成果相一致.     

Analysis of implicit HHT‐α integration algorithm for real‐time hybrid simulation

Real‐time hybrid simulation is a viable experiment technique to evaluate the performance of structures equipped with rate‐dependent seismic devices when subject to dynamic loading. The integration algorithm used to solve the equations of motion has to be stable and accurate to achieve a successful real‐time hybrid simulation. The implicit HHT α‐algorithm is a popular integration algorithm for conducting structural dynamic time history analysis because of its desirable properties of unconditional stability for linear elastic structures and controllable numerical damping for high frequencies. The implicit form of the algorithm, however, requires iterations for nonlinear structures, which is undesirable for real‐time hybrid simulation. Consequently, the HHT α‐algorithm has been implemented for real‐time hybrid simulation using a fixed number of substep iterations. The resulting HHT α‐algorithm with a fixed number of substep iterations is believed to be unconditionally stable for linear elastic structures, but research on its stability and accuracy for nonlinear structures is quite limited. In this paper, a discrete transfer function approach is utilized to analyze the HHT α‐algorithm with a fixed number of substep iterations. The algorithm is shown to be unconditionally stable for linear elastic structures, but only conditionally stable for nonlinear softening or hardening structures. The equivalent damping of the algorithm is shown to be almost the same as that of the original HHT α‐algorithm, while the period elongation varies depending on the structural nonlinearity and the size of the integration time‐step. A modified form of the algorithm is proposed to improve its stability for use in nonlinear structures. The stability of the modified algorithm is demonstrated to be enhanced and have an accuracy that is comparable to that of the existing HHT α‐algorithm with a fixed number of substep iterations. Both numerical and real‐time hybrid simulations are conducted to verify the modified algorithm. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the modified algorithm for real‐time testing. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于谱修正方法的非高斯风场模拟

为克服基于H erm ite谱修正方法的缺点,减少该方法中计算H erm ite多项式系数所需耗费的大量机时,提出了一种模拟非高斯风压场的新方法,采用非高斯累积分布函数（CDF）映射技术来代替基于H erm ite的概率密度函数（PDF）修正。选择任意边缘PDF模型作为概率目标模型,采用目标功率谱密度（PSD）作为样本函数,通过迭代修正该样本函数,使其收敛于目标概率密度函数和目标功率谱密度。将该方法应用于实际结构的非高斯风场模拟,模拟结果与目标谱符合良好,表明本文方法模拟非高斯风场具有较高的精确度和计算效率。     

Dynamic performance analysis of a seismically isolated bridge under braking force

In order to study the dynamic performance of seismically isolated bridges under the most unfavorable loads in the longitudinal direction,a dynamic equation for vehicle braking in the longitudinal direction is established.A four or fiveorder Runge-Kutta method is adopted to obtain the time-history response of a wheel set under braking force.The quadratic discretization method is then used to transform this time-history into a braking and bending force time-history of a structural fixed node,and a dynamic response analysis of the seismically isolated bridge under the vehicle’s braking force is carried out using ANSYS,a universal finite element analysis software.According to the results,seismic isolation design results in a more rational distribution of braking force among piers;the influence of the initial braking velocity on the vehicle braking force is negligible;the location where the first wheel set leaves the bridge is the most unfavorable parking location;a seismic isolation bridge bearing constructed according to typical design methods enters into a yield stage under the braking force, while the shearing force at the bottom of the pier declines as the isolation period is extended;the design requirements can be met when the yield displacement of the seismic isolation bearing is less than 5 mm and the yield strength is greater than the braking force.     

层状矿体等高线离散化后的四面体建模

基于不规则四面体的三维实体建模方法具有很多优点,但在层状矿体的建模中,该方法却不能准确地描述其层状界面。根据层状矿体建模数据的特点,先将层状矿体的等高线进行等距离散化,再建立不规则四面体三维实体模型,并为该方法设计由点、面和四面体组成的逻辑模型结构。该方法用VC++.net编程得以实现,并使用内蒙某煤矿的实际数据,建立了相应的矿床三维实体模型。实践表明,通过离散化等高线后建立的层状矿体四面体模型,能够准确反映出层状矿体的层状界面,实现对层状矿体的三维实体建模。      

均质岩体中隧道围岩破坏过程的试验与数值模拟

采用模型试验与离散元模拟的方法,对均质岩体中隧道开挖后围岩的变形破坏过程进行了研究,并对围岩变形破坏过程中围岩应力及地表位移的变化规律进行了分析,模型试验结果与数值模拟结果取得了较好的一致性。研究结果表明：隧道开挖后,拱顶处围岩变形明显并出现裂缝,围岩破坏从拱顶开始,进而呈渐进式向上发展,最终形成稳定的塌落拱;开挖后,隧道围岩径向应力减小,隧道周边一定范围内围岩切向应力减小,且随隧道变形破坏的发展,围岩切向应力减小的区域逐渐扩大;隧道塌方后,拱底垂直应力增加,开挖结束至塌方开始期间地表位移增量最大,塌方期间地表位移增量最小。     

Cardboard monuments: City, language and 'nation' in contemporary Telugu cinema

This paper looks at how the city of Hyderabad, the capital of the south Indian state of Andhra Pradesh and production centre of the Telugu film industry, has been represented in recent popular cinema. It outlines the history of a new mode of representing the city in Telugu cinema and argues that its significance lies in the tendency to delocalize the city. Criminalization of the city's older inhabitants, who are marked by either religion (Islam) or their 'non-standard' dialect of Telugu, often accompanies this move. In the process, any claims that they might have on the city are delegitimized. Okkadu, a major commercial hit, restaged the country versus city dichotomy and the antagonisms complicated by cultural and political tensions between the three constituent regions of Andhra Pradesh. This film follows the late 1990s trend in the film industry to recreate entire cityscapes within the studio, ensuring that location shooting in busy city streets and neighbourhoods merely returns us to the grandeur of lavish and 'realistic' studio sets. It reconstructs Hyderabad's most recognizable monument, the 400-year-old Charminar, in addition to its obviously imaginary residential neighbourhood. This paper looks at how and why the city of Hyderabad, especially its older parts, for which Charminar is a metonym, is rendered into a fantasy space in the film.