底栖有孔虫(Florilus decors)壳体微量元素/钙比值的LA-ICP-MS原位微区分析方法及应用——以长江口外海域为例

深海沉积物中有孔虫壳体的微量元素、同位素测试技术已较为成熟,而河口近海沉积物中有孔虫壳体元素微区测试却鲜有报道。本文报道了一种利用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱（LA-ICP-MS）分析法测试取自长江口外沉积物中的有孔虫壳体元素/钙比值的技术,研究了氦气载气流量、能量密度、束斑大小、激光剥蚀频率等参数对测试结果的影响,优化了活体有孔虫原位分析方法。应用确定的测试条件对2016年7月取自长江口外的底栖有孔虫优美花朵虫样品（Florilus decors）进行测试,发现Mg、Sr等元素/钙比值在壳体不同位置上无显著差异,而Mn的数据较为离散,可能与有孔虫生长过程中经历的水环境及其变化有关。     

南海冬季之西边界流：1998年2月的水文结构与体积输运

The unique survey in December 1998 mapped the entire western boundary area of the South China Sea(SCS),which reveals the three-dimensional structure and huge volume transport of the swift and narrow winter western boundary current of the SCS(SCSwwbc) in full scale. The current is found to flow all the way from the shelf edge off Hong Kong to the Sunda Shelf with a width around 100 km and a vertical scale of about 400 m. It appears to be the strongest off the Indo-China Peninsula, where its volume transport reached over 20×10~6 m~3/s. The current is weaker upstream in the northern SCS to the west of Hong Kong. A Kuroshio loop or detached eddy intruded through the Luzon Strait is observed farther east where the SCSwwbc no more exists. The results suggest that during the survey the SCSwwbc was fed primarily by the interior recirculation of the SCS rather than by the"branching" of the Kuroshio from the Luzon Strait as indicated by surface drifters, which is likely a near-surface phenomenon and only contributes a minor part to the total transport of the SCSwwbc. Several topics related to the SCSwwbc are also discussed.     

西太平洋深海海水中乙醛降解菌多样性及群落结构研究

As a major aldehyde pollutant widely existing in industry and our daily life, acetaldehyde is more and more harmful to human health. As characteristic habitat niche, bacteria from deep sea environments are abundant and distinctive in heredity, physiology and ecological functions. Thus, the development of acetaldehyde-degrading bacteria from deep sea provides a new method to harness acetaldehyde pollutant. Firstly, in this study,acetaldehyde-degrading bacteria in the deep sea water of the West Pacific Ocean were enriched in situ and in the laboratory respectively, and then the diversity of uncultured bacteria was studied by using 16 S r RNA genes. Then acetaldehyde-degrading strains were isolated from two samples, including enrichment in situ and enrichment in laboratory samples of deep sea water from the West Pacific Ocean using acetaldehyde as the sole carbon source,and then the ability of acetaldehyde degradation was detected. Our results showed that the main uncultured bacteria of two samples with different enrichment approaches were similar, including Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria, but the structure of bacterial community were significant different.Four subgroups, α, γ, δ and ε, were found in Proteobacteria group. The γ-Proteobacteria was dominant(63.5%clones in laboratory enriched sample, 75% clones in situ enriched sample). The species belonged to γ-Proteobacteria and their proportion was nearly identical between the two enrichment samples, and Vibrio was the predominant genus(45% in laboratory enriched sample, 48.5% in situ enriched sample), followed by Halomonas(9% in situ enriched sample) and Streptococcus(6% in laboratory enriched sample). A total of 12 acetaldehyde-degrading strains were isolated from the two samples, which belonged to Vibrio, Halomonas,Pseudoalteromonas, Pseudomonas and Bacillus of γ-Proteobacteria. Strains ACH-L-5, ACH-L-8 and ACH-S-12,belonging to Vibrio and Halomonas, have strong ability of acetaldehyde degradation, which could tolerate 1.5 g/L acetaldehyde and degrade 350 mg/L acetaldehyde within 24 hours. Our results indicated that bacteria of γ-Proteobacteria may play an important role in carbon cycle of deep sea environments, especial the bacteria belonging to Vibrio and Halomonas and these strains was suggested for their potentials in government of aldehyde pollutants.     

海底底质声学原位测量电路控制系统研究

介绍了一种液压驱动贯入式海底沉积声学原位测量系统的电路控制单元的研究实现过程,以及该控制单元在南海北部海底沉积声学调查中的应用。该电路控制单元以Cortex-A8处理器为核心,集成大容量FLASH存储器,与单片机接口控制板进行串口通讯,实现对声学发射采集单元和机械液压贯入单元的可视化控制和监测。基于该电路控制单元,海底底质声学原位测量系统兼具自容式和在线式两种工作模式,可自容记录或实时采集声学原位测量单元在海底的工作状态数据、海底沉积物声速和声衰减系数等声学特性数据。该声学原位测量系统的实验室联调及南海海试结果表明,使用该电路控制单元对海底底质声学测量过程的监测与控制是有效的,对精确获取海底底质的原位声学特性有重要作用,可以促进海底底质声学原位测量系统的产品化。     

一种酪氨酸酶基因在笠贝初生壳形成中的表达分析

软体动物初生壳形成是贝壳早期发育研究的重要内容。目前,初生壳形成的机制尚不清晰。本文从笠贝(Lottia goshimai)中克隆了一个酪氨酸酶基因(lgo-tyr1),聚类分析表明其与长牡蛎基因cgi-tyr1是直系同源基因。Lgo-TYR1的序列分析显示它具有两个典型的铜离子结合结构域和一个信号肽。通过整装原位杂交和电子扫描显微镜观察,检测到lgo-tyr1在担轮幼虫的圆形贝壳区以及紧邻的环状细胞带中表达,表明lgo-tyr1可能参与了担轮幼虫初生贝壳的生物合成以及贝壳区边界的确立。     

基于连续帧间差分的抛弃式探头三维下沉运动处理方法研究

抛弃式探头由无人机装载,能够在较远目标区域和危险海域开展海洋水文环境剖面参数的测量。通过安装不同传感器,可以实现对温度、盐度的剖面测量,其深度的测量采用数学方法计算得到。针对双摄像机水箱实验获得的5个不同攻角实验结果,分析了常用的运动目标的检测方法,最终选择基于连续帧间差分法,确定探头的三维坐标位置,进而得到探头下沉运动的三维运动轨迹和速度曲线等信息。探头从水面释放后攻角在下沉过程中不断调整,改变运动姿态,同时伴随自身的旋转,抵消水平方向阻力作用,初始攻角产生的深度测量误差主要体现在加速过程,探头达到匀速运动后测量误差不变,在不考虑横流的情况下,探头最后以匀速垂直下落运动。     

水文重力效应改正中一维地下水模拟算法的对比

基于一维地下水渗透方程详细推导其有限差分解算过程,引入不同于显式差分的隐式差分和中心差分格式,对比分析不同差分格式对地下水模拟结果及其相应地下水重力效应的影响,并对其中的层间参数取值和非线性方程的线性化问题进行探讨。结果表明,在日本Isawa扇形地区超导台站,不同层间参数加权公式能够引起最大约0.15 μGal的重力效应差异,影响在1.9%以内;不同差分格式和线性化方法组合形式能够引起最大约0.12 μGal的重力效应差异,影响在1.5%以内。     

日本囊对虾(Marsupenaeus japonicus)3个野生种群和1个养殖种群的形态差异与判别分析

采用3种多元分析方法,对3个野生种群和1个养殖种群的13个形态比例参数进行比较研究。聚类分析结果表明,广东湛江和海南临高的种群形态最接近,福建厦门种群的趋异程度最大。主成分分析构建了6个主成分,其贡献率分别为:第1主成分23.084%,第2主成分17.976%,第3主成分15.321%,第4主成分13.84%,第5主成分12.707%,第6主成分7.770%,累积贡献率为90.699%。逐步判别选入6个贡献率较大的性状进行判别分析,F检验结果显示,4个种群形态差异显著(P0.01);同时建立了4个种群的判别函数,其判别准确率P1、P2均为100%。综合判别率为100%。3种多元分析结果均认为,4个种群日本囊对虾在形态上已产生一定程度的差异,且集中表现在体重、头胸甲的性状上。     

2003年北极科考期间一次极涡个例天气学分析

2003年9月3日到14日,"雪龙"号考察船进入北冰洋楚科奇海观测期间,正值一次典型的北极极涡环流过程形成和发展。以往研究大多集中于极涡的平均水平环流特征和季节变化,该例为我们研究它的瞬时环流形势和特征提供了条件。利用NCEP全球分析资料及第二次北极科考资料对这次个例进行天气学分析,通过描述极涡个例的发展情况,平流层、对流层的环流特征以及二者之间的关系,并分析卫星遥感图像及"雪龙"号考察船的气象资料,分析结果发现:2003年中国第二次北极科考期间经历的极涡形成和发展,典型地表现出极地冬夏环流型的转换过程。首先在平流层发生,然后向对流层传播,该个例是一次在平流层西退加强,在对流层东移南下的过程。     

基于二分图的温度网络拓扑性质研究

利用中国地区435个台站1961—2002年逐日平均温度序列,将温度变化发生在9天时间尺度上的特征编码在网络中,通过研究二分图温度网络(BGT网络)中节点与项目的关系,揭示出9天时间尺度上温度变化的特征及其在空间上的拓扑统计性质.网络中各节点RRRD, RrDD, eeed, DRRD, DDRR等所代表的温度波动模态在网络中异常频发,对9天尺度温度变化的预报有一定的指导意义.统计网络的节点度分布,集群系数等拓扑结构特征量,发现BGT网络服从正态分布特征.BGT网络项目内节点度的多样性大体上