四川盆地西南部震旦系白云岩成岩过程中的孔隙演化

我国南方,特别是西南地区震旦系白云岩具有良好的油气储集潜力。四川盆地西南部震旦系白云岩储层多集中分布在灯影组的中、上部,储集空间以次生成因的孔、洞、缝为主。这些孔隙的形成与演化受多种因素的影响,其中成岩作用的控制明显,压实作用和多期白云岩的胶结作用使原生孔隙基本消失,而重结晶作用和溶解作用促进了次生孔隙的形成,但多期白云石和硅质的充填作用又导致次生孔隙缩小,局部消失。总之,震旦系白云岩储层内的孔隙是在长达六亿年左右的地质历史中,由各种成岩作用及其它因素相互影响下的最终产物。     

微量元素分布揭示腕足化石壳体原始信息保存现状

以产于四川龙门山地区泥盆系观雾山组的有铰纲腕足化石Ｉｎｄｅｐｅｎｄａｔｒｙｐａ ｌｅｍｍａ Ｃｈｅｎ为研究对象,利用激光熔样等离子质谱（ＬＡ－ＩＣＰ－ＭＳ）对其壳体棱柱层中Ｆｅ、Ｍｇ、Ｍｎ、Ｎａ、Ｂａ和Ｓｒ六种微量元素进行了就位分析。它们在壳体横切面中的对称分布特征总体上与壳体增生方式和过程相一致,表明壳体的绝大部分未经成岩作用的改造。与常用的结构判据、阴极发光判据和微量元素含量判据相比较,微量元     

南华北地区下古生界碳酸盐岩成岩作用及其对储层的影响

南华北地区在早古生代沉积了巨厚的碳酸盐岩,为碳酸盐岩储层的形成提供了有利条件。通过对大量野外剖面、钻井岩心的详细观测和室内显微薄片分析,系统研究了该区下古生界碳酸盐岩的成岩作用类型和特征,主要成岩作用类型包括:①压实、压溶作用;②胶结作用;③重结晶作用;④白云石化作用;⑤交代作用;⑥溶蚀作用;⑦构造破裂作用等。对成岩作用阶段进行了划分,深入研究了不同成岩阶段成岩作用类型及特征。退后生期和进后生期溶蚀作用、构造破裂作用较强,对储层的形成有利,成岩期和后生期的白云石化作用也有利于孔隙的形成和保存。岩溶作用和白云石化作用对该区下古生界储层形成具有明显的控制作用,中奥陶统马家沟组主要为岩溶储层,上寒武统主要为次生白云岩储层,同时建立了该区下古生界岩溶作用模式和白云石化作用演化模式。     

Fluid Flow History in Lower Triassic Bulgo Sandstone,Central Sydney Basin,Australia

INTRODUCTIONThe Sydney basin(Fig.1) forms the southernm ost partofthe Sydney- Gunnedah- Bowen basin system (Bembrick et al.,1973) .It started as a rift and evolved into a foreland basin inMiddle Triassic with sediments lapping unconformably on thedeformed and metamorphosed rocks of the L achlan fold belt inthe west and abutting the New England fold belt in thenortheast along the east- dipping Hunter thrust.The Sydneybasin is separated from the Gunnedah basin by the MountCoricudgy an…     

苏北盆地金湖凹陷腰滩地区古近系阜宁组储层物性特征及其影响因素

苏北盆地金湖凹陷腰滩地区古近系阜宁组储层岩石类型以岩屑长石砂岩和长石砂岩为主,其成分成熟度中等,结构 成熟度中等到好。腰滩地区储层成岩作用主要包括压实、胶结、溶蚀和交代四种类型, 目前处于晚成岩阶段A期。研究区储 层的储集物性受成岩作用和构造运动的共同影响,主要表现为对孔隙度和渗透率的影响, 其中压实和胶结作用使储层原生 孔隙迅速减少、渗透率降低、储集物性变差,而溶解作用则是导致次生孔隙发育及改善砂岩储集性能的主要因素。压实作 用主要表现为刚性颗粒发生脆性破裂、塑性颗粒挤压变形或刚性颗粒嵌入塑性颗粒中、颗粒之间呈线接触和凹凸接触、碎 屑颗粒呈明显的定向排列等; 溶蚀作用表现为碳酸盐矿物的溶解; 胶结物主要为自生黏土矿物、碳酸盐和自生石英。交代作 用主要为碳酸盐胶结物交代石英、长石及岩屑颗粒及碳酸盐胶结物之间的相互交代等。构造运动使局部的储层物性得到改 善。     

四川盆地中部三叠系香溪群储层特征及成岩孔隙演化

四川盆地中部香溪群储层为典型的低渗透油气藏,有效储层分布规律复杂,油气富集规律不清,勘探难度大,勘探效率低。对其储层特征、成岩孔隙演化和有效储层分布规律的研究,对油气勘探具有重要指导意义。研究表明,香溪群储层现处于晚成岩A期,在早成岩早期阶段由于强烈压实作用和硅质胶结作用使大部分细砂岩、中细砂岩储层物性变差,只有粗砂岩和中粗砂岩仍保留部分原生孔隙;在中成岩早期阶段,有机酸性水进入粗砂岩和中粗砂岩中溶蚀其中的长石和岩屑,形成大量次生溶蚀孔隙而形成优质储层。     

山东渤南油田三区下第三系沙河街组三段4砂组储渗结构特征研究

渤南油田低渗透储层是胜利油田较为典型的低渗透储层代表，离物源近，沉积物供给和沉积速率快是造成渤南油田储层低渗透的重要基础，复杂的成岩作用是导致低渗透储层非均质性的主要原因之一，其中溶解成岩作用形成的多种次生孔隙，使低渗透储层的孔隙度提高，储层岩性，物性与裂缝构成了渤南油田有利的油藏储渗单元。     

Diagenetic controls on the isotopic composition of carbonate‐associated sulphate in the Permian Capitan Reef Complex,West Texas

Late Palaeozoic‐age strata from the Capitan Reef in west Texas show facies‐dependent heterogeneity in the sulphur isotopic composition of carbonate‐associated sulphate, which is trace sulphate incorporated into carbonate minerals that is often used to reconstruct the sulphur isotopic composition of ancient seawater. However, diagenetic pore fluid processes may influence the sulphur isotopic composition of carbonate‐associated sulphate. These processes variously modify the sulphur isotopic composition of incorporated sulphate from syndepositional seawater in shelf crest, outer shelf, shelf margin and slope depositional settings. This study used a new multicollector inductively‐coupled plasma mass spectrometry technique to determine the sulphur isotopic composition of samples of individual depositional and diagenetic textures. Carbonate rocks representing peritidal facies in the Yates and Tansill formations preserve the sulphur isotopic composition of Guadalupian seawater sulphate despite alteration of the carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions by meteoric and dolomitizing diagenetic processes. However, sulphur isotopic data indicate that limestones deposited in reef and slope facies in the Capitan and Bell Canyon formations largely incorporate sulphate from anoxic marine‐phreatic pore fluids isotopically modified from seawater by microbial sulphate reduction, despite generally preserving the carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of Permian seawater. Some early and all late meteoric calcite cements have carbonate‐associated sulphate with a sulphur isotopic composition distinct from that of Permian seawater. Detailed petrographic and sedimentary context for carbonate‐associated sulphate analyses will allow for improved reconstructions of ancient seawater composition and diagenetic conditions in ancient carbonate platforms. The results of this study indicate that carbonate rocks that diagenetically stabilize in high‐energy environments without pore fluid sulphate gradients can provide a robust archive of ancient seawater's sulphur isotopic composition.     

Effects of differential tectonic uplift on Late Quaternary coral reef diagenesis,Huon Peninsula,Papua New Guinea

Mineralogical, petrological and geochemical analyses of corals and associated skeletal limestones taken from three transects across the Late Quaternary raised coral reefs of the Huon Peninsula, Papua New Guinea, show that tectonic uplift can be related to the degree of subaerial diagenesis of the reefs. Where the uplift rate is high, Pleistocene corals frequently retain their aragonite mineralogy, even though the annual rainfall is relatively high. In contrast, similar age corals from low‐uplift areas are consistently altered neomorphically to calcite. The transformation of reef skeletal limestones shows a similar, but less pronounced, trend to the corals. Chemical analysis shows that the neomorphic calcite crystals of coral skeletons from the low‐uplift areas have relatively higher Sr and Mg concentrations, compared with those in high‐uplift areas. This may indicate that neomorphism of corals in the low‐uplift terraces takes place at a relatively higher rate and an earlier stage than that in the high‐uplift areas. The pattern of diagenesis of the Huon reefs can be explained by the effects of tectonic uplift on the regional hydrological regime. First, lower uplift rates allow a raised reef or any part of it to remain in the meteoric phreatic zone for a relatively long time. Second, river gorge slopes from low‐uplift regions have lower gradients and reef terraces in these areas have more extensive raised lagoon depressions than in high‐uplift areas. Thus, there is less runoff and consequently more extensive vadose percolation in the former areas. Third, the resulting low‐relief topography in low‐uplift areas prompts formation of soils on the terraces, and further increases the ability of interaction between coral reefs and formation water.     

渝东南下志留统龙马溪组页岩储集层成岩作用及其对孔隙发育的影响*

以重庆綦江、南川和涪陵地区的下志留统龙马溪组下部页岩样品为例,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜、TOC测试、R_O测试、高压压汞和低温氮吸附等手段,对研究区龙马溪组下部页岩储集层的矿物成分、有机组分、孔隙特征及成岩作用进行研究。实验结果表明,龙马溪组页岩成岩作用类型主要包括机械压实作用、化学压实作用、溶蚀作用、交代作用、破裂作用及矿物转化等,演化阶段介于晚成岩作用与极低级变质作用之间;成岩作用对页岩储集层的孔渗特征、孔隙成因类型、非均质性和形貌特征均有显著影响。对成岩作用与孔隙演化进行了匹配,认为机械/化学压实作用、溶蚀作用及过程中的有机生烃、矿物转化对孔隙发育影响最为显著,并将储集层成岩作用划分为溶蚀作用等建设性成岩作用与压实作用等破坏性成岩作用。