鄂尔多斯盆地东胜铀矿田铀源示踪及其地质意义

笔者以鄂尔多斯盆地东胜铀矿田的典型矿床——纳岭沟铀矿床为主要研究对象,通过铀矿体及围岩岩石地球化学、电子探针及稳定同位素测试等方法,综合分析了东胜砂岩型铀矿田的铀源及其地质意义。结果表明:主要含矿目标层中侏罗统直罗组在同生沉积过程中,铀预富集达212.45×10~(-6),围岩达41.34×10~(-6);预富集铀主要来自于盆地北缘蚀源区;铀矿体及围岩REE配分曲线总体具一致性,右倾,个别δEu正异常,富集重稀土,两者铀源具一致性;含铀砂岩δ~(13)C_(V-PDB)=-9.7‰,δ~(18)O_(SMOW)=18.9‰,黄铁矿δ~(34)S_(v-CDT)=-27.46‰,经历了强烈的有机地质作用;铀石围绕炭屑、星散状黄铁矿产出,被胶状黄铁矿肢解,铀富集于成岩作用后期。由此认为,直罗组同生沉积过程中预富集的铀为主要成矿铀源,东胜铀矿田属直罗组预富铀重新分配的产物。     

Rock composition and origin of the Duwi Formation calcareous rocks, Upper Egypt

Upper Cretaceous phosphorite beds of the Duwi Formation, Upper Egypt, are intercalated with limestone, sandy limestone, marl, calcareous shales, and calcareous sandstone. Calcareous intercalations were subjected to field and detailed petrographic, mineralogical and geochemical investigations in order to constrain their rock composition and origin. Mineralogically, dolomite, calcite, quartz, francolite and feldspars are the non-clay minerals. Smectite, kaolinite and illite represent the clay minerals. Major and trace elements can be classified as the detrital and carbonate fractions based on their sources. The detrital fraction includes the elements that are derived from detrital sources, mainly clay minerals and quartz, such as Si, Al, Fe, Ti, K, Ba, V, Ni, Co, Cr, Zn, Cu, Zr, and Mo. The carbonate fraction includes the elements that are derived from carbonates, maily calcite and dolomite, such as Ca, Mg and Sr. Dolomite occurs as being dense, uniform, mosaic, very fine-to-fine, non-ferroan, and non-stoichiometrical, suggesting its early diagenetic formation in a near-shore oxidizing shallow marine environment. The close association and positive correlation between dolomite and smectite indicates the role of clay minerals in the formation of dolomite as a source of Mg^2＋ -rich solutions. Calcareous rocks were deposited in marine, oxidizing and weakly alkaline conditions, marking a semi-arid climatic period. The calcareous/argillaceous alternations are due to oscillations in clay/carbonate ratio.     

渤海湾盆地深部有利储层发育的主控因素

本文主要从沉积、成岩方面及与之相关的因素来分析渤海湾盆地深部有利储层发育的主控因素。研究认为,除了沉积作用外,低地温梯度、高沉积速率、高加热速率、高生烃强度和异常压力等因素影响了成岩作用的进程和强度,对深部储层原生孔隙的保存和次生孔隙的形成产生积极的作用,造成了中部黄骅坳陷深层相对高孔高渗储层发育层段多,物性好,而东部辽河坳陷次之,西部冀中坳陷最差。     

热对流成岩作用的基本特征与研究意义

介绍了热对流产生的条件与地质背景,指出火成侵入体、盐丘和活跃断层周围等温线陡倾斜场所易发生热对流成岩作用。综述了岩浆成因热对流的岩石学记录,包括热变质作用、突然升温—逐渐降温的自生矿物组合和相对高温的自生矿物类型,分析了自生伊利石的K/Ar年龄在热对流成岩作用研究中的作用。阐述了热对流成岩作用对盆地动力学、砂岩储层和油气运移研究的意义。     

泌阳凹陷地质流体对砂岩储集层中黏土矿物形成和分布的控制作用

运用扫描电镜观察和X射线衍射分析等技术,在对泌阳凹陷核桃园组砂岩储集层中黏土矿物分布特征研究的基础上,从黏土矿物的形成条件和形成过程入手,详细分析了地质流体的性质、组成、流动方式、迁移速度等对砂岩储集层中黏土矿物形成和分布的影响,指出砂岩储集层中参与成岩反应的碎屑活性组分和地质流体对砂岩储集层中黏土矿物的形成和分布具有控制作用,并讨论了它们的形成机理.研究表明,黏土矿物的形成和分布能够不同程度地影响砂岩储集层的孔渗性和含油气性;高岭石发育层段与次生孔隙的发育和渗透率的增加以及油气的富集层段具有良好的对应关系.     

成岩动力学分析与深部储层孔隙预测

国内外深部优质储层的不断发现大大拓宽了油气勘探的新领域,但孔隙流体自然排放的压实理论和有机无机反应的次生孔隙窗机理对深部高孔渗储层并不能作出圆满解释。深部储层孔隙保存状况除与储层物质组成及其内部结构有关外,与各成岩动力学过程间的耦合关系更为密切。压实作用、胶结作用、粘土矿物转化、有机质热演化、溶蚀作用、异常流体压力的积累与释放等动力学过程在时间和空间上的不同组合决定了深部储层孔隙的发育程度及其保存状况。     

Diagenesis and hydrocarbon emplacement in the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation tight sandstones in the southern Ordos Basin,China

The Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the southern Ordos Basin is a tight sandstone but productive hydrocarbon exploration target. A variety of analyses, including thin-sections, cathodoluminescence (CL), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), fluorescence, isotope and fluid inclusion, have been used to analyse the reservoir petrology and diagenesis to understand the evolution of reservoir porosity. The sandstones are mostly feldspathic litharenites and lithic arkoses with low porosities (7.6% on average) and extremely low permeabilities (0.49 mD on average). A complex diagenetic alteration history of the reservoir caused different kinds of reduction in reservoir porosity. The carbonate cements are sourced from adjacent organic-rich mudstone and precipitated with a higher content near the edges of sandstone units and a lower content at the centres of sandstone units, resulting in two different diagenetic evolution paths. The analysis of porosity evolution history and hydrocarbon emplacement produced the following conclusions: (1) during the eodiagenesis period, mechanical compaction reduced the primary porosity dramatically from 40 to 19%; and (2) during the mesodiagenesis period, the first-phase oil charged the reservoir (porosity ranging from 14 to 19%) as bitumen along detrital grains forming a preferential pathway for subsequent oil emplacements. In the second-phase of oil charge, the reservoir porosity ranged from 9 to 14% limiting water–rock reactions. During the third-phase of oil charge, porosity of the reservoir remained at 9%. In general, the densification period (with a porosity close to 10%) of the reservoir occurs at the same time as the major oil emplacement and may be an explanation for the low oil saturation of the Chang 8 tight sandstone.     

中国南方东部震旦纪碎屑岩和泥质岩成岩作用

中国南方震旦纪碎屑岩的成岩作用主要有压实和压溶、胶结和固结、重结晶、交代作用及自生矿物形成等,泥质岩的成岩作用主要为压实作用和成岩过程中粘土矿物的转化。其成岩过程可分为同生、成岩、后生、表生四个成岩作用阶段。在沉积盆地演化的不同阶段和处在盆地的不同部位,出现了不同的岩石类型,往往呈现各自的成岩作用变化特点。     

碳酸盐岩储层孔隙结构的影响因素与储层参数的定量评价

近几年,在海外区块遇到了大量的孔隙型碳酸盐岩储层。由于岩性复杂,孔隙类型多样,致使其孔隙结构十分复杂,储层参数难以准确计算,油气储量难以客观评价。文中针对研究靶区这一类型的碳酸盐岩储层,首先从沉积作用和成岩作用两个方面分析了孔隙结构的影响因素,得出在不同岩性之间,孔隙类型之间的差异是造成孔隙结构存在较大差异的主要原因。而在同种岩性之间,泥质含量的增加会降低孔隙结构的品质。另外,成岩作用对颗粒粒径较大的岩石的影响更大一些。其次,讨论了储层参数的定量评价,由于不同类型孔隙的共存,导致孔隙度相似,而渗透率、饱和度等储层参数却存在较大差异。针对这一问题,指出了可以采用核磁和成像等特殊测井资料来表征不同类型孔隙的数值分布,利用三维数字化成像技术来展示不同类型孔隙的空间分布,为储层参数的准确计算和油气储量的客观评价奠定基础。     

Diagenesis impact on a deeply buried sandstone reservoir (Es1 Member) of the Shahejie Formation,Nanpu Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,East China

Diagenesis has a significant impact on reservoir quality in deeply buried formations. Sandstone units of the Shahejie Formation (Es₁ Member) of Nanpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, East China is a typical deeply buried sandstone with large hydrocarbon accumulations. The methodology includes core observations and thin section studies, using fluorescence, scanning electron microscope (SEM), cathodoluminescence (CL), fluid inclusion and isotope and electron probing analysis as well as the numerical determination of reservoir characteristics. The sandstones consist of medium to coarse-grained, slight to moderate sorted lithic arkose and feldspathic litharenite. Porosity and permeability values range from 0.5 to 30% and 0.006 to 7000 mD, respectively. The diagenetic history reveals mixed episodes of diagenesis and deep burial followed by uplift. The main diagenetic events include compaction, cementation alteration, dissolution of unstable minerals and grain fracturing. Compaction resulted in densification and significantly reduced the primary porosity. Quartz, calcite and clay are the dominant pore-occluding cement and occur as euhedral to subhedral crystals. Alteration and dissolution of volcanic lithic fragments and pressure solution of feldspar grains were the key sources of quartz cement whereas carbonate cement is derived from an external source. Clay minerals resulted from the alteration of feldspar and volcanic lithic fragments. Porosity and permeability data predict a good inverse relationship with cementation whereas leaching of metastable grains, dissolution of cement and in some places formation of pore-lining chlorite enhanced the reservoir quality. The best reservoir is thicker sandstone bodies that are medium to coarse-grained, well-sorted sandstone with low primary ductile grains with a minor amount of calcite cement. The present study shows several diagenetic stages in the Es₁ Member, but the overall reservoir quality is preserved.