Forecast and optimal allocation of production,living and ecology water consumption in Zhangye,China

The water crisis is one of three crises that are persecuting the world. China is among the countries that face severe water shortages. Water scarcity and water pollution have seriously affected China's sustainable development in terms of the economy and society. Water resources per capita of China is only one quarter of the world's average. In addition, about 70 percent of China's rivers, lakes, and reservoirs are affected by pollution. Due to limited water resources, a crucial issue for the sustainable development of the watershed is how to resolve the human/nature competition for water and how to achieve the coordinated development of the economy, society and ecology. On the basis of defining water consumption for production, living and ecology (WPLE), this paper proposes a framework for forecasting and optimally allocating WPLE. Using Zhangye, in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin as the case study area, we forecasted and optimally allocated WPLE under three development scenarios, i.e. the conventional development scenario (CDS), the economy-priority development scenario (EPDS) and the environmentally sustainable development scenario (ESDS). In 2010, the proportions of WPLE in Zhangye were 87.73%, 2.74% and 9.53%, respectively. In 2020, the proportions of WPLE will be 74.80%, 4.50% and 20.70% under the CDS, 76.16%, 5.27% and 18.57% under the EPDS, and 74.99%, 4.51% and 20.50% under the ESDS. In the future, the proportion of production water consumption of Zhangye will drastically decrease, while the proportion of ecological water consumption will significantly increase. The main contradiction of the co-evolution of WPLE of Zhangye is the competitiveness of production and living water consumption with ecological water consumption.     

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Research on Airspace Resource Allocation Supported by Spatiotemporal Continuous Data: Review and Prospect

Given that the fixed air traffic operation system and functions are difficult to adapt to the great changes of air route structure and airspace demand, the airspace resource allocation is undergoing an evolution from static to flexible and dynamic so as to effectively solve the contradiction between airspace capacity and actual demand. In this process, the dependence on spatiotemporal continuous data is gradually strengthened. This article reviewed the relevant national and international research, and found that from the multi-dimensional expression of basic elements to the feature analysis of specific airspace units, airspace resource allocation deepens and expands in a real-time direction and presents a new mechanism. A series of high density air traffic flow identification methods are developed by introducing time parameters and combined with the flight path model to form a distinct dynamic characteristic. Related applications and practice reflect the structural revolution of airspace resource allocation and promote the solution of practical problems such as airspace congestion and resource allocation. The research and practice of dynamic airspace resource allocation outside China have positive reference significance to our country. However, when simultaneously coping with the hoisting of airside capability and the change of multi-dimensional parameters, we still face the challenges of period-segment matching, micro-macro combination, terminal airspace-air route docking and airspace-land area integration. In the future, geography should further integrate the unique advantages of spatiotemporal interaction and construct a brand-new overall mobile chain of various airspace-land scales to carry out research work deeply.     

基于虚拟水流动模式下水资源调控研究

解决干旱区水资源缺乏问题必须要从水资源系统配置的角度考虑,虚拟水理念有别于传统的水资源直接配置,通过改变农产品流通格局,进而优化虚拟水流动状态,实现水资源系统配置。结合甘肃省实际情况,在满足"农产品不减收""各地农业用水量不增加"两大约束条件下,以优化算法为工具,搭建了基于甘肃省14个市(州)的以农产品为调控对象的数学模型,调控后,地区总收入呈上升趋势,上升约7%,但农业用水量呈下降趋势,下降约4%。玉米的进口总量上升了9%~10%,而小麦进口总量同比下降了28%~30%。调控方案使虚拟水流动均衡性在当地农业用水综合调控中集中体现,提高了地区水资源系统配置实现的可能性,实现了水资源直接配置和间接调配的综合管理,对缓解干旱区未来社会经济发展中水资源配置面临的问题提出了新的思路。     

咸海流域水资源利用的区域合作问题分析

咸海的主要水源为阿姆河和锡尔河,自20世纪60年代以来由于人口的增加和农业政策导致的灌溉面积的迅速扩大,河流径流被大量引入且消耗于农业灌溉,使得入湖地表径流大幅度减少。原本是地球上的第四大湖泊的咸海,目前面积已缩小到只有原来的十分之一,并分离形成三个主要的残留湖,湖泊及湖滨的生态环境极度恶化。同时,巨大的干涸裸露湖床已成为盐尘和有毒物的发源地,严重威胁周边地区的人类健康。中亚五国自独立后于1992年签订了《中亚五国水协定》,旨在通过协定和后续协议加强区域合作扭转咸海流域严重的水危机与生态危机。但事与愿违,危机事态未得到抑制且有扩大趋势。通过对相关事态进行的深入分析,认为除改变该地区经济发展模式以减少农业用水外,在公平合理分配水资源的基础上加强国家间的合作,开展全流域水资源的综合开发、利用与管理才是扭转目前危机的最有效的途径。     

地震电磁扰动观测的一些新进展

目前,在中国地震局监测预报司组织和支持下,廊坊大地公司在首都圈地区布设的电磁波台资料的应用,已经纳入了"华北地区强震强化监视跟踪工作方案",正在分析处理中.郑州晶微电子科技有限公司在四川等地区布设的电磁波台的资料,正在开展深入分析研究工作,现正对汶川大地震的强余震进行实时跟踪监测.另外,中国地震局监测预报司正在十三陵地震台开展4种仪器的对比观测试验,并支持地球物理研究所建立"地震电磁扰动信息分析实验室",相关小组正在开展电磁扰动分析方法研究和软件系统研制,并拟对相关机理进行探索.     

多枝柽柳和疏叶骆驼刺幼苗生物量分配及根系分布特征

以塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘荒漠-绿洲过渡带上两种主要建群种植物多枝柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima)和疏叶骆驼刺(Alhagi.sparsifolia SHAP.)的一年生幼苗为研究对象,采用人工壕沟全根挖掘法,研究同一生境条件下两种植物幼苗在生物量分配、根冠比、根系分布特征对极端干旱环境的适应特征.结果表明:(1)两种植物幼苗生物量分配策略明显不同.多枝柽柳幼苗把更多的生物量分配到地上,其根冠比为0.75;而疏叶骆驼刺幼苗把更多的生物量分配到地下,其根冠比为1.73.(2)两种植物幼苗地上/地下生物量属于典型的幂函数异速生长关系,异速生长模型的相关系数都在0.83以上.(3)两种植物幼苗根系分布各异.多枝柽柳幼苗根系多由垂直的主根和水平扩展的侧根组成,根长在垂直剖面上近似"丰"字形分布;骆驼刺幼苗根系在土壤中呈网状分布,根长在垂直剖面上近"古"字形分布.     

从石羊河流域沙漠化土地分布看区域协调发展

石羊河流域沙漠化状况的遥感监测和野外调查表明:(1)2000年石羊河流域中、下游沙漠化土地总面积7711.91km²,沙漠化类型主要表现为耕地沙漠化、草地沙漠化和沙丘活化、流沙入侵,其中下游以沙丘活化和流沙入侵为主,中游以耕地沙漠化为主;(2)下游民勤地区已经发展到了沙漠化过程中的顶级状态,中游地区沙漠化土地则多处于正在发展的过程中。通过对研究区沙漠化土地分布状况的分析,初步得出结论:由区域经济发展不平衡而导致的区域间不合理的资源分配是下游地区沙漠化的根本原因,而中游地区的环境退化又是下游地区沙漠化的必然结果。     

福建省地震局政务信息网站的建设与维护

“数字福建”是福建省“十五”重点项目 ,福建省政务信息网是“数字福建”项目中一个骨干工程。本文介绍福建省地震局政务信息网站建设过程及网站内容。     

构建苏北地区江水北调系统水量调配模型的设想

鉴于江苏省苏北地区江水北调系统运行现状存在的不足,通过概化调水系统,提出了研制水量调配模型应遵循的原则、计算方法和必须具备的功能,就研制中出现的几个重要问题提出了解决方法。