Cellular energy allocation in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from the stratified estuary as a physiological biomarker

This study demonstrates the usefulness of cellular energy allocation (CEA) evaluations as a physiological biomarker to infer the occurrence of natural stress in native populations of mussels inhabiting the stratified estuary (Krka River estuary, Croatia). Sampling sites were selected based on their differences in the salinity and temperature. The CEA value was calculated as a ratio between available energy (E_a) and energy consumption (E_c). Generally, higher values of E_a were recorded in June than in November, which were especially evident in the storage components (carbohydrates and lipids), while the constitutive component (proteins) remained relatively constant. The highest E_c was recorded in mussels at estuarine site compared to coastal site, which may be caused by the energetically costly maintenance of osmotic balance. Decrease in CEA recorded in estuarine mussels may ultimately result in a lower amount of energy available for growth, reproduction, or defence against other stresses (e.g. pollution).     

The research of ecology-oriented reasonable deployment of water resources at Shuangtaizi estuary wetland

Shuangtaizi estuary wetland, the largest natural conservation district in China, and one of the best preserved, largest ecological lands with the most complete vegetation types in the world, is located in Panjin city, Liaoning Province. In recent years, the degradation of Shuangtaizi estuary wetland is very serious. In order to rescue lives in the wetland and protect valuable natural resources, the information system of Shuangtaizi estuary wetland was built with ‘3S’ technology, and the minimum, optimum, and maximum eco-environmental water requirements were calculated respectively. Furthermore, for restoring the ecological functions of wetland and preventing wetland degradation, the balance between supply and demand of water resource was analyzed, and an optimal allocation scheme of water resources was proposed based on three kinds of equilibrium.     

水景水量配置供需平衡比较研究——以北京朝阳公园为例

水资源供需分析是当前水资源研究领域的热点问题。为了高效节约公园水景用水,本文运用生态环境需水量和最大用水定额计算方法,以北京市朝阳公园为案例区,对其水景的水量配置供需关系进行对比分析,结果显示：在不考虑水体净化和公共用地取水量的情况下,朝阳公园的最大生态环境需水量为193．71万m^3,中等生态环境需水量为189．81...     

中国大都市区科技资源配置效率研究——以京津冀、长三角和珠三角地区为例

随着21世纪知识经济时代的到来,科技创新成为经济社会持续发展的助推器;其中,大都市区是科技活动的聚集地。在中国,京津冀地区、长江三角洲地区和珠江三角洲地区在国家创新体系中扮演着重要的角色。文章通过分析京津冀、长三角和珠三角地区科技资源投入产出的主要指标,阐述了3大都市区的科技发展态势,并运用熵值法和DEA模型方法,评价了科技资源配置综合效率。通过研究发现,京津冀、长三角和珠三角地区的科技发展态势及资源配置效率具有以下特点：①京津冀、长三角和珠三角地区是中国科技资源的主要聚集地;②京津冀地区的科技创新能力存在极化现象,创新单元分布不均衡;长三角和珠三角地区创新水平整体较为一致,有望成为中国最具创新活力的地区;③长三角和珠三角地区的科技资源配置综合效率整体优于京津冀地区。     

万木林青年和老龄常绿阔叶林乔木层碳贮量分配特征

了解森林生物量碳分配特征,对于森林碳贮量和碳汇估算、森林碳汇经营和生物多样性保护有重要意义.本课题选择福建省万木林自然保护区青年(约47 a生)和老龄(约120 a生)常绿阔叶林为研究对象,根据生物多样性调查结果和生物量异速方程,计算乔木层生物量碳贮量,并分析其高度级、径级和树种间的分配特征.结果表明:1)青年林碳贮量为115.03 t.hm-2,老龄林碳贮量为224.43 t.hm-2;2)青年林最大碳贮量出现在高度级Ⅶ级(15～17 m),为23.17 t.hm-2,而老年林最大碳贮量出现在高度级Ⅷ级(17～19 m),为62.96 t.hm-2;3)青年林中Ⅵ级(15 cm≤DBH<17 cm)的碳贮量最高,为34.25 t.hm-2,占总碳贮量的29.77%;在老龄林中最高碳贮量集中在XIX级(DBH≥41 cm),为60.03t.hm-2,占总碳贮量的26.78%;4)2个林分绝大部分碳贮量都集中在少数树种,大多数物种对碳贮量的贡献很微小.     

松潘—甘孜地区百年地震构造和现今动力学

研究区位于青藏高原的东北隅(96°～107°E,30°～35°N)。基于该地区长度大于2km的4 781条1∶20万数字化实测断裂、1900年以来的5 220条数字地震记录,以及野外地质观测数据,识别出993条不同属性的地震断层,构建了该地区百年地震构造格局。1970年以来十年期地震断层跃迁图像表明,自20世纪80年代中期白马—虎牙强烈震群爆发之后,地震活动在沿各主要走滑断层带自西(北西)向东(南东)迁移的同时,逐渐向中部贡玛—达曲断裂带和南部鲜水河断裂带的东南段集中。地震活动的断裂构造联系主要表现为挤压剪切转换机制和典型的楔顶效应。研究区165个GPS速度矢量展现了与3个地块和以鲜水河断裂带为主的速度域、速度梯度带和速度扰动区。跨研究区南缘鲜水河断裂带的位移速率因贡玛—达曲断裂带汇聚而达到了6.5～8.6mm/a,而跨北缘东昆仑断裂带的位移速度只有1.8～2.2mm/a。因鲜水河断裂走向在其中南段发生向南的急剧偏转,垂直断层面的位移矢量分量不断增强,形成了汶川8.0级地震成核及NE向单边破裂的动力学条件。     

基于厦门Udsms软件批量分幅图制作研究

为了保证资料属性和要素的完整性,厦门市国土资源与房产管理局开发的Udsms软件体现得非常方便和完美。可是在分幅图制作输出方面由于软件自身因素则有所欠缺。以原软件为基础、如何结合现有软件和通过开发软件达到快速输出制作分幅图的目的将是本文所要探讨的内容。     

An agent-based model for optimal land allocation (AgentLA) with a contiguity constraint

Spatial optimization is complex because it usually involves numerous spatial factors and constraints. The optimization becomes more challenging if a large set of spatial data with fine resolutions are used. This article presents an agent-based model for optimal land allocation (AgentLA) by maximizing the total amount of land-use suitability and the compactness of patterns. The essence of the optimization is based on the collective efforts of agents for formulating the optimal patterns. A local and global search strategy is proposed to inform the agents to select the sites properly. Three sets of hypothetical data were first used to verify the optimization effects. AgentLA was then applied to the solution of the actual land allocation optimization problems in Panyu city in the Pearl River Delta. The study has demonstrated that the proposed method has better performance than the simulated annealing method for solving complex spatial optimization problems. Experiments also indicate that the proposed model can produce patterns that are very close to the global optimums.     

Optimal spatial land-use allocation for limited development ecological zones based on the geographic information system and a genetic ant colony algorithm

Limited development ecological zones (LDEZs) are often located in poverty-stricken, ecologically vulnerable areas where ethnic minorities reside. Studies on optimal spatial land-use allocation in LDEZs can promote economic and intensive land use, improve soil quality, facilitate local socioeconomic development, and maintain environmental stability. In this study, we optimized spatial land-use allocations in an LDEZ using the geographic information system (GIS) and a genetic ant colony algorithm (GACA). The multi-objective function considers economic benefits and ecological green equivalents, and improves soil erosion. We developed the GACA by integrating a genetic algorithm (GA) with an ant colony algorithm (ACA). This avoids a large number of redundant iterations and the low efficiency of the GA, and the slow convergence speed of the ACA. The study area is located in Pengyang County, Ningxia, China, which is a typical LDEZ. The land-use data were interpreted from remote sensing (RS) images and GIS. We determined the optimal spatial land-use allocations in the LDEZ using the GACA in the GIS environment. We compared the original and optimal spatial schemes in terms of economic benefits, ecological green equivalents, and soil erosion. The results of the GACA were superior to the original allocation, the ACA, and the multi-objective genetic algorithm, in terms of the optimum, time, and robust performance indexes. We also present some suggestions for the reasonable development and protection of LDEZs.