地磁异常二维反演与应用

文章通过一个地面磁测勘查项目,探讨了地磁异常二维反演的方法与步骤,介绍了一个实例的应用效果。     

Rocky desertification poverty in Southwest China: Progress,challenges and enlightenment to rural revitalization

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Rocky desertification poverty (RDP) refers to rural poverty triggered or exacerbated by rocky desertification, which deprives farmers of opportunities for...     

气候变化和人类活动在沙漠化过程中相对作用评价综述(英文)

Climate change and human activities are the two kinds of driving forces in desertification,and assessing their relative role in desertification is of great significance to deeply understanding the driving mechanisms and preventing desertification expansion.This paper has systematically reviewed the progress of the researches on assessing the relative role of climate change and human activities in desertification from qualitative,semi-quantitative and quantitative aspects respectively.The authors found that there were still some problems in the previous researches.For example,the subjectivity in assessment was obvious,the assessment cannot be easily repeated,and the assessment and its results were always based on administrative regions and less taken and expressed in a continuous space.According to the progress of previous researches and the works conducted by the authors recently,we put forward a quantitative approach by selecting NPP as a common indicator to measure the relative role of climate change and human activities in desertification and dividing the ecological process of "driving force effect-dynamic response of desertified land" into several scenarios.Meanwhile,validation and scale of assessment should be taken into account when quantitative assessment of the relative role of climate change and human activities in desertification are carried out.     

塔里木河下游土地沙漠化及其原因探讨国家

土地沙漠化作为极其重要的环境和社会问题正困扰着当今世界,威胁着人类的生存和发展。塔里木河下游地区是我国沙漠化最严重的地区之一,作为内陆河流下游地区的沙漠化典型代表,不少学者对塔里木河下游沙漠化的成因、发展及相关问题进行过讨论。在实地考察和前人研究的资料基础上,对塔里木河下游土地沙漠化及其成因、沙漠化对下游地区可持续发展的危害进行了探讨。     

黄河源区土地沙漠化及其对土壤碳库的影响研究

沙漠化过程不仅影响着区域社会经济稳定、可持续发展,而且对地球表层物质循环和能量转换过程产生重要的影响。因此,沙漠化对草地生态系统土壤碳库汇效应有重要的影响。结合黄河源区沙漠化过程的定量研究,探讨土地沙漠化过程对高寒草甸生态系统土壤碳库的影响。研究结果表明,从1990—2000年黄河源区沙漠化不仅表现为面积的扩展,而且表现为沙漠化程度的加重,沙漠化扩展和程度加重面积达1 067.69 km²。根据野外实测土壤剖面样品的理化分析测试确定的不同沙漠化土地的土壤有机碳密度,结合沙漠化土地的变化,获得从1990—2000年黄河源区沙漠化导致土壤有机碳流失量达4.11×10⁶ t,每年从土壤中流失的有机碳平均为0.41×10⁶ t。认为自然与人为因素导致的青藏高原高寒草甸生态系统的退化,不仅影响了高原区域可持续发展,而且将由碳汇转变为碳源并对全球气候的变化产生重大的影响。     

从国家自然科学基金资助项目看喀斯特学科基础研究的发展

通过对国家自然科学基金资助的喀斯特基础研究项目分析,表明其资助对喀斯特基础研究的发展和研究队伍的培养都起到了重要支撑和导向作用。喀斯特基础研究项目的主题从最初的地质地貌和水文等逐步过渡到喀斯特生态环境问题及古环境和古气候重建等方面。而鉴于喀斯特基础研究的地域特点,不断加大的地区基金支持力度和资助额度应该有利于对喀斯特地域特色的生态环境和生物资源等的研究和保护。文章还就喀斯特基础研究中的石漠化问题的薄弱面进行了探讨,认为加强这些方面的资助必将对促进其科学问题的解决和为石漠化的治理奠定坚实科学基础。      

论岩溶峰丛洼地石漠化的综合治理技术——以广西平果果化示范区为例

广西平果县果化生态重建示范区面积600hm^2,为典型岩溶峰丛洼地,居民贫困、石漠化严重。2001年以来,通过详细调查研究,因地制宜建立了适合峰丛洼地地貌结构特点的复合型立体生态农业模式:开发20多种乡土树种,人工诱导封山育林310hm^2,开发表层岩溶泉、岩溶天窗和隐伏岩溶管道水资源每年1万多立方米,引进了多种优质高效果树和药材,培植了生态产业,在土地整理的基础上,采用综合措施对岩溶土壤进行了改良,在开发引进多种适宜优质牧草的基础上发展家庭养殖业,提高了生态和农业生产的效果和效率,不但石漠化得到治理,峰丛洼地生态逐步恢复,而且农民纯收入年均增加20％,促进了区域经济的发展。      

The causes and processes responsible for rocky desertification in karst areas of southern China

The karst region of southern China is a fragile ecological zone with widespread rocky desertification. This paper describes the rocky desertification occurring in this region in terms of both natural and anthropogenic factors. During geological time periods, the region’s changing environment governed the natural rocky desertification processes, whereas during historical and modern times, anthropogenic processes have been superimposed on these natural processes. Human activities have accelerated and exacerbated rocky desertification. The period from the beginning to the middle of the Qing dynasty was an important transitional period in which human activities began to exert a particularly strong influence on rocky desertification. Since then, the effect of anthropogenic factors has increasingly exceeded the effect of natural factors. The rocky desertification process in southern China’s karst region combines surface ecological processes (including vegetation degradation and loss, soil erosion, surface water loss, and bedrock solution) with a reduction of the land’s biological productivity, leading to degradation that produces rocky desert. Controlling rocky desertification requires comprehensive development of sustainable agriculture and economic development that provides employment alternatives to agriculture and thereby promotes the rehabilitation of rocky desertified land.     

中国沙区人居环境安全研究的初步探讨

沙漠化严重威胁沙区人居环境安全,研究沙区人居环境安全保障技术,是关系到民族生存空间的迫切任务。基于人居环境理论的介绍,阐述了沙区人居环境的概念、内涵、分级和研究尺度,初步勾勒了沙区人居环境安全研究的内容体系和评价方法。在深入讨论导致沙区人居环境恶化根源的基础上,认为从资源环境和人类社会两个互相耦合的维度上,从沙区人居环境这一综合的系统整体入手,是防沙治沙技术研究重大突破的一个方向。