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51.
52.
Bjrn Grieger 《Global and Planetary Change》2002,34(3-4)
To drive an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM), land surface boundary conditions like albedo and morphological roughness, which depend on the vegetation type present, have to be prescribed. For the late Quaternary there are some data available, but they are still sparse. Here an artificial neural network approach to assimilate these paleovegetation data is investigated. In contrast to a biome model the relation between climatological parameters and vegetation type is not based on biological knowledge but estimated from the available vegetation data and the AGCM climatology at the corresponding locations. For a test application, a data set for the modern vegetation reduced to the amount of data available for the Holocene climate optimum (about 6000 years B.P.) is used. From this, the neural network is able to reconstruct the complete global vegetation with a kappa value of 0.56. The most pronounced errors occur in Australia and South America in areas corresponding to large data gaps. 相似文献
53.
With the technological improvements of satellite sensors, we will acquire more informationabout the earth so that we have reached a new application epoch of observation on earthenvironmental change and cartography. But with the enhancement of spatial resolution, somequestions have arisen in the application of using traditional image processing and classificationmethods. Aiming for such questions, we studied the application of IKONOS very high resolutionimage (1 m) in Xiamen City on Urban Vegetation Cover Investigation and discussed the differencebetween the very high resolution image and traditional low spatial resolution image at classification,information abstraction etc. It is an advantageous test for the large-scale application of very highresolution data in the future. 相似文献
54.
The susceptibility of cut slopes to landsliding can be reduced in certain circumstances by the establishment of a vegetation cover. However, the hydrological implications of allowing a cover to develop may offset the mechanical benefits of soil reinforcement by roots. The balance between hydrological and mechanical effects is critical on slopes which are susceptible to the development of an infiltration-induced transitory perched water table, a common cause of landslides in deep, tropical residual soils. This balance is likely to change both between slopes of different types as well as temporally on any given slope. The net effect of a vegetation cover must be predicted either before natural vegetation covers are allowed to encroach on bare slopes, or if engineers are considering the use of trees as a protective measure. This paper presents a method of calculating the impact of a vegetation cover on slope stability. Simulations carried out on a wide range of slope types suggest that where failure is most likely to be triggered by infiltration rather than ground water rise, large-scale vegetation covers may contribute to instability. Whether vegetation had a positive or negative impact on slope stability was controlled by the permeability of the soil matrix, whilst the magnitude of impact was controlled by the soil strength and the slope height. 相似文献
55.
东山岛植被资源和物种多样性特征 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
调查100块样地共1hm^2并野外植被填困,岛上含维管植物84科160属184种,植物区系为热带,亚热带分布成分占部属数85.7%,对岛上16个群落中的植物种数和个体数作了物种丰富度指数D1、多样性指数D2、优势度指数D3、均匀度J等统计,其中相思树群落上述指数依次为8.124、12.502、2.878和71.93%;马尾松群落为8.676、18.468、3.354、83.13%,黑松群落为8.4 相似文献
56.
黑河下游绿洲植被优势种生物量空间分布及蒸腾耗水估算 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
基于典型样点试验,建立了研究区植被优势种柽柳、胡杨与苦豆子地上生物量与其生态参数关系模型;利用高分辨率遥感影像Geoeye-1对植被优势种进行分类得到生态参数,实现了其地上部分生物量空间分布估算;最后利用生物量与蒸腾系数关系,估算植被优势种蒸腾耗水。结果显示:植被优势种总生物量为2.53×106t,河流距离对生物量影响显著。根据试验测得的植被优势种蒸腾系数估算出总蒸腾耗水量为10.89×108t,柽柳、胡杨与苦豆子所占比例分别为12.94%,82.93%与4.13%。 相似文献
57.
The Influence of Vegetation Cover on Summer Precipitation in China: a Statistical Analysis of NDVI and Climate Data 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
This study provides new evidence for the feedback effects of vegetation cover on summer precipitation in different regions of China by calculating immediate (same season), and one-and two-season lagged correlations between the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and summer precipitation. The results show that the correlation coefficients between NDVI in spring and the previous winter and precipitation in summer are positive in most regions of China, and they show significant difference between regions. The stronger one-and two-season lagged correlations occur in the eastern arid/semi-arid region, Central China,and Southwest China out of the eight climatic regions of China, and this implies that vegetation cover change has more sensitive feedback effects on summer precipitation in the three regions. The three regions are defined as sensitive regions. Spatial analyses of correlations between spring NDVI averaged over each sensitive region and summer precipitation of 160 stations suggest that the vegetation cover strongly affects summer precipitation not only over the sensitive region itself but also over other regions, especially the downstream region. 相似文献
58.
为研究风浪作用下水生植物对水流结构的影响,选取太湖中两种典型沉水植物(苦草与马来眼子菜)为研究对象,分别对苦草植物斑块与马来眼子菜植物斑块内外水体的瞬时流速进行野外现场测量,利用瞬时流速的能量谱分布将波浪流速与紊动流速分离,分别分析水生植物对时均流速、波浪流速以及紊动能的影响。风浪影响下,水体中存在流向与测量时近水面处盛行风向一致的水流;波浪流速以垂向流速为主,且波浪流速自水面向床底逐渐减小;紊动能在水面处达到最大值,并向床底方向逐渐减小。与无植被条件相比,苦草与马来眼子菜的存在减小了时均流速、波浪流速以及紊动能。两种植物形态上的差异,导致其对水流结构的影响不同:苦草叶片阻流面积在冠层中部达到最大,使得时均流速与波浪流速在苦草中部位置的减小程度最大;马来眼子菜叶片主要集中于冠层顶部(水面附近),其对时均流速以及波浪流速的减小作用在水面处达到最大。 相似文献
59.
新疆荒漠地区植被覆盖度遥感估算模型十分缺乏,给荒漠化监测等相关工作带来很大不便,开展植被覆盖度遥感估算经验模型研究,对于促进和完善相关地区的生态监测及研究工作具有积极的现实意义。通过对阜康市北部沙漠南缘和克拉玛依市中部平原荒漠进行无人机航拍,利用无人机遥感提取(光合)植被信息,并将无人机航拍影像的植被覆盖度统计单元与高分辨率卫星影像像元在空间上直接相对应,获取在高分辨率卫星影像像元尺度上的植被盖度,然后通过植被覆盖度和空间上与其相对应的源自高分辨率卫星影像的NDVI数据的拟合关系,建立基于源自高分二号影像的NDVI的阜康北部沙漠植被覆盖度遥感估算线性模型以及基于源自ZY1-02C影像的NDVI的克拉玛依平原荒漠植被覆盖度遥感估算二次多项式模型。研究中所采用的无人机遥感与卫星遥感相结合、植被覆盖度统计单元与卫星像元在空间上直接对应的方法,可避免以往相关工作中常以点位测量数据代表卫星像元数据所带来的不确定性。由于所用卫星影像的NDVI数据稳定性相对不足等原因,所建立的遥感估算模型的估算精度尚相对偏低,有待于今后进一步的工作加以改进。 相似文献
60.
研究现代地表沉积物有机碳同位素与植被-气候的关系,对于重建过去气候变化过程有重要意义。然而,对于气候变化幅度大、生态环境脆弱的浑善达克沙地,尚缺少相关的研究。本研究对浑善达克沙地进行了全面采样,对42个地表样品进行了有机碳同位素分析。结果表明,浑善达克沙地表土有机碳同位素(δ13C)介于-25.0 ‰ ~-19.4 ‰ 之间,平均为-22.2 ‰。通过两端元方法估算,研究区C4生物量介于0~46% 之间,平均为17.9%,与前人的C4植被调查结果有很好的可比性。相关分析表明,C4生物量与年降水量呈显著负相关关系,而与温度关系不大,这表明在该地区年均温差异较小的情况下,降水可能是控制C4植物生物量的主要因素; 另外,推测也可能是研究区C3生物量的变化主导地表有机碳同位素的变化。建立的δ13 C-年降水量转换函数,预期可用于重建浑善达克沙地全新世降水量的变化。 相似文献