特殊大地形背景下塔里木盆地夏季降水过程及其大气水分循环结构

对塔里木盆地夏季降水过程和复杂的大气水分循环结构进行了分析,采用常规气象观测、探空及其不同网格NCEP等再分析数据,通过塔里木盆地视热源、水汽汇、涡度、散度三维动力结构以及相关小波周期分析、水汽输送通道相关矢量场及其Fluxpart轨迹模型等各类方法,综合剖析该区域大气热源与夏季降水过程及其水分循环结构特征。计算分析结果表明塔里木盆地沙漠边界层辐射强日变化叠加上周边C型大地形“山谷风”效应,导致高山环抱盆地及沙漠区的独特水、热过程与局地环流特征。     

沙漠非传统节事旅游的影响因素及驱动机制——以阿拉善沙漠e族英雄会为例

沙漠非传统节事旅游正在兴起,并对地方经济、文化产生深刻影响。以阿拉善沙漠e族英雄会为例,结合问卷调查和地理探测器,探究了沙漠非传统节事游客出游的影响因素及驱动机制,并为沙漠非传统节事旅游的发展提出建议。结果表明：（1）亚文化群体是沙漠非传统节事旅游的主导者,具有亚文化性、团体性、爆发性和跨地域性特征。（2）影响沙漠非传统节事旅游的推力因素依次为社交和休闲 > 附带出游 > 求新求异 > 寻求亚文化归属;拉力因素依次为亚文化主题活动 > 商品展销 > 英雄会文化 > 地域文化,推、拉力驱动因子之间交互作用并呈双因子非线性增强,形成“T （推力）激发旅游需要—L （拉力）催生旅游动机—T、L共同促成旅游行为”的驱动过程。（3）沙漠非传统节事旅游流的产生一般要在推力和拉力的相互作用下经历旅游需要—旅游动机—旅游需求—旅游决策—旅游行为5个阶段。     

基于网络文本的巴丹吉林沙漠旅游者偏好研究

巴丹吉林沙漠是中国第二大沙漠,号称世界上最美的沙漠。本文基于网络游记文本数据,采用内容分析法,研究巴丹吉林沙漠旅游者偏好特点。结果表明:(1)旅游者对巴丹吉林沙漠旅游吸引物、旅游活动和旅游活动方式的偏好既丰富多样,又具有相对一致性,特征词汇频率分布拟合曲线服从幂律分布,基本符合二八规律。(2)旅游者偏好的巴丹吉林沙漠旅游吸引物包括自然景观和人文景观两大类,并以自然景观为主。(3)旅游者偏好的巴丹吉林沙漠旅游活动以徒步、越野、探险等三大类活动为主。(4)巴丹吉林沙漠旅游者偏好自助旅游活动方式。(5)旅游者对巴丹吉林沙漠旅游的情感体验不仅丰富多样,而且以美好震撼为主要特征。     

干旱荒漠风沙区沙化土地综合整治技术研究——以古浪县黄花滩治沙示范区为例

采用“四带一体”的模式,对示范区沙漠化土地进行综合整治。试验结果表明：在干旱荒漠区,以低矮流动沙丘为主的沙漠化土地,采用“前沿阻沙林带+固沙林带+植物活体沙障阻沙带+封沙育林育草带”的“四带一体”防护模式,取得了显著的防护效果。示范区农作物受沙害面积从治理前的37.7%减少到治理后第1年的14.2%,第2、3年未受风沙危害;防护带后0.5 m和1.5 m高处平均风速较旷野分别降低75.9%和63.4%,平均输沙量从防护带前的2 556.1 mg·cm^-1·h^-1降低到防护带后的3.41 mg·cm^-1·h^-1;筛选出沙拐枣、花棒、沙枣、白榆、沙蒿为流动沙丘和丘间低地适宜的造林树种;粘土沙障设置以2 m×2 m为宜,麦草、尼龙网沙障1 m×1 m效果较好。造林初期,以沙米和碱蓬为主的一年生植物能够在林下大量繁衍, 盖度达到50.2%和34.1%, 对初期的沙丘固定发挥作用, 但也大量的消耗了浅层沙丘土壤水分。随着人工林的生长,一年生植物逐渐衰退,3年后深根系的天然沙蒿逐渐繁衍,盖度达到10%。     

Response of low flows under climate warming in high‐altitude permafrost regions in western China

The increase in low flows (winter discharge and minimum monthly discharge), caused primarily by permafrost degradation, is common in high‐latitude permafrost regions, whereas the dynamics of low flows in high‐altitude permafrost regions remain largely unknown. Long‐term discharge data from 28 unregulated catchments in western China were analysed, and the findings showed that winter discharge/minimum monthly discharge significantly increased (p ≤ 0.1) in 82/82%, 55/64%, and 0/0% of the catchments in the higher‐latitude mountain permafrost regions (Tienshan Mountains), mid‐latitude mountain permafrost regions (Qilian Mountains), and mid‐ to low‐latitude plateau permafrost regions (the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers), respectively. The differences in permafrost type and the distribution of permafrost and alpine cold desert (which is similar to tundra) were found to be the main causes for the different responses in the low flows. The rate of change of low flows (winter discharge and minimum monthly discharge) was negatively and linearly correlated with permafrost coverage when coverage was less than 40% of the catchment area, whereas the low flows changed only slightly when the permafrost coverage exceeded 40%. A significant thickening of the active layer increased the low flows in the lower permafrost‐covered catchments, which are dominated by warm permafrost. However, in the higher permafrost‐covered catchments with cold permafrost and a cold climate, only an increase in permafrost temperature (without a notable thickening of the active layer) occurred, resulting in non‐significant changes in low flows.     

阿拉善地区古水下沉积物与风沙沉积物磁学特征及意义

风力搬运过程中存在的物质分选极可能导致沉积区与物源区沉积物性质出现差异,对于研究物源示踪具有重要的意义。选取阿拉善地区古水下沉积物和风沙沉积物,进行磁学参数测定,调查分选作用对沉积物性质的影响,并探讨对中国黄土高原黄土物源研究的启示。结果表明：古水下沉积物与风沙沉积物的细砂组分磁学性质基本一致,但粉砂组分则存在明显差别,古水下沉积物的磁性矿物浓度显著低于风沙沉积物,风力分选作用可能是风沙沉积物粉砂组分磁性强的主要原因;古水下沉积物中高矫顽力矿物浓度较低,受沉积后改造作用微弱,指示古水下沉积物可用于黄土物源示踪研究。阿拉善地区沉积物和黄土高原黄土的磁学性质对比表明：风沙沉积物与黄土高原黄土磁学性质存在明显差别,但古水下沉积物与黄土高原黄土磁学性质却十分相似。这一地质证据支持阿拉善地区是黄土高原黄土沉积物的重要物源区,同时暗示古水下沉积物在黄土物源示踪方面的巨大潜力。     

新疆阜康绿洲荒漠过渡带植物群落物种多样性特征

分别采用重要值、盖度、多度计算多样性指数、均匀度指数、丰富度指数、优势度指数，对新疆阜康荒漠地区植物群落的物种多样性进行了研究。结果表明：1)各类型群落的物种多样性水平表现为红柳、红砂、梭梭这三个群落较高，肉叶雾冰藜群落、叉毛蓬群落、盐爪爪群落、囊果碱蓬群落和雾冰藜群落居中，无叶假木贼群落和碱蓬群落较低；2)研究区总体群落物种多样性水平较低，随着群落演替其物种多样性水平呈现低—高—较高的变化趋势；3)对荒漠植被，以重要值或盖度为指标计测多样性指数较为可行。     

中国北方风沙沉积物气候代用指标对比研究

在浑善达克沙地和巴丹吉林沙漠各选择近NS走向的大断面采集表层样品,用筛析法对样品进行粒度分析,用Eijkelkamp碳酸钙测定仪测定其碳酸钙含量。两地沙质沉积物的粒度参数对比结果显示,巴丹吉林沙漠沙总体上比浑善达克沙地沙粗,分选性比浑善达克沙地沙好,同时在粒度分布频率曲线上表现出明显的双峰,这应与其地处冬夏季风交替地带、冬季风和夏季风搬运营力上的差别有关。巴丹吉林沙漠和浑善达克沙地沙质沉积物粒度参数上的差别反映了两地不同的风动力条件和下垫面性质。浑善达克沙地的沙粒较细在一定程度上也与该地区较湿润条件下的成土作用有关。气候差异应是导致两地沙质沉积物粒度参数区别的主导因素。碳酸钙测量结果说明,浑善达克沙地的碳酸钙含量明显低于巴丹吉林沙漠。巴丹吉林沙漠沙的碳酸钙含量从北往南呈增加趋势,与该地区年降水量的南北方向变化相一致。从对这两个地区沙质沉积物的碳酸钙含量对比中可以看出,即使在干旱背景下,当多年平均降雨量达到一定临界值时,地表碳酸钙含量将达到一最大值,随后则呈降低趋势     

陕北沙漠区地下工程交通竖井方案的选择

＂涌沙＂是陕北沙漠区坑井工程普遍遇到的地质灾害问题,不同工程位置、不同岩土结构特征、不同水文地质条件下,井内涌沙的潜在危害迥异。研究竖井所在位置的地质条件,针对性地采取措施,避免竖井内涌沙是工程顺利竣工的关键。通过对已有工程事故的分析汇总,归纳出沙漠区可行的3种交通竖井方案及其适用的地质条件,并指出了每种方案在设计及施工过程中应引起高度重视的节点问题,具有一定的推广价值,可供同行借鉴。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Geographical Aspects of Health and Disease in India . Rais Akhtar and A.T.A. Learmonth , eds . Antarctic Treaty System: An Assessment . Proceedings of a Workshop at Beardmore South Field Camp, Antarctica. American Electoral Mosaics . J. Clark Archer and Fred M. Shelley . Kompas op Suidwes-Afrika/Namibie . W.S. Barnard , ed . Jerusalem in the 19th Century: The Old City . Yehoshua Ben -Arieh . The World as a Total System . Kenneth E. Boulding . A Social History of Housing 1815–1985, Second Ed . John Burnett . Human Migration . W.A.V. Clark . Regional Population Projection Models . Andrei Rogers . The State of Population Theory: Forward from Malthus . David Coleman and Roger Schofield , eds . Imagining Tomorrow: History, Technology and the American Future . Joseph C. Corn , ed. Swidden Agriculture in Indonesia: The Subsistence Strategies of the Kalimantan Kantú . Michael R. Dove . Glacial Geologic Processes . David Drewry . Physics of Desertification . Farouk El -Baz and M.H.A. Hassan , eds . Housing the Homeless . Jon Erickson and Charles Wilhelm , eds . Settlement Patterns in Missouri: A Study of Population Origins, with a Wall Map . Russel L. Gerlach . Desert Development: Man and Technology in Sparselands . Yehuda Gradus , ed . Nuclear Winter. The Evidence and Risks . Owen Greene , Ian Percival and Irene Ridge . The Take-off of Suburbia and the Crisis of the Central City . Günter Heinritz and Elisabeth Lichtenberger , eds . Regional Input-Output Analysis . Geoffrey J. D. Hewings . Spatial Transportation Modeling . Christian Werner . The Atlas of Georgia . Thomas W. Hodler and Howard A. Schretter , eds . Latin America. 5th ed . Preston E. James and C.W. Minkel . Applied Remote Sensing . C.P. Lo . Localities, Class, and Gender . The Lancaster Regionalism Group . Urban Social Movements: The City after Castells . Stuart Lowe . Politics and Method . Doreen Massey and Richard Meegan , eds . Land Use . A. S. Mather . The Kingdom of Coal . Donald L. Miller and Richard E. Sharpless . The Presidio and Militia on the Northern Frontier of New Spain, A Documentary History, Vol. 1: 1570–1700 . Thomas H. Naylor and Charles W. Polzer , S.J., comps . and eds . Nuclear Power: Siting and Safety . Stan Openshaw . The Central African Republic: The Continent's Hidden Heart . Thomas O'Toole . Environmental and Dynamic Geomorphology . Márton Pécsi , ed . Remote Sensing Principles and Interpretation . Floyd F. Sabins , Jr . Acid Rain and Friendly Neighbors: The Policy Dispute between Canada and the United States . Jurgen Schmandt and Hilliard Roderick , eds . Earth's Changing Surface: An Introduction to Geomorphology . M.J. Selby . International Migration: The Female Experience . Rita J. Simon and Caroline B. Brettell , eds . On Geography and Its History . D.R. Stoddart . Transportation Networks: A Quantitative Approach . D. Teodorovic . Processes in Physical Geography . R.D. Thompson , A.M. Mannion , C.W. Mitchell , M. Parry , J.R.G. Townshend . Imaging Radar for Resources Surveys . J.W. Trevett . Dominance and Affection: The Making of Pets . Yi -Fu Tuan . Capturing the Horizon. The Historical Geography of Transportation since the Transportation Revolution of the Sixteenth Century . James E. Vance , Jr . Nations at Risk: The Impact of the Computer Revolution . Edward Yourdon .