基于GIS和RS的自贡市长山盐矿区生态环境评价

根据研究区生态环境特点和评价指标选取的原则,选取土壤湿度、土地利用/覆盖、地形地貌、土壤盐碱化、土地压占与破坏指数为影响要素层,以评价指标体系中的各个主要细节为指标层,建立长山矿区生态环境评价指标体系,并运用层次分析法确定各评价指标的权重。通过目视解译与计算机自动提取相结合的方式提取评价指标信息,并对各个评价指标进行量化分级以及标准化,运用加权综合评价法建立研究区生态环境综合评价模型,将长山矿区生态环境质量划分为优、良、中、差、劣五个等级。     

Analysis of Microbial Molecular Ecology Techniques in Constructed Rapid Infiltration System

The microbial molecular ecology techniques,which were developed on the basis of molecular,were applied in studying the bacteria in Constructed Rapid Infiltration(CRI) system.These techniques are very efficient in better describing the bacterial diversity,microbial community distribution,and relations between microbial group structure and nitrogen contamination through the analysis of microbial nucleic acid sequence fragment in CRI.The results further revealed the removal mechanism of contamination,which is ...     

云南西北部丽江—剑川地区古近纪宝相寺组石英砂颗粒表面特征

石英砂具有丰富的颗粒表面特征,是判别沉积环境的重要标志。利用扫描电镜对云南丽江—剑川地区宝相寺组（E2b）的石英砂颗粒表面特征进行了系统分析：下部样品具水成特征,中部样品具风成特征,上部样品则具经水流改造后的风成特征。结合野外观察结果,从宝相寺组石英砂颗粒表面特征的变化规律可以看出,下部为近源洪积环境、中部为风成沙丘环境、上部为湖泊环境。其中中部样品的石英砂磨圆、分选极好,普遍具有标准的碟形、新月形撞击坑和毛玻璃化表面,是典型的沙漠砂沉积。     

云南西北部丽江—剑川地区古近纪宝相寺组 石英砂颗粒表面特征

石英砂具有丰富的颗粒表面特征,是判别沉积环境的重要标志。利用扫描电镜对云南丽江—剑川地区宝相寺组(E2b)的石英砂颗粒表面特征进行了系统分析:下部样品具水成特征,中部样品具风成特征,上部样品则具经水流改造后的风成特征。结合野外观察结果,从宝相寺组石英砂颗粒表面特征的变化规律可以看出,下部为近源洪积环境、中部为风成沙丘环境、上部为湖泊环境。其中中部样品的石英砂磨圆、分选极好,普遍具有标准的碟形、新月形撞击坑和毛玻璃化表面,是典型的沙漠砂沉积。     

Cadastralizing or coordinating the clam commons: Can competing community and government visions of wild and farmed fisheries be reconciled?

This paper considers socio-political, ecological, and economic dimensions of local efforts to negotiate local control over state-sponsored development of clam aquaculture in one region of British Columbia, Canada. Aquaculture is conceptualized as a type of cadastralization, following James Scott's characterization of state efforts to make the productivity of landscapes more measurable for purposes of rent generation and taxation. The discussion invites a rethinking of community resistance to development as less about the notion of development itself than about the terms under which it occurs, since the community engages in its own form of cadastralization as a negotiating strategy. The concept of cadastralization enriches common property theory approaches to ownership and management by highlighting the key role of technological innovations in allowing global market forces to more easily penetrate local property relationships. At the same time it enables new forms of resistance and assertion of local visions of development.     

Subtidal macroalgal richness,diversity and turnover,at multiple spatial scales,along the southwestern Australian coastline

Patterns of species richness are governed by processes that act at vastly different spatial scales. In the marine system of southwest Australia, macroalgal assemblage structure and richness is thought to be strongly influenced by both the Leeuwin Current, which acts at large regional spatial scales, and small-scale processes such as competition, wave disturbance and habitat heterogeneity. We examined macroalgal species richness and diversity at multiple spatial scales using a three-factor hierarchal design. Spatial extents ranged from metres (between quadrats) to many hundreds of kilometres (between regions), and the study encompassed almost 2000 km of temperate coastline. Macroalgal assemblages were highly speciose and the number, identity, and diversity of species varied considerably at all spatial scales. Small scale variability, at the scale of site or quadrat, contributed most to total variation in species richness and diversity, suggesting that small-scale processes are important drivers of ecological pattern in this system. Species richness, diversity and taxonomic distinctness increased sequentially along the coastline, from warmer to cooler waters. Small scale variability was most likely maintained by wave disturbance and habitat heterogeneity at these scales, while regional scale diversity and richness clines were attributed to the fact that most species had cool-water affinities and the southern coast of Australia is a hotspot of floral speciation and diversity. Macroalgal assemblages in southwest Australia are speciose and largely endemic, and biodiversity patterns are structured by multiple processes operating at multiple spatial scales.     

Ecology of macrobenthos in the south of Zhejiang coastal waters

为了解浙江南部近岸海域海洋生态环境质量的现状及其变化趋势,2009年4月对浙江南部近岸海域的12个站位进行了大型底栖生物的分类、组成、丰度、生物量以及多样性的研究．应用Bray—Curtis相似性系数聚类和多维尺度排序,对浙江南部近岸海域的大型底栖生物进行群落划分;采用丰度生物量比较法分析群落的稳定性;并研究了对大型底栖生物产生影响的主要环境因子．本次调查共鉴定大型底栖生物109种,多毛类、软体动物和甲壳动物构成主要类群．平均生物量为23．38g／m^2,平均丰度为335．5ind／m^2,平均生物多样性指数为2．69．数量组成：生物量以软体动物居首（13．29g／m^2）,鱼类次之（3．68g／m^2）;丰度以多毛类居首（268．0ind／m^2）,软体动物次之（51．7ind／m^2）．浙江南部近岸海域可划分为3个群落．与环境因子进行相关性分析表明,有机污染含量、深度、溶解氧含量、盐度和悬浮物含量是对浙江南部近岸海域大型底栖生物产生影响的主要环境因子．总体上,除了瓯江口和乐清湾海域受到一定扰动,浙江南部近岸海域大型底栖生物环境质量较好,群落结构较为稳定．     

Population dynamics of marine ciliate Euplotes vannus (Protozoa, Ciliophora) in different artificial seawaters

To study population dynamics of marine ciliates in different artificial seawaters (ASW), the population growth dynamics of a common marine ciliate Euplotes vannus were investigated using beef extract media and rice media for five types of ASW and natural seawater (NSW). The results show that: (1) the population growth rate was in the order of NSW>Flack ASW>Nakamula ASW>Schmadz ASW>Oshima ASW>Subow ASW and was considerably higher in rice media than in beef extract media (apart from Subow ASW); (2) the maximum density of E. vannus in stationary phase in each treatment was ranked as Flack ASW>Nakamula ASW>Schmadz ASW>NSW>Oshima ASW>Subow ASW, and was again higher in rice media than in beef extract media (except for Subow ASW); (3) the exponential and stationary phases were longer in rice media than in beef extract media; (4) strains of E. vannus that had been domesticated for >1 year in ASW grew significantly slower, with lower maximum density and longer stationary phase than those isolated and maintained in NSW. It was demonstrated that: (1) E. vannus may grow well in Flack, Nakamula and Schmads ASW compared with NSW (mainly in terms of growth rate); and (2) Oshima ASW is the preferred choice for stock cultures of E. vannus, but the ASWs Flack, Nakamula and Schmadz are preferred for mass culture. These findings suggest that these three ASWs are effective for the cultivation of marine protozoa for experimental studies on ecology, toxicology and molecular biology.     

英国荒岛文学二元对立思维范式探析——以《鲁宾逊漂流记》为例

英国文学对人性的善与恶的解读往往走两个极端,体现出强烈的二元对立思想。英国荒岛文学自然也无法摆脱这种思维范式,而且折射出明显的殖民意识。《鲁宾逊漂流记》就是典型代表,作品中的"主体"象征着正义和理性,而"客体"则代表邪恶和愚昧。"主体"始终处于征服者和支配者的地位,而"客体"则一定处于被征服和被支配的地位。简单的二元对立思维一方面表现出英吉利民族强烈的民族优越感,另一方面也体现出作者海洋观以及世界观的时代局限性。     

不同除草制度对沙区栽培甘草生长发育的影响

 研究了沙坡头植物迁地保育基地种植26 a的甘草在3种除草制度下的生长发育状况。结果表明:①从种植第11年开始连续16 a除草的样地中甘草植株开始生长最早,26 a内仅除草一年的样地次之,未除草的对照样地甘草生长开始最晚,但最终高度差异不大。②从种植第11年开始每年除草的样地中甘草株平均花序、果序、成熟种子数量及果序/花序、果序长度和种子重/生殖部分重和生殖部分重/地上生物量值最大,26 a内只除草一年的样地次之,而未除草样地甘草不能开花结实,不能完成生活史;除草仅一年样地甘草能正常开花结实,但分配给繁殖的生物量比例较连续16 a除草样地低。③杂草改善了早期沙区土壤贫瘠的状况,有利于甘草生长发育,而后期杂草的大量扩散使其与甘草竞争加剧,从而抑制甘草的生长发育。