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81.
Pn arrivals from mining-induced earthquakes on the edge of the Witwatersrand basin show that the P wavespeeds in the uppermost mantle are almost constant throughout most of the Kaapvaal craton. The presence of only small wavespeed variations allows the use of a simple method of estimating crustal thicknesses below the stations of the Kaapvaal broad-band network using Pn times that has been compared with results from receiver functions. One thousand three hundred thirty-seven Pn arrivals were used to derive crustal thicknesses at 46 stations on the Kaapvaal craton. The average crustal thicknesses for 19 centrally located stations on each of the northern and southern regions of the craton that yielded well-constrained thicknesses were 50.52±0.88 km and 38.07±0.85 km, respectively. In contrast, the corresponding average thicknesses determined from receiver functions were 43.58±0.57 km and 37.58±0.70 km, respectively. The systematically lower values for receiver functions in the northern part of the Kaapvaal craton that was affected by the Bushveld magmatism at 2.05 Ga, suggest that the receiver functions do not enable the petrological crust mantle boundary to be reliably resolved due to variations in composition and metamorphic grade in a mafic lower crust. The Pn times also suggest pervasive azimuthal anisotropy with maximum wavespeeds of about 8.40 km/s at azimuths of about 15° and 217° in the northern and southern regions of the craton, respectively, and minimum wavespeeds of about 8.25 km/s. 相似文献
82.
Flexure of the Indian plate and intraplate earthquakes 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The flexural bulge in central India resulting from India's collision with Tibet has a wavelength of approximately 670 km.
It is manifest topographically and in the free-air gravity anomaly and the geoid. Calculations of the stress distribution
within a flexed Indian plate reveal spatial variations throughout the depth of the plate and also a function of distance from
the Himalaya. The wavelength (and therefore local gradient) of stress variation is a function of the effective elastic thickness
of the plate, estimates of which have been proposed to lie in the range 40–120 km. The imposition of this stress field on
the northward moving Indian plate appears fundamental to explaining the current distribution of intraplate earthquakes and
their mechanisms. The current study highlights an outer trough south of the flexural bulge in central India where surface
stresses are double the contiguous compressional stresses to the north and south. The Bhuj, Latur and Koyna earthquakes and
numerous other recent reverse faulting events occurred in this compressional setting. The N/S spatial gradient of stress exceeds
2 bars/km near the flexural bulge. The overall flexural stress distribution provides a physical basis for earthquake hazard
mapping and suggests that areas of central India where no historic earthquakes are recorded may yet be the locus of future
damaging events. 相似文献
83.
Amy E. Clifton Carolina Pagli Jna Finndís Jnsdttir Kristjana Eythorsdttir Kristin Vogfjr 《Tectonophysics》2003,369(3-4):145-154
Three large earthquakes (Mw>4.5) were triggered within 5 min, 85 km west of a Mw 6.5 earthquake in the South Iceland Seismic Zone (SISZ). We report on surface effects of these triggered earthquakes, which include fresh rupture, widespread rockfall, disrupted rockslides and block slides. Field data confirm that the earthquakes occurred along N-striking right-lateral strike-slip faults. Field data also support the conclusion from modeling of InSAR data that deformation from the second triggered event was more significant than for the other two. A major hydrological effect was the draining of water through an open fissure on a lake bed, lowering the lake level by greater than 4 m. Field relationships suggest that a component of aseismic slip could have been facilitated by water draining into the fault zone. 相似文献
84.
分析了深厚表土层地面注浆加固过程中井壁的受力特点,介绍了金桥矿副井表土段地面注浆加固过程中井壁的应变观测结论,提出了深厚表土层井壁外注浆加固工程的井壁安全保证核心技术。 相似文献
85.
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88.
位于川西地区的奔子栏——唐克深地震测深剖面以NNE走向穿越松潘——甘孜造山带.根据人工地震记录分析得到的震相走时和相关的振幅信息,确定了该剖面二维P波地壳速度结构.剖面的地壳结构可分为5层,其中第1,2,3层为上地壳;第4,5层为下地壳.上地壳中部普遍存在低速异常带,但龙日坝以北,这一低速带与其上覆的低速基底合为一体.同时,沿剖面的地壳速度结构具有较强的横向变化.据此,可将剖面分为4段,即甘孜——理塘断裂以南、甘孜——理塘断裂至鲜水河断裂、鲜水河断裂至龙日坝断裂和龙日坝断裂以北. 这与区域构造划分基本一致. 地壳厚度沿测线从南西向北东逐渐减薄,即从金沙江畔的62 km减小到黄河附近的52 km. 根据PmP震相分析,莫霍界面深度在鲜水河断裂两侧没有明显变化.全剖面的地壳平均速度较低,为6.30 km/s.奔子栏——唐克剖面揭示了该地区的造山带型地壳上地幔结构特征.鲜水河断裂带位于剖面的中部,该地区的上地壳速度为正异常,而下地壳和上地幔顶部存在负异常.笔者认为,这是一类有利于强震孕育和发生的深部构造环境. 相似文献
89.
钢结构住宅体系墙板及墙板节点足尺模型振动台试验研究 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:5
本文对山东安尔发建筑科技有限公司开发的钢结构住宅体系的墙板及墙板节点足尺模型进行了模拟地震振动台试验研究,分析了该体系的自振特性、地震反应特征和破坏现象,特别对外墙板及内墙的节点的抗震性能进行了深入研究,得出了有益的结论,为钢结构住宅体系的进一步推广提供了试验依据。 相似文献
90.
The crustal fluid evolution and the causes of earthquakes(Ⅲ) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
徐常芳 《地震学报(英文版)》1997,(2)
Thecrustalfluidevolutionandthecausesofearthquakes(Ⅲ)CHANG-FANGXU(徐常芳)InstituteofGeology,StateSeismologicalBureau,Beijing1000... 相似文献