近30年来苏锡常城市增长形态过程与聚散规律

基于苏锡常地区多时相遥感数据,采用缓冲区分析方法和象限分位分析方法,并结合景观格局指数,定量比较苏州、无锡、常州城市建设用地近30 a来扩展过程,研究城市空间分散-集中的规律性,揭示城市增长空间模式特征。结果表明:1979～2006年间苏锡常城镇用地面积扩展巨大,3市扩展强度指数随圈层半径变化轨迹高度一致,扩展强度峰值约10 a向外推移2 km;苏锡常城镇扩展形态均呈分散-集中交替变化,但研究中未观测到完整周期;城市外部轮廊变化差异明显,以开发区为代表的政府干预行为主导城市扩展方向。苏州城市用地扩展主要集中在东片工业园区和南部城区,无锡城市用地各向扩展相对均衡,常州城市用地扩展主要集中在北部高新技术产业区及城东工业区。     

中国入境旅游热点城市知名度认知的空间相关性

 旅游知名度是游客旅游决策的主控影响因素之一,也是旅游目的地获取潜在客源的重要手段。以我国入境旅游热点城市知名度为研究内容,从入境游客认知视角,在大样本入境游客实证调查资料的支持下,运用Moran指数和相关性检验,分析了我国入境旅游热点城市知名度认知的空间相关性,检验结果显示：我国入境旅游热点城市知名度认知具有正向空间自相关属性,其空间分布特征具有明显的类型与等级差异。相关性检验结果显示：入境旅游热点城市知名度认知存在地域相邻高度相关;沿海入境旅游热点城市知名度认知存在高度相关;入境旅游热点城市知名度认知具有明显的类型或等级相关;国际焦点关注的入境旅游热点城市认知与其它城市之间存在高度相关。     

新加坡常规公交系统发展经验及对我国的启示

优先发展公共交通是解决我国城市交通问题、实现城市交通可持续发展的必由之路。在我国社会经济发展的新阶段,公交优先对落实能源战略、促进环境保护、集约节约用地、建设低碳城市具有重要意义。通过解析新加坡常规公交系统的成功经验,探求其对我国城市常规公交系统新一轮发展策略的有益启示,以期为我国城市交通的进一步跨越式发展提供参考依据。     

基于可达性的中小文化旅游城市旅游潜力分析

旅游潜力是旅游产业发展规划研究的重要内容之一。旅游交通可达性作为城市旅游发展及潜力挖掘的先行条件,一直是中小旅游城市旅游屏蔽效应下突破瓶颈的关键环节。目前旅游潜力相关研究多从市场和资源开发的角度结合某一类型旅游形式对大中城市的旅游潜力进行评价,而从不同尺度的区域交通影响角度结合旅游可达性对中小城市旅游潜力的研究较少。本文基于构建的可达性评价指标体系从中观尺度对全国范围内34个中小文化旅游城市所属地市的旅游交通可达性进行评价;基于1 h、2 h、3 h交通圈层从微观尺度对全国范围内34个中小文化旅游城市时间可达腹地的旅游交通可达性进行分析,并结合评价分析结果对中小文化旅游城市交通可达因素影响下的旅游潜力进行分析。结果表明：中小文化旅游城市所属地市市域范围内的交通可达系数与其旅游潜力具有较高的相关性。四川盆地附近、长江下游及三角洲附近市域范围内可达性高的城市会极大提高其下辖中小旅游城市的可进入性,而成为其下辖中小文化旅游城市的客源中转站和重要客源潜力市场。所属地市和邻近县市较高的经济产出和良好的交通可达条件可以为中小文化旅游城市提供必要的经济支持和旅游集散功能条件,从而使这些地区的中小文化旅游城市旅游潜力比其他地区拥有更多的比较优势。     

岩溶山区县级成熟型资源城市经济发展空间差异及演化——以四川省兴文县为例

以乡镇为基本单元,通过乡镇组别人均GDP差异、泰尔指数和分离系数探讨近10年来(2006-2015年)岩溶山区县级成熟型资源城市四川省兴文县经济发展空间差异及演化。结果表明:近10年来该县乡镇间人均GDP的绝对与相对差异、泰尔指数(由0.1088上升到0.1697,上升了55.97%)和乡镇组别间分离系数(由2.4041上升到2.8414)均持续上升,经济发展差异呈增大趋势。乡镇组别内经济差异比乡镇组别间差异大(对总体差异的平均贡献率分别为70.43%和29.51%),而乡镇组别间经济差异的上升幅度(76.21%)高于乡镇组别内的上升幅度(47.94%)。乡镇组别泰尔指数均值排序为:矿业组(0.2370)>工业组(0.0624)>旅游与矿业组(0.0581)>农业组(0.0108),工业、矿业和农业等乡镇组别的泰尔指数分别上升了193.13%、27.69%和20.18%,而旅游与矿业组则下降了30.95%。经济发展过度依赖资源、工业园区建设、宏观经济影响、旅游开发单一、农业整体滞后且不均衡等是该县经济发展空间差异及演化的主要原因。今后应实施多元产业综合发展、各类乡镇因地制宜实施差异化发展、注重经济发展与环境保护的协调统一等策略。     

城市生命周期及其理论模型

纵观城市发展历程,很多城市在经历了兴起,发展的过程之后走向衰落,该文讨论工业化时代的城市生命周期理论,介绍并给出三种城市生命周期及其相关理论模型,大都市,中小城市,城市开发区,同时探讨城市生命周期理论在我国城市建设和管理中的应用。     

Paradoxes of modernity: imperial Rio de Janeiro, 1808–1821

This paper examines the spatial dynamics of urbanism in Rio de Janeiro during the early nineteenth century. Conventional narratives of modernisation fail to capture the complexities of this moment, between 1808 and 1821, when the city replaced Lisbon as the capital of the Portuguese empire. The position of colony and metropolis were inverted, Portuguese absolutism was bolstered by British liberalism, and a market-economy arose alongside the expansion of slavery. As the newly-created imperial capital, Rio felt the effects of these various transformations: the physical boundaries of the city rapidly expanded, its economy diversified and the cultural life of the city was re-shaped. Our aim in this paper is to understand this particular moment of urban transformation as a product of the intersection of global networks of trade, slavery and industrial capitalism. Rather than depicting the historical geography of the city as a passive space for European conquest and expansion, we consider the extent to which its urban dynamics were shaped by a distinct local geography of globalisation. In particular, we examine the interrelated spatialities that are part and parcel of the modernising process.     

Postcolonialising Geography: Tactics and Pitfalls

The moves within postcolonial theory to "provincialise Europe" encourage an acknowledgement of the parochial nature of much of what still passes for universal theory in the western academy. Within geography, postcolonialism has generated a strong interest in colonial histories and contemporary postcolonial politics, but this has not displaced the dominant parochial forms of theorising in the discipline. The paper argues for a more cosmopolitan theoretical project within geography, one whose routes through a range of intellectual traditions and contexts might encourage a broader scope to conversations about space and nature, and produce more lively and creative insights into some of the urgent political issues facing the world today. A geography whose intellectual vision is limited to the concerns and perspectives of the richest countries in the world has little hope of effectively participating in the debates that will matter in the twenty-first century. Within the frame of this long-term intellectual project, this paper will suggest some initial practical steps which researchers, writers, teachers and students in geography might take to start to decentre the predominant Euro-Americanism of the discipline. The specific sources of inspiration for this argument are drawn from comparative urbanism and Southern African geography.     

'Lunch is for wimps': what drives parents to work long hours in 'successful' British and US cities?

This paper reflects on the impact of long working hours on home–work–family reconciliation from a household perspective. It focuses on discrete interactions between long working hours for households with two parents engaged in paid employment, raising awareness of the integrated nature of work–life balance. Attention is paid to the 'strong economy paradox' confronting dual earning households in 'successful' cities. Evidence is presented to suggest limited resistance to long hours as well as diverse ways one partner adapts their mode of employment to fit the constraints of the other.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Development and Environment in Peninsular Malaysia . S. Robert Aiken, Colin H. Leigh, Thomas R. Leinbach, Michael R. Moss. The Rural-Urban Fringe: Canadian Perspectives . Ken B. Beesley and Lorne H. Russwurm, eds. Women and Development . Lourdes Benería, ed. The Border that Joins: Mexican Migrants and U.S. Responsibility . Peter G. Brown and Henry Shue, eds. Cities of the World: World Regional Urban Development . Stanley D. Brunn and Jack L. Williams, eds. Time Resources, Society, and Ecology: On the Capacity for Human Interaction in Space and Time (Vol. I, Preindustrial Societies). Tommy Carlstein. Urban Geography . David Clark. Spanish City Planning in North America . Dora P. Crouch, Daniel J. Garr, and Axel I. Mundigo. Not On Our Street: Community Attitudes to Mental Health Care . M. J. Dear and S. M. Taylor Unequal growth: Urban and Regional Employment Change in the U.K. Stephen Fothergill and Graham Gudgin. Agricultural Land in an Urban Society . Owen J. Furuseth and John T. Pierce. The Petroleum Industry in Oil-Importing Developing Countries . Fariborz Ghadar. Historical Understanding in Geography, An Idealist Approach . Leonard Guelke. Regional Planning in Europe . R. Hudson and J. R. Lewis, eds. Remote Sensing for Resource Management . Chris J. Johannsen and James L. Sanders, eds. Geography and The State . R. J. Johnston. Texas Graveyards: a Cultural Legacy . Tlrry G. Jordan. The Politics of Location: An Introduction . Andrew Kirby. A Social Geography of the City . David Ley. Energy and the Future . Douglas MacLean and Peter Brown, eds. The Natural Environment of Newfoundland Past and Present . A. G. Macpherson and J. B. Macpherson, eds. Tourism: Economic, Physical and Social Impacts . Alister Mathieson and Geoffrey Wall. Railroads and Land Grant Policy: A Study in Government Intervention . Lloyd J. Mercer. Progress in Rural Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Progress in Urban Geography . Michael Pacione, ed. Models of Spatial Inequality: Settlement Patterns in Historical Archaeology . Robert Paynter. Natural Hazard Risk Assessment and Public Policy, Anticipating the Unexpected . William J. Petak and Arthur A. Atkisson. The Nature of Geomorphology . Alistair F. Pitty. Regional Conflict and National Policy . Kent A. Price Women and Spatial Change: Learning Resources for Social Science Courses . Arlene C. Rengert and Janice J. Monk, eds. Urban and Regional Analysis for Development Planning . Richard Rhoda. Rivers: Form and Process in Alluvial Channels . Keith Richards. This Remarkable Continent: An Atlas of United States and Canadian Society and Culture . John F. Rooney, Jr., Wilbur Zelinsky, and Dean R. Louder, gen. eds. The Origins of Open-Field Agriculture . Trevor Rowley, ed. Residential Location Determinants of the Older Population . Gundars Rudzitis. Borderland Sourcebook: A Guide to the Literature on Northern Mexico and the American Southwest . Ellwyn R. Stoddard, Richard L. Nostrand, and Jonathan P. West, eds. Arctic and Antarctic . David Sugden. Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, February 22–24, 1979, Proceedings No. 16 . Graphic Communication and Design in Contemporary Cartography (Progress in Contemporary Cartography , Vol. II). D. R. Fraser Taylor, ed. Living with Energy Shortfall: A Future for American Towns and Cities . Jon Van Til. The United States: Habitation of Hope . J. Wreford Watson. Air Photo Interpretation for Archaeologists . D. R. Wilson. Urban and Rural Change in West Germany . Trevor Wild, ed. Population and Resources . Harry Robinson.