中国西部典型盆山结合带:西秦岭-临夏盆地深地震反射剖面沿线岩浆岩岩石地球化学测试数据集

西秦岭造山带位于青藏高原的东北缘,其岩石圈结构与变化记录着高原向东北发展演化的深部过程信息。西秦岭造山带也是中国资源开发的远景区,特别是随着全球石油的紧缺,我国石油地质界加快了新区勘探,西秦岭造山带与其两侧盆地被列为中国油气勘探评价值得重视和重新认识的战略选区之一。在野外观测的基础上,对跨越西秦岭和位于南祁连的临夏盆地的深地震反射剖面沿线的重要地质体进行了系统采样,开展了锆石U-Pb地质年代学、全岩元素和同位素（Sr和Nd）组成的测试工作。西秦岭—临夏盆地深地震反射剖面沿线重要岩浆岩岩石地球化学测试数据集中共包含3个数据表,分别为合作北部西秦岭造山带和临夏盆地内岩浆岩的锆石LC-MC-ICP-MS定年数据（共计7个测试样品、145个测试点,测试精度为（2σ）均为2%）、合作北部西秦岭造山带和临夏盆地内岩浆岩的主量元素和微量元素特征（共计33个测试样品,每个样品有69个测试项,含量大于10×10^-6的元素的测试精度为5%,而小于10×10^-6的元素精度为10%）、合作北部西秦岭造山带和临夏盆地内岩浆岩的Sr和Nd同位素特征（共计27个测试样品,Sr和Nd同位素的测试精度分别为±0.000010（n=18）,和±0.000011（n=18））。这些数据为厘定不同岩浆岩的形成年代和地球化学性质,从而更好地解译地震反射剖面揭示的深部地质构造所代表的构造意义。     

基于GF-3和Landsat 8遥感数据的土壤水分反演研究

基于我国首颗全极化雷达卫星高分三号（GF-3）和Landsat8数据,研究浓密植被覆盖地表土壤水分反演方法。为了提高浓密植被覆盖地表土壤水分反演精度,首先利用PROSAIL模型、实测植被参数及Landsat8光学数据分析了8种植被指数与植被冠层含水量的相关性,从中优选出归一化差异水指数（NDWI₅）用于反演植被冠层含水量,并通过分析植被含水量和植被冠层含水量的关系,构建植被含水量模型;然后结合植被含水量反演模型和简化MIMICS模型校正了植被对雷达后向散射系数的影响,最后基于AIEM建立裸土后向散射系数模拟数据集,发展一种主动微波和光学数据协同反演浓密植被覆盖地表土壤水分模型,并以山东省禹城市为研究区,实现了玉米覆盖下HH、VV和HH+VV 3种模式土壤水分反演。实验结果表明： ① NDWI₅为最佳植被指数,对于去除植被影响有较好效果;② 基于此方法,利用GF-3和Landsat8卫星数据反演得到的土壤水分具有较高的精度;③ 相比HH和VV两种极化模式,HH+VV双通道模式对土壤水分反演结果更好,决定系数（R2）为0.4037,均方根误差（RMSE）为0.0667 m ³m ^-3。     

基于多平台训练的海洋平台极短期运动预报研究

在风浪流等环境条件的共同作用下,浮式海洋平台会在六自由度方向上进行摇荡运动,进而对海上作业安全构成了严峻的威胁。准确的运动极短期预报,可以作为输入条件,提高运动补偿装置的性能;另一方面也可以提供及时的实时预警信息,指导安全作业。深度学习算法是指模型通过对现有的数据进行学习,在大量的训练后使得其能够提取到数据的特征,进而能够根据输入数据对未来进行预测。通过对若干海洋平台的模型试验数据进行学习,建立了基于长短期记忆神经网络（LSTM）的深度学习模型。模型实现了对未来20~40 s内的垂荡和纵荡运动的精确预报,预报精度总体可达到80%~90%以上,并以此对模型的输入、输出窗口长度以及波浪相位差开展了敏感性研究。通过多平台混合训练得到了输入、输出窗口长度以及波浪相位差三者间的合适比例关系,并以此为基础拓展了预报时间长度,为深度神经网络模型给出了推荐的构型参考。     

高原切变线的客观识别与时空分布的统计分析

本文利用计算机客观识别技术,稳定地识别出高原切变线并分析了高原切变线的气候特征。通过对比三套常用的高分辨率再分析资料（ERA-Interim、NCEP CFSR和JRA-55）在高原地区中低层大气的适用性,筛选出与高原地区500 hPa风场较为吻合的NCEP CFSR（National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate ForecastSystem Reanalysis）再分析资料作为基础数据,根据人工判识切变线的基本标准与计算机几何学知识,定义了高原切变线的客观识别标准。对客观识别出的2005~2015年高原切变线与《青藏高原低涡切变线年鉴》中的结果进行对比分析与验证,并在此基础上统计分析了近11年高原切变线的气候特征。高原切变线年均生成49.4条,其中东部型切变线年均38条,是高原切变线的基本型;高原切变线维持时间多为6 h;切变线两侧的水平散度、垂直涡度和总变形三个物理量的大值区均出现在94°~95°E。客观识别高原切变线的方法可以较为高效地识别高原切变线,为高原切变线研究提供了新的途径。     

基于镶嵌数据集的省级“一张图”影像管理

比较传统的数据管理模式,采用文件系统＋数据库系统存储管理模式。广东省“一张图”影像数据以Mr-SID的压缩形式存储,并通过ArcGIS的镶嵌数据集,完成影像数据和元数据的入库,解决了省级海量影像数据管理和应用的技术瓶颈,实践证明该管理方式可行。     

GIS与GPS管道特征定位应用

输送石油和天然气的管道多埋在地下,免于受地面上人、动物的破坏.地下管道特征的定位,如焊缝、阀门、缺陷、异常等,传统方法主要采用扯皮尺和PCM探测,这种方法受地形和建筑设施的影响很大,如果地面参照物破坏,找到特征比较费时,准确性差.目前的GIS和GPS技术,可避免这些缺点,通过GIS将各种管道数据整合到一起,获取管道特征...     

Soil and water conservation measures improve soil carbon sequestration and soil quality under cashews

Land degradation is becoming a serious problem in the west coast region of India where one of the world's eight biodiversity hotspots,the‘Western Ghats’,is present.Poor land management practices and high rainfall have led to increasing problems associated with land degradation.A long-term(13-year)experiment was done to evaluate the impact of soil and water conservation measures on soil carbon sequestration and soil quality at three different depths under cashew nut cultivation on a 19%slope.Five soil and water conservation measures-continuous contour trenches,staggered contour trenches,halfmoon terraces,semi-elliptical trenches,and graded trenches all with vegetative barriers of Stylosanthes scabra and Vetiveria zizanoides and control were evaluated for their influence on soil properties,carbon sequestration,and soil quality under cashews.The soil and water conservation measures improved significantly the soil organic carbon,soil organic carbon stock,carbon sequestration rate and microbial activity compared to the control condition(without any measures).Among the measures tested,continuous contour trenches with vegetative barriers outperformed the others with respect to soil organic carbon stock,sequestration rate,and microbial activity.The lower metabolic quotient with the measures compared to the control indicated alleviation of environmental stress on microbes.Using principal component analysis and a correlation matrix,a minimum dataset was identified as the soil available nitrogen,bulk density,basal soil respiration,soil pH,acid phosphatase activity,and soil available boron and these were the most important soil properties controlling the soil quality.Four soil quality indices using two summation methods(additive and weighted)and two scoring methods(linear and non-linear)were developed using the minimum dataset.A linear weighted soil quality index was able to statistically differentiate the effect of soil and water conservation measures from that of the control.The highest value of the soil quality index of 0.98 was achieved with continuous contour trenches with a vegetative barrier.The results of the study indicate that soil and water conservation measures for cashews are a potential strategy to improve the soil carbon sequestration and soil quality along with improving crop productivity and reducing the erosion losses.     

鄂尔多斯盆地地下水无机指标数据集(2014-2015年度)

本数据集包含了2014年、2015年两年内在鄂尔多斯盆地采集的742个地下水样品的位置信息、取样层位信息及35项无机地球化学成分测试结果信息。采样过程规范,结果均由合格实验室测试完成,数据质量可靠。可以真实反映该时段鄂尔多斯盆地地下水质量状况,为研究鄂尔多斯盆地地下水循环演化提供地球化学指标参考。     

基于台风年鉴资料的台风风-压公式重建

基于台风年鉴1981—2000年资料建立了西北太平洋分纬度、分强度的系列台风风-压拟合关系式。经2001—2005年的数据验证,显示了台风中心最低气压与近中心地面最大风速间关系的稳定性以及拟合公式的适用性,因而可作为早年台风估测风速偏大的订正依据。统计分析显示,台风越强其风-压关系越稳定;在纬度分布上,位于10～30 ?N时台风风-压关系较稳定。以此为基础提出了早年台风风速、频数的订正方法,并重建了1950—1979年西北太平洋台风年频数和我国近海台风破坏力指数等气候序列。     

The Indian Ocean HydroBase: A high-quality climatological dataset for the Indian Ocean

The present study developed a high-quality climatological dataset for the Indian Ocean - the Indian Ocean HydroBase (IOHB) - from a combined dataset including the World Ocean Database 1998 version 2 (WOD98v2). Methods are similar to those used by previous studies for other oceans. Japanese data for the IOHB originated from the Japanese datasets MIRC (Marine Information Research Center) Ocean Dataset 2001 and Far Seas Collection; these datasets contain more Japanese observations than WOD98v2. Water mass properties in the IOHB climatology are consistent with previous studies. Seasonal patterns of properties near the sea surface are well reproduced, and deep-layer properties are consistent with the Reid-Mantyla climatology that is derived from high-quality observations. The isopycnal climatology of the IOHB differs from the World Ocean Atlas 2001 (WOA01) along the fronts associated with the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). The WOA01 shows a warm and saline intermediate water intrusion from South Africa to the east along the northern edge of the front. Such an intrusion is absent in IOHB where less saline intermediate water extends continuously northward from the southern ocean. The WOA01 shows a continuous belt of low potential vorticity along the ACC. This feature is less distinct in the IOHB climatology and in the Reid-Mantyla climatology. The IOHB consists of a 1° × 1° gridded climatology and the datasets of raw and quality-controlled hydrographic stations. The latter is valuable for quality control of the Argo float salinity data as climatological reference. These datasets are available freely via the Internet.