利用NCEP/NCAR逐6 h 1°×1°全球分析资料、地面自动气象站资料等,从环流形势及主要物理量特征等对2018年首个登陆广东的台风"艾云尼"(1804号)给肇庆地区造成大雨到暴雨、局部大暴雨的天气过程原因进行分析。结果表明:菲律宾东面的热带低压加强,迫使副高东退,"艾云尼"处在弱的引导气流中,移动缓慢,降水时间较长;南海季风输送的暖湿气流、菲律宾以东洋面偏东气流和90°E越赤道北上气流为台风输送高温高湿的水汽,为暴雨产生提供了充沛的水汽;高层辐散、低层辐合,上升运动深厚而强盛,为暴雨的产生提供良好的动力条件;弱冷空气的侵入使斜压性增强,冷暖气流的对峙有利于降水幅度的增加。 相似文献
Limiting global warming to ‘well below’ 2°C above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5°C is an integral part of the 2015 Paris Agreement. To achieve these aims, cumulative global carbon emissions after 2016 should not exceed 940 – 390?Gt of CO2 (for the 2°C target) and 167 – ?48?Gt of CO2 (for the 1.5°C target) by the end of the century. This paper analyses the EU’s cumulative carbon emissions in different models and scenarios (global models, EU-focused models and national carbon mitigation scenarios). Due to the higher reductions in energy use and carbon intensity of the end-use sectors in the national scenarios, we identify an additional mitigation potential of 26–37 Gt cumulative CO2 emissions up to 2050 compared to what is currently included in global or EU scenarios. These additional reductions could help to both reduce the need for carbon dioxide removals and bring cumulative emissions in global and EU scenarios in line with a fairness-based domestic EU budget for a 2°C target, while still remaining way above the budget for 1.5°C.Key policy insights
Models used for policy advice such as global integrated assessment models or EU models fail to consider certain mitigation potential available at the level of sectors.
Global and EU models assume significant levels of CO2 emission reductions from carbon capture and storage to reach the 1.5°C target but also to reach the 2°C target.
Global and EU model scenarios are not compatible with a fair domestic EU share in the global carbon budget either for 2°C or for 1.5°C.
Integrating additional sectoral mitigation potential from detailed national models can help bring down cumulative emissions in global and EU models to a level comparable to a fairness-based domestic EU share compatible with the 2°C target, but not the 1.5°C aspiration.