Searching for market-based sustainability pathways: Challenges and opportunities for seafood certification programs in Japan

Over the past two decades, there has been a proliferation of consumer-facing, market-based initiatives for marine conservation—most notably in seafood eco-labels and sustainability certifications. Yet, despite the growing recognition of these initiatives by consumers and retailers in North America and Europe and the (subsequent) acceptance of their role in seafood distribution by fisheries and fish marketing industries around the world, seafood certification programs have thus far made little progress in Japan. Here, the evolution of the three seafood eco-label and certification programs in Japan is examined and insights into the ongoing challenges they face in terms of the domestic supply chain network, consumer preference and their social-cultural attitude toward sustainability are provided. Despite an initial lack of success, seafood certification programs in Japan can be useful in enhancing consumer awareness for fisheries resource conservation and identifying Japanese domestic small-scale fisheries that are already engaged in sustainable fishing practices. A possible pathway for developing an eco-certification program suitable for the Japanese seafood market is provided through integration of environmental and cultural sustainability under the existing certification framework.     

Stronger together: Strategies to protect local sovereignty,ecosystems, and place-based communities from the global fossil fuel trade

In the Pacific Northwest, residents are mobilizing to prevent the coastal export of fossil fuels and protect unique ecosystems and place-based communities. This paper examines the diverse groups, largely from the Bellingham area, and how they succeeded in blocking construction of what was to be the largest coal-shipping port in North America, the Gateway Pacific Terminal (GPT). Tribes, environmental organizations, faith-based groups, and other citizen groups used a multitude of approaches to prevent development, both independently and in concert. This paper reviews the various ways in which the groups collaborated and supported one another to resist the neoliberalization of the coast and support local sovereignty, unique ecosystems, and place-based communities. Groups like Power Past Coal, Protect Whatcom, and Coal-Free Bellingham fought for important and protective changes and evidenced communitywide political support, but the sovereign rights of the Lummi Nation were the legal bar to constructing the coal terminal.     

The heritage and cultural values of ancient Chinese maps

Ancient Chinese cartography dates back to the Western Jin Dynasty in the third century. Cartography was initiated during this period by Pei Xiu, a minister and cartographic expert, who suggested six principles of cartography. Pei Xiu, who is known as the father of Chinese cartography, oversaw the completion of the “Yu Gong Regional Maps”, along with 18 articles and the “Terrain Fangzhang Map” (AD 224–271). This led to a number of subsequent cartographic initiatives including the “Wooden Fangzhang Map” (an administrative map) which was completed by Xie Zhuang, a minister during the Southern Dynasties (AD 502–557), “Haineihuayi Tu” (Map of China and its neighbouring countries) (AD 730–805), drawn by Jia Dan, a cartographer of the Tang Dynasty, and “Shouling Tu” (an administrative map, AD 1031–1095), drawn by Shen Kuo, a scientist during the Northern Song Dynasty. Throughout the 16th century, ancient Chinese cartography developed continuously and cumulatively, and formed the specific characteristics of China ancient cartography. Although Western latitude- based and longitude-based mapping techniques introduced to China in AD 1460, the theories and methods of Chinese and Western mapping systems co-existed for over 400 years. The cultural heritage of Chinese cartography can be seen in many famous ancient Chinese maps, including astronomical figures and atlases (world, Chinese, regional, military, water conservancy, historical, and educational maps), charts, and maps of scenic spots. These have hitherto been kept in well-known archives and institutions across the world. They form an important part of the global cultural heritage of ancient maps and cartography. Given their high cultural value, these maps remain an important point of study. This paper provides a preliminary discussion on the rarity, application, and the historical, scientific, and artistic value of ancient Chinese maps.     

无人机遥感在大型不可移动文物三维重建中的应用

针对大型不可移动文物三维重建技术存在的困难,本文基于无人机遥感等平台,利用基于图片的三维重建技术,设计了一种低成本、简便高效、较高精度的大型不可移动文物的表面精细几何纹理获取与三维重建的技术流程,对建模中的技术问题进行了研究,并对其精度和实用性进行了评价。其结果较好地满足了文物测量的精度要求;为文物保护与展示等研究提供了新的思路,能全方位、近距离面向公众做三维展示;结果带有精确的地理位置信息,可作为三维GIS平台新的数据采集方法和数据源。     

广东基督教教案的时空演变 (1584~1910)

教案是外来宗教文化与本土文化激烈冲突最为直接的反映。对广东基督教教案时空演变的研究,恰能直观地反映出基督教文化在广东文化扩散和文化适应的历史地理过程。研究从相关历史文献中提取数据,并运用GIS图形技术和数理统计方法进行分析,发现1584~`1910年期间,广东基督教教案大致经历了初生、多发、高潮、衰退四个时期。其空间分布具有不均衡的特性:珠三角自始至终是教案发生的中心,潮汕地区和粤东客家地区也先后成为教案的分布次中心地。地理集中指数的测算进一步印证了教案分布的这一结构特征。从文化传播的模式看,广东基督教教案的扩散属于墨渍式迁移扩散,但也明显带有以人口密度为主、行政区等级为次的等级扩散特征。形成这种分布与扩散的地域文化成因则在于广东对内封闭、对外开放的整体地理环境和各民系地域文化差异的共同作用。     

中国艺术地理研究的回顾与展望

梳理了中国改革开发以来对艺术地理的相关研究,分别对文学地理、戏曲地理、音乐地理、美术地理以及书法地理5个研究内容与文化生态、文化区、文化景观、文化传播与整合5个研究主题进行了回顾,简要总结了中国国内的艺术地理研究的进程。在此基础上,探析今后中国艺术地理研究的视角和走向,认为应在研究内容以及研究方法上有所突破,研究方向应兼顾纵向和横向两方面,并提出了中国艺术地理未来的发展方向应该是多方合作的应用性、实用性的发展方向。     

西南地区生态文化旅游的开发与研究

作者运用SWOT分析方法对西南地区旅游资源的独特优势和存在的劣势、区域生态旅游业发展面临的挑战和机遇进行分析,指出西南地区应抓住西部开发的良好发展机遇,建立区域旅游市场开发适宜的机制,挖掘生态文化因素,变劣势为优势,化威胁为机遇,使旅游资源得到进一步的合理开发,达到提升区域旅游资源的市场价值,提升景点景区档次,推出并打响品牌,增强该区旅游竞争力的目的。     

非物质文化遗产保护与旅游开发的阶段性互动分析——以湖南虎形山花瑶乡的非物质文化遗产为例

中国的非物质文化遗产,尤其是独具少数民族特色的非物质文化遗产十分丰富。湖南省虎形山花瑶乡的非物质文化遗产有挑花艺术、打蹈舞、乌哇歌、花瑶服饰艺术等保存较好、文化内涵丰富、级别较高的非物质文化遗产。在一定条件下,这些非物质文化遗产能够与旅游相结合成为品级较高的旅游产品。旅游开发可以促进遗产保护,遗产保护好后反过来可以提升旅游开发层次,从而形成旅游开发和遗产保护的良性互动。在此互动过程中应注意运用社会学互动原理,根据互动各个阶段的具体特征进行针对性研究,采取正确的方法和手段以促进非物质文化遗产保护与旅游开发的良性互动,达到双赢。     

名城文化旅游开发的文化生态思考——以梅州市为例

文化旅游是名城旅游开发的核心,名城文化旅游开发中的文化环境问题是普遍存在的问题,以梅州市为例探讨名城文化旅游开发中的文化环境与文化生态.文化环境问题是客家文化旅游开发中存在的主要问题,通过对"客都"的文化内涵及其在环境感应下的客家文化生态特性的分析,提出名城文化生态的旅游开发理念:尊重名城文化生态要求,保护好名城文化生态,以文化生态的旅游开发方式科学展示名城文化.     

Situating nature: On doing cultural geographies of Australian nature

This paper concentrates on the practices and possibilities of doing poststructural cultural geographies of nature. The paper begins with an overview of the ways in which nature is being reconceptualised in social thought. It charts a middle territory between strong social constructivism and realist approaches, arguing for a relational understanding of nature and culture, and the extension of agency to non-humans--organic and artificial. These 'more than human worlds' (<citeref rid="b51">Whatmore, 'Hybrid geographies'</citeref>, Sage, London, 2002) pose considerable challenges for researchers. They open spaces for new subjects and new subjectivities, decentre human agency, and challenge more conventional methodological approaches that rely on a separation between subject and object. The paper considers the sorts of methodological shifts required for relational analysis, arguing for a multilayered, multivalent, embodied and situated approach. The practices of situatedness are emphasised in the Australian context, especially in relation to cross-cultural and postcolonial understandings. The paper concludes with a brief comment on the politics of doing such cultural geographies.