河湖水系连通理论基础与优先领域

河湖水系连通是中国正在推进的重大治水战略,是提高国家水资源统筹调配能力、水生态环境修复能力和河湖健康保障能力的重大举措,也是提高水旱灾害抵御能力的重要保障.目前河湖水系连通的知识比较零散,尚未形成系统的理论体系,河湖水系连通理论基础的研究,对理论体系的构建、战略的实施和持续推进具有重要意义.本文基于河湖水系连通的理论研...     

存储区域网技术及其在国土资源行业中的应用

本文简要介绍了存储区域网(SAN)的概念、结构及特点,对SAN与DAS、NAS存 储模式在性能、可用性等方面做了比较,并结合具体建设案例,指出了国土资源行业 存储系统建设采用SAN结构的优势。     

基于RS与GIS的南汇东滩围垦研究

RS和GIS技术是滩涂围垦监测最经济和有效的方法之一。本文基于1983年以来多期遥感影像,解译出了不同时期人工岸线的位置,在此基础上利用GIS技术分析了近30年来南汇东滩的围垦过程及其与滩涂淤涨速率的关系。结果表明,近30年来南汇东滩的围垦过程呈现＂由慢至快＂的发展趋势,经历了＂缓慢—稳步—高速＂三个发展阶段：（1）1983～1995年年均围垦速率约1.23km2/a,圈围速率较小;（2）1995～2000年为7.95km2/a,围垦速率处于稳步增长阶段;（3）2002～2005年为35.27km2/a,是围垦速率最大的阶段。2002年以前,围垦速率与滩涂淤涨速率基本一致,2002年之后,围垦速率远大于滩涂淤涨速率。本文认为8km2/a是南汇东滩适宜的围垦速度。2002年之后南汇东滩的快速围垦并没有导致上海整体滩涂面积的减少,围垦可不囿于局部滩涂面积的稳定,以全市总体滩涂面积和湿地水平的动态平衡,可为滩涂资源开发利用提供现实选择。     

A GIS-based method for defining snow zones: application to the western United States

This study maps the geographic extent of intermittent and seasonal snow cover in the western United States using thresholds of 2000–2010 average snow persistence derived from moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer snow cover area data from 1 January to 3 July. Results show seasonal snow covers 13% of the region, and intermittent snow covers 25%. The lower elevation boundaries of intermittent and seasonal snow zones increase from north-west to south-east. Intermittent snow is primarily found where average winter land surface temperatures are above freezing, whereas seasonal snow is primarily where winter temperatures are below freezing. However, temperatures at the boundary between intermittent and seasonal snow exhibit high regional variability, with average winter seasonal snow zone temperatures above freezing in west coast mountain ranges. Snow cover extent at peak accumulation is most variable at the upper elevations of the intermittent snow zone, highlighting the sensitivity of this snow zone boundary to climate conditions.     

基于多因素定量分析的农村居民点用地整理可行性研究

开展农村居民点用地整理是保护耕地资源、拓展建设用地空间、提高土地节约集约利用水平的重要实现途径,而项目的严格把关、科学决策是工作顺利推进的重要保障。以可行性研究为切入点,围绕准入基础和约束条件两大方面,尝试构建了由4个自然准入基础指标、3个经济准入基础指标、3个社会准入基础指标组成的准入评价指标体系和由4个生态环境影响指标、3个经济收益水平指标、4个社会服务功能指标组成的约束评价指标体系,从多因素、定量化角度对农村居民点用地整理项目的可行性进行全方位评价,实现从源头上开展科学评估、规避潜在风险。结合山东省淄博市桓台县马桥镇的农村居民点用地整理项目进行了评价应用和检验,具有普适性和推广性。     

农户层面农村宅基地流转研究进展与述评

农户层面研究对解析人地关系特别是农户与地理环境的相互作用所凸显的优越性与实践性收到学界的广泛推崇,成为当前学者研究农村发展与土地利用问题的重要手段。采用文献回顾法、归纳法,本文对国内外农户层面农村宅基地流转研究进行了归纳与对比分析。研究表明,国内外学者对宅基地流转的讨论对象与研究热点差异明显,研究方法与视角等也略有差异。国外学者对宅基地流转研究的关注度尚不多,已有成果主要集中在20世纪80 年代以前,研究多基于农户层面的问卷调查展开,偏重对流转过程中农户流转行为,流转区位选择,流转与逆城市化带来的影响展开;国内学者对宅基地流转的关注日益提升,研究内容涉及流转中农户权益保障的政策讨论,农户心理与行为响应分析,农户需求与收益分配研究,流转政策实施评价等方面,研究以经济地理学、行为经济学、社会学等理论为指导,以探求农户需求与保障农户权益为出发点展开讨论,大量运用调查数据展开实证讨论。今后研究应加强对流转过程中各个主体需求的讨论,并注重对农户生存与经济、社会与精神等需求层面关注,加强地理空间信息与社会经济环境相结合的研究,加强对农户模型与计量经济学方法的系统运用与校验。     

Characteristics and progress of land use/cover change research during 1990–2018

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Land use/cover change (LUCC) is the foundation and frontier for integrating multiple land surface processes. This paper aims to systematically review LUCC...     

区域水资源协调分析

本文建立了区域水资源协调分析的概念模型和通用多区域-多目标数学模型(MAOM),并结合新疆昌吉州的具体情况,运用目标规划法进行求解,确定了昌吉州近期和远景的水资源合理利用结构。     

Total evaporation estimation for accurate water accounting purposes: an appraisal of various available estimation methods

The estimation of total evaporation is fundamental for water accounting, considering its influence on water availability. Moreover, the current increase in water consumption (e.g. in sub-Saharan Africa and the world over), land cover/use changes, deteriorating water quality and the climate change projections in most regions of the world underscore the need to understand water loss. So far, different approaches have been developed and implemented in estimating the variations of total evaporation, with varying accuracies. The aim of this work was therefore, to provide a review of these different approaches for estimating total evaporation, as well as a detailed discussion of their strengths and weaknesses. Findings from this review have shown that total evaporation estimates derived, using ground-based meteorological and micro-meteorological methods are inadequate for representing its large-scale spatial variations. On the other hand, remote sensing technology, which acquires data at different resolutions (i.e. radiometric, spectral, spatial and temporal), provides timely, up-to-date and relatively accurate spatial estimates of total evaporation over large geographic coverage, for sustainable and effective water accounting, which is key for well-informed and improved management of water resources at both catchment and regional scales. In this regard, more details on the remote sensing-based methods of estimating total evaporation are provided, especially considering the robust technological advancements and its potential in characterizing earth features over time and space. This work has also managed to identify research gaps and challenges in the accurate estimation of total evaporation, using remote sensing, especially with the emergence of more advanced sensors and the characteristics of the landscape.     

陕西大理河流域土地利用/覆被变化的水文效应

近年来,土地利用/覆被变化的水文效应研究已成为国际的前沿和重点。在大理河流域,LUCC(包括水土保持措施)对水循环和水量平衡产生了深远影响,该流域LUCC水文效应的研究势在必行。根据研究区1990年代三期土地利用数据分析了LUCC的时空变化特征,采用特征变量时间序列法及降水-径流模型对LUCC水文效应进行了研究。结果表明:流域土地利用类型以耕地和草地为主,近10年来,耕地和草地面积有所减少,而林地和建设用地面积持续增加;流域年径流和月径流演化过程均表现出明显的下降趋势;LUCC及水土保持具有减少流域年径流、汛期流量以及增加枯季流量的作用,相对于降水因素,人类活动对流域水文的作用占主导地位;在1990~2000年期间,主要由LUCC引起的年均径流减少量达2616.6×10⁴ m³,占该期间实测减水总量的62.19%。