Comparison of upscaling cropland and non-cropland map using uncertainty weighted majority rule-based and the majority rule-based aggregation methods

Aggregation method is seriously impacted by the landscape characteristics, which has been emphasized due to proportional errors. This research proposed an uncertainty weighted majority rule-based aggregation method (UWMRB) to upscale the cropland/non-cropland map. The Cropland Data Layer for 2016 at 30m resolution, with its corresponding confidence level data, were collected to conduct the experiment using UWMRB and majority rule-based aggregation method. Proportional errors of crop/non-crop were used to assess the accuracy of the two methods. Ordinal logistic regression was used to obtain the probability of an error occurring to predict the uncertainty of both methods. The results show that UWMRB can achieve the lower proportional errors with lower uncertainty. Also, it can reduce the influence of complexity and fragmentation of landscape on aggregation performance. Additionally, the examination of UWMRB provides an important view of application of uncertainty information for upscaling land cover maps in an efficient way.     

基于MODIS数据的中国耕地高中低产田空间分布格局

人口的持续增长和食物消费水平的快速提升使得中国粮食自给问题越发受到关注。后备土地资源补给能力的不足和城市化过程对优质耕地的占用使得耕地资源"开源"和"节流"均存在一定困难,因此,提高耕地资源利用效率、提升耕地生产能力成为当前中国农业发展的根本策略,清晰地掌握全国高中低产田在空间上的分布区域成为国家中低产田改造与高标准农田建设规划的必要前提。本研究应用空间分辨率500 m的MODIS遥感数据和光能利用率模型,在空间上清晰地估算现实农田生产力的基础上,结合高分辨率的耕地分布数据和耕作制度区划信息,探索新的高中低产田划分方法,掌握中国高中低产田的空间分布格局。该方法既能够体现耕地资源条件的区域分异规律,也能表达耕地现实生产能力的空间差异性,并且有效克服了利用统计数据进行高中低产田划分时以县为统计单元导致的县内高中低产田格局不明确的问题。基于该方法划分的高中低产田分别占全国耕地面积的20.66%、39.56%以及39.78%。其中,低产田约有3/4分布于丘陵山地区;高产田则53%分布于平原区。高产田面积最大的五个省均位于黄淮海区域内,其面积总和占全国高产田面积的41.75%。耕地面积位列全国前三的黑龙江省、四川省和内蒙古自治区其高产田面积占比均不足15%。     

三峡工程建设期库区耕地的时空变化及驱动力分析

本文通过三峡工程建设前后15年三峡库区耕地的遥感动态监测和耕地变化分析,揭示出耕地变化的影响因子。2007年三峡库区耕地垦殖指数为0.25,三峡工程建设期,耕地资源减少4％,平均每年递减3 977hm2。耕地占补比例为26：1,占补不平衡,土地承载能力不足;减少耕地中优质耕地占61％,耕地质量总体下降;库区2007年人...     

基于GIS的典型黑土区海伦市耕地地力评价研究

以海伦市农田耕层0～20 cm采集的577个样点数据、土地利用现状图、区划图、土壤图和地貌图为基础数据,利用GIS空间分析、数学和土壤学等多学科交叉的方法,以多项重要指标为依据,对海伦市耕地地力进行了定量化的分析和评价.评价结果表明海伦市耕地地力整体水平为:一级地面积占总耕地面积的32.1%,二级地面积占52.9%,三...     

不同干扰下兴凯湖湿地植物群落的物种多样性研究

2009年8月,在兴凯湖国家级自然保护区天然湿地和兴凯湖农场的农田周围及位于二者之间的已排水湿地中,共设置了18个样地90个1 m×1 m的样方进行植物群落调查和研究。结果表明,天然湿地、已排水湿地和多年种植农田周围植物群落的优势物种组成有差异,物种丰富度分别为33种、53种和69种;物种丰富度的变化趋势与Shannon.Wiener指数、Pielou均匀度指数基本一致,与Simpson优势度指数相反,表明植物群落α多样性的变化为种植多年的农田周围最大,其次为已排水湿地、天然湿地;β多样性分析结果表明,已排水湿地与天然湿地之间的S(o|¨)renson指数达到0.465,而与种植多年的农田周围之间只有0.118;Jaccard指数的表现也相同,说明已排水湿地的植物群落处于湿地植物群落退化的早期。从天然湿地、已排水湿地到种植多年的农田周围,由于植物群落优势物种组成的变化,湿地生态系统的服务功能在不断丧失。湿地植物群落的多样性与稳定性之间关系复杂,生态系统功能评价在考虑植物群落的物种多样性的基础上,更要考虑群落优势物种的组成以及群落的演替趋势。     

城市扩张：土地利用、耕地保护与规制路径

由于经济体制、土地产权的特殊性,在我国的城市扩张中,城市政府扮瘴了个极为重要的角色。本文分析了政府在城市扩张中的行动逻辑与空间决策机制,并提出了相应的规制路径。     

Comparisons of cropland area from multiple datasets over the past 300 years in the traditional cultivated region of China

Land use/cover change is an important parameter in the climate and ecological simulations. Although they had been widely used in the community, SAGE dataset and HYDE dataset, the two representative global historical land use datasets, were little assessed about their accuracies in regional scale. Here, we carried out some assessments for the traditional cultivated region of China （TCRC） over last 300 years, by comparing SAGE2010 and HYDE （v3.1） with Chinese Historical Cropland Dataset （CHCD）. The comparisons were performed at three spatial scales： entire study area, provincial area and 60 km by 60 km grid cell. The results show that （1） the cropland area from SAGE2010 was much more than that from CHCD moreover, the growth at a rate of 0.51% from 1700 to 1950 and -0.34% after 1950 were also inconsistent with that from CHCD. （2） HYDE dataset （v3.1） was closer to CHCD dataset than SAGE dataset on entire study area. However, the large biases could be detected at provincial scale and 60 km by 60 km grid cell scale. The percent of grid cells having biases greater than 70% （〈-70% or 〉70%） and 90% （〈-90% or 〉90%） accounted for 56%-63% and 40%-45% of the total grid cells respectively while those having biases range from -10% to 10% and from -30% to 30% account for only 5%-6% and 17% of the total grid cells respectively. （3） Using local historical archives to reconstruct historical dataset with high accuracy would be a valu- able way to improve the accuracy of climate and ecological simulation.     

Spectral matching techniques (SMTs) and automated cropland classification algorithms (ACCAs) for mapping croplands of Australia using MODIS 250-m time-series (2000–2015) data

ABSTRACT

Mapping croplands, including fallow areas, are an important measure to determine the quantity of food that is produced, where they are produced, and when they are produced (e.g. seasonality). Furthermore, croplands are known as water guzzlers by consuming anywhere between 70% and 90% of all human water use globally. Given these facts and the increase in global population to nearly 10 billion by the year 2050, the need for routine, rapid, and automated cropland mapping year-after-year and/or season-after-season is of great importance. The overarching goal of this study was to generate standard and routine cropland products, year-after-year, over very large areas through the use of two novel methods: (a) quantitative spectral matching techniques (QSMTs) applied at continental level and (b) rule-based Automated Cropland Classification Algorithm (ACCA) with the ability to hind-cast, now-cast, and future-cast. Australia was chosen for the study given its extensive croplands, rich history of agriculture, and yet nonexistent routine yearly generated cropland products using multi-temporal remote sensing. This research produced three distinct cropland products using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 250-m normalized difference vegetation index 16-day composite time-series data for 16 years: 2000 through 2015. The products consisted of: (1) cropland extent/areas versus cropland fallow areas, (2) irrigated versus rainfed croplands, and (3) cropping intensities: single, double, and continuous cropping. An accurate reference cropland product (RCP) for the year 2014 (RCP2014) produced using QSMT was used as a knowledge base to train and develop the ACCA algorithm that was then applied to the MODIS time-series data for the years 2000–2015. A comparison between the ACCA-derived cropland products (ACPs) for the year 2014 (ACP2014) versus RCP2014 provided an overall agreement of 89.4% (kappa?=?0.814) with six classes: (a) producer’s accuracies varying between 72% and 90% and (b) user’s accuracies varying between 79% and 90%. ACPs for the individual years 2000–2013 and 2015 (ACP2000–ACP2013, ACP2015) showed very strong similarities with several other studies. The extent and vigor of the Australian croplands versus cropland fallows were accurately captured by the ACCA algorithm for the years 2000–2015, thus highlighting the value of the study in food security analysis. The ACCA algorithm and the cropland products are released through http://croplands.org/app/map and http://geography.wr.usgs.gov/science/croplands/algorithms/australia_250m.html     

RURAL POPULATION LOSS AND CROPLAND CHANGE IN THE SOUTHERN PLAINS: IMPLICATIONS FOR CROPLAND RETIREMENT POLICY∗

Given steadily increasing federal expenditures to manage surplus crop production, it would seem to make economic and environmental sense to concentrate production on the best acreage and to retire marginal crop acreage to alternate uses. A major obstacle constraining adoption and implementation of cropland retirement programs in the past has been the fear that cropland retirement threatens the viability of rural communities. Regression of change in population and retail establishments on changes in farm structure, nonfarm employment, and agricultural land-use in the rural Southern Plains between 1930 and 1970 provides only weak evidence to support this fear. In fact, short-term cropland idling under post-1960 price-support programs appears to pose more of a threat to rural communities than does cropland retirement.     

THE FARMLAND CONVERSION DEBATE: NALS AND BEYOND∗

The need to protect high quality agricultural land through public policies and programs at various levels of government has been debated in the U.S. for at least three decades. This article reviews the evolution of the debate before 1979, the ill-fated attempt of the National Agricultural Lands Study (NALS) (1979–1981) to resolve the debate, and the current status of the land conversion issue. Articulation of the issue has been impeded by confusion of objectives, semantic problems, unreliability of land conversion data, and excess capacity in the American farm economy. Land conversion estimates published in 1977 by the Soil Conservation Service and relied upon by NALS have proven to be misleading in light of the 1982 National Resources Inventory. State and local programs to discourage farmland conversion are justifiable in terms of land use planning objectives, maintenance of a viable local farm economy, and avoidance of undue reliance upon marginal lands requiring costly technical inputs.