冬季刺参养殖环境与肠道内细菌菌群的研究

运用传统细菌分离培养与分子生物学技术相结合的方法,对2008年11月至2009年1月冬季刺参(Apostichopus japonicus Liao)养殖池塘环境(养殖水、底泥、附着基)及刺参肠道内的细菌菌群进行了分析。应用平板稀释涂布培养计数法测得刺参养殖池塘水体、底泥、附着基和肠道细菌数量分别为0.75×102～1.4×104cfu/mL、8.7×104～8.1×105cfu/g、3.8×105～2.8×106cfu/g、7.1×105～1.5×107cfu/g;根据形态学差异从培养所得的细菌中筛选得到22株菌,用限制性内切酶Rsa I和Msp I对所分离菌株进行ARDRA(Amplified rDNA Restriction Analysis)分析,这22株菌被分为8种不同的分类单元(Operational Taxonomic Unit,OTU),其中OTU2与OTU3所包含的菌株分别占分离菌株种数的30%和20%;此外,作者对不同环境培养所得的优势度最高的细菌进行分子鉴定分析。结果表明:水环境中优势菌为施氏假单胞菌(Pseudomonas stutzeri)、门多萨假单胞菌(Pseudomonas mendocina)及巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium),沉积物中优势菌为巨大芽孢杆菌(B.megaterium)、施氏假单胞菌(P.stutzeri)、苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis),附着基中优势菌为巨大芽孢杆菌(B.megaterium)、苏云金芽孢杆菌(B.thuringiensis),灿烂弧菌(Vibrio splendidus),肠道中优势菌为巨大芽孢杆菌(B.megaterium)、苏云金芽孢杆菌(B.thuringiensis),灿烂弧菌(V.splendidus)、施氏假单胞菌(P.stutzeri)。通过对冬季刺参池塘细菌菌群多样性分析和优势菌鉴定,为筛选低温益生菌和防治刺参疾病提供了有益参考。     

一例异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)暴发性出血病病原分析

2016年6月,江苏某异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)养殖场暴发一种传染性急性出血病,造成养殖银鲫大量死亡。为分析此次疾病病因及流行规律,本研究从发病养殖场采集患出血病的异育银鲫,从细菌、病毒及寄生虫三个方面对病原进行了分析。采用病原菌分离、组织病理学观察、超薄切片电镜观察、病毒核酸分析、回感实验等对病原进行鉴定。结果显示从发病鲫鱼体内分离到病毒一株,未发现寄生虫及细菌感染。经测序及序列分析,该病毒为鲤疱疹病毒Ⅱ型(Cyprinid herpesvirus2,CyHV-2)病毒,组织病理学观察结果显示患病鱼的鳃和肾脏有明显病变,电镜下可观察到病鱼脾脏组织有带囊膜的球形病毒,囊膜直径约为170—200nm,病毒衣壳直径约为110—120nm,核心直径约为60nm,用组织匀浆感染鲫鱼囊胚细胞系(CGB)可稳定地观察到典型的细胞病变,用患病鱼组织匀浆液人工感染异育银鲫的死亡率高达100%,荧光定量PCR检测到该病毒可感染多器官,其中以脾脏中病毒含量最高,其次是脑,肝脏中最少。本研究可为CyHV-2的诊断防控及疫苗研制提供资料。     

Establishment and application of an intelligent treating method for oil spill identification

In the identifying process of an oil spill accident, manual integral and artificial visual comparison are commonly used at present to determine the oil spill sources, these methods are time-consuming and easily affected by human factors. Therefore, it is difficult to achieve the purpose of rapid identification of an oil spill accident. In this paper, an intelligent method of automatic recognition, integration and calculation of diagnostic ratio of Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS) spectrum are established. Firstly, four hundreds of samples collected around the world were analyzed using a standard method and Retention time locking technology (RTL) was applied to reduce the change of retention time of GC/MS spectrum. Secondly, the automatic identification, integration of n-alkanes, biomarker compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and calculation of the diagnostic ratios were realized by MATLAB software. Finally, a database of oil fingerprints were established and applied successfully in a spill oil accident. Based on the new method and database, we could acquire the diagnostic ratios of an oil sample and find out the suspected oil within a few minutes. This method and database can improve the efficiency in spilled oil identification.     

基于五种油源的中重度风化溢油的常规鉴定指标的应用效果评估

本文利用采集于我国三大油田的五种原油样品开展了长达210天的溢油风化模拟实验,并依据相对偏差和重复性限数学分析法,进行溢油风化过程分析和诊断比值应用效果评估。研究结果表明:经过210天的风化,溢油鉴定诊断比值发生明显改变;其中来源于萜烷、甾烷和多环芳烃的诊断比值变化率要远低于正构烷烃,可用于中长期风化溢油鉴定。此外,研究发现,在这些有效诊断比值中有4个变化率较小,相对偏差低于5%,保持了较好的稳定性,更适合于重度风化溢油鉴定。     

Application of advanced system identification technique to extract roll damping from model tests in order to accurately predict roll motions

In this paper our previously developed advanced system identification technique [1] has been applied to extract the frequency dependent roll damping from a series of model tests run in irregular (random) waves. It is shown that this methodology accurately models the roll damping which can then be used to produce accurate predictions of the ships roll motion. These roll motion predictions are not only more accurate than the potential flow predictions but more accurate than potential flow models corrected using either empirical prediction methods [2] and even those corrected using roll damping obtained from free decay sallying experiments. This methodology has the potential to significantly improve roll motion prediction during full scale at sea trails of vessels in order to dramatically improve safety of critical operations such as helicopter landing or ship to ship cargo transfer.     

Heterotrophic bacteria and their relationship with plankton in a New Zealand freshwater lake

The viable heterotrophic bacteria of Lake Grasmere in inland Canterbury (43° 05 S, 171° 45 E) were studied. Numbers of bacteria in water above a spring were positively correlated with rainfall in the 7 days before sampling, but bacteria in open water and from over the macrophyte Elodea canadensis were not. There was some increase in the bacterial population in the water over E. canadensis in the autumn to winter months. Numbers of bacteria in the open water ranged from 55 to 1020 cells per millilitre, and were outnumbered by algae by a factor of between 4 and 34. The bacterial population tended to increase after blooms of zooplankton, but there was little or no response to changes in phytoplankton populations. Benthic bacteria rarely increased in numbers after the deposition of organic matter.     

长江口表层沉积物矿物磁性分区特征及其沉积环境指示意义

本研究旨在揭示现代长江口不同沉积环境铁磁性矿物的分布差异,寻找有效识别河口-陆架沉积环境的磁学指标,以便更好地将环境磁学应用于河口古环境研究。在长江口及邻近陆架的6个沉积环境:汊道、拦门沙、三角洲前缘斜坡、前三角洲、前三角洲-陆架过渡区和残留砂区,采集表层沉积物样品,进行粒度和磁性测量。结果显示,χ和SIRM在汊道和拦门沙呈现显著高值,HIRM、χfd%、χARM、χARM/χ和χARM/SIRM在前三角洲和前缘斜坡呈现显著高值,反映了陆源物质输运距离和河口沉积动力对磁性矿物分布的控制作用。因此,参数组合HIRM、χARM、χARM/χ和χARM/SIRM可用于识别全新世地层前缘斜坡和前三角洲-陆架;参数组合χ、SIRM和S-20mT可尝试用于识别汊道和拦门沙环境。     

柴油的中重度风化鉴别指标研究

以柴油为研究对象,采用溢油风化模拟实验,从分子级水平揭示中长期风化作用对溢油组成的影响。利用相对偏差和重复性限法进行评价和筛选,研究表明,柴油在较短时间(10 d)内,phytane/n-C18和pristine/phytane特征比率可较好地作为油品鉴别的依据;在10~30 d的风化期间,pristine/phytane仍可作为油品鉴别的依据;较长期的风化过程后,上述三个正构烷烃特征比率对于油品鉴别已不再具备意义。所选多环芳烃诊断比值指标中,除MNR、MP/P外,其他参数(MPI-1,MPI-2,Rc,MPDF1,MPDF2,MNR)相对标准偏差在1.10%~5.40%,可较好地用于重度风化溢油源鉴定。     

北部湾金线鱼、深水金线鱼与日本金线鱼矢耳石形态识别的初步研究

采用2010年1～9月采自北部湾及邻近海域流刺网渔获的54尾金线鱼(Nemipterus virgatus( Houttuyn,1782))、71尾深水金线鱼(Nemi pterus bath ybius Snyder,1911)和65尾日本金线鱼(Nemi pterus ja ponicus (Bloch,1791))耳石样本,进行了椭圆傅立叶分析.耳石轮廓经图像处理后进行灰阶转换和二值化处理,消除噪点,然后解析为椭圆傅立叶标码( EFDs).采用77个EFD系数进行主成分分析和判别分析来区分3种金线鱼的耳石.结果表明,日本金线鱼幼鱼和成鱼耳石在性成熟前后存在显著的体长效应(P＜0.05),金线鱼和深水金线鱼则体长效应不显著(P＞0.05).因此在耳石椭圆傅立叶分析中,日本金线鱼采用性成熟个体样本,金线鱼和深水金线鱼采用全部样本.主成分分析中,第1、第2和第3主成分,分别解释了总变异的65.1％,15.3％和5.3％,可以将3种金线鱼耳石区分开来.EFD系数的逐步判别分析中,3种鱼的平均正判率达98.6％;交互验证结果显示,3种鱼的平均正判率达97.9％,这表明耳石椭圆傅立叶分析可以作为鱼种识别的有效工具.     

中国南海区1992-2012年的中尺度涡旋演化过程表达与统计分析

Automated identification and tracking of mesoscale ocean eddies has recently become one research hotspot in physical oceanography. Several methods have been developed and applied to survey the general kinetic and geometric characteristics of the ocean eddies in the South China Sea（SCS）. However, very few studies attempt to examine eddies＇ internal evolution processes. In this study, we reported a hybrid method to trace eddies＇ propagation in the SCS based on their internal structures, which are characterized by eddy centers, footprint borders, and composite borders. Eddy identification and tracking results were represented by a GIS-based spatiotemporal model. Information on instant states, dynamic evolution processes, and events of disappearance, reappearance, split, and mergence is stored in a GIS database. Results were validated by comparing against the ten Dongsha Cyclonic Eddies（DCEs） and the three long-lived anticyclonic eddies（ACEs） in the northern SCS, which were reported in previous literature. Our study confirmed the development of these eddies. Furthermore, we found more DCE-like and ACE-like eddies in these areas from 2005 to 2012 in our database. Spatial distribution analysis of disappearing, reappearing, splitting, and merging activities shows that eddies in the SCS tend to cluster to the northwest of Luzon Island, southwest of Luzon Strait, and around the marginal sea of Vietnam. Kuroshio intrusions and the complex sea floor topography in these areas are the possible factors that lead to these spatial clusters.