SANISAND-FN: An evolving fabric-based sand model accounting for stress principal axes rotation

SANISAND is the name of a family of bounding surface plasticity constitutive models for sand within the framework of critical state theory, which have been able to realistically simulate the sand behavior under conventional monotonic and cyclic loading paths. In order to incorporate the important role of evolving fabric anisotropy, one such model was modified within the framework of the new anisotropic critical state theory and named SANISAND-F model. Yet the response under continuous stress principal axes rotation requires further modification to account for the effect of ensuing noncoaxiality on the dilatancy and plastic modulus. This modification is simpler than what is often proposed in the literature, since it does not incorporate an additional plastic loading mechanism and/or multiple dilatancy and plastic modulus expressions. The new model named SANISAND-FN is presented herein and is validated against published data for loading that includes drained stress principal axes rotation on Toyoura sand.     

一种基于微博签到数据的城市功能区复合程度探究方法

城市功能区复合程度是城市发展规划、评价城市区域发展均衡性的重要参考。本文以深圳市为研究对象,首先,划分渔网单元与微博签到数据求交计算样方单元各类签到数据比例。其次,采用香农熵对复合程度进行定量化描述并连接渔网赋予属性值。最后,基于Arc GIS由粗至细进行可视化呈现和分析。结果表明,提出的方法能够有效地表示城市功能区的复合情况,具有较强的可操作性。     

基于地质建造的西南山区生态地质编图探索与实践——以邛海—泸山地区为例

地质作用是形成区域生态环境格局的重要驱动力之一,岩石圈表层地质建造是土壤圈、水圈、大气圈和生物圈的载体,制约着地形地貌、水文地质、土壤物理化学性质以及地质灾害等生态地质条件,进而对整体的生态平衡起着重要的作用。生态地质研究在于探索生态环境与地质条件之间的联系,从地质学的视角,探寻生态系统运行与演化机制。本文在四川邛海—泸山地区生态地质调查实践中,探索了一套适用于西南山区的土壤地质图、生态地质剖面和生态地质图等生态地质系列图件的编制方法。研究认为,生态地质系列图件应是岩石圈- 土壤圈- 生物圈等多圈层融合的地球表层系统在地质图上的反映,其表达内容主要包括：作为生态环境物质基础的地表基质层（岩石圈和土壤圈）的生态功能属性、地表覆盖的生态系统和人类活动的现状和展布、生态地质单元的生态功能属性等。基于地质建造和地表基质层的生态地质系列图件,能系统地反映研究区地球表层系统中各生态地质要素的现状、特征、展布和交互关系,为生态保护修复及国土空间用途管制提供地球科学依据。     

黑色岩系型矿床与页岩气藏之间的耦合关系

黑色岩系,作为众多多金属矿床的矿源层,具有重大的经济和科研价值而广受国内外学者关注。中国南方下寒武统黑色岩系中广泛产出大中型金属型矿床,如Ni-Mo矿、V矿及PGE矿。但同时作为能源矿产的页岩气在下寒武统黑色岩系中也广泛成藏,因此有必要研究两者之间的耦合关系。本文综述前人已经发表的黑色岩系的一些地球化学特征,特别是有机地球化学特征,初步揭示金属成矿与页岩气成藏之间的耦合关系,研究成果有利于进一步探讨黑色岩系型金属成矿与页岩气成藏的沉积古环境,对指导金属矿床与页岩气藏资源协同勘探及综合预测及开发具有重大科学意义。     

石河子垦区浅层地下水动态变化研究

地下水是水资源的重要组成部分,在干旱半干旱地区,地下水是主要的、有时甚至是唯一的可用水源。选取新疆石河子垦区为研究区,收集相关的水文、气象和地下水监测资料,并进行整理计算、分析垦区浅层地下水年际及年内间的动态变化特征,为干旱区地下水资源可持续开发利用提供一定的理论支持。     

典型山区农户生计资本评价及其空间格局——以四川省凉山彝族自治州为例

以四川省凉山州彝族自治州(凉山州)为例,运用熵值法和聚类分析法将其生计资本划分成较高、中等和较低三级,并将各县(市)农户生计资本划分成不同的类型。在此基础上,对农户生计资本的空间格局特征进行研究,结果表明:1.生计资本的空间差异特征明显。农户生计资本分布与凉山州地理资源条件空间位置有较强的藕合性,安宁河流域的"五县一市"农户生计资本存量水平均高于其他县域;县域生计资本空间差异十分显著,农户生计资本表现出较强的空间聚集性。2.农户生计资本存量与少数民族人口空间分布呈极强的负相关,即凉山州少数民族(或彝族)集中分布区与生计资本的低值区基本相重合。3.农户生计资本存量与交通优势度之间呈强的正相关,与地形起伏度呈中度负相关。4.农户生计资本总量与农民人均纯收入之间呈极强的正相关。     

Critical Top Tension for Static Equilibrium Configuration of A Steel Catenary Riser

This paper aims to present the critical top tension for static equilibrium configurations of a steel catenary riser (SCR) by using the finite element method. The critical top tension is the minimum top tension that can maintain the equilibrium of the SCR. If the top tension is smaller than the critical value, the equilibrium of the SCR does not exist. If the top tension is larger than the critical value, there are two possible equilibrium configurations. These two configurations exhibit the nonlinear large displacement. The configuration with the smaller displacement is stable, while the one with larger displacement is unstable. The numerical results show that the increases in the riser’s vertical distances, horizontal offsets, riser’s weights, internal flow velocities, and current velocities increase the critical top tensions of the SCR. In addition, the parametric studies are also performed in order to investigate the limit states for the analysis and design of the SCR.     

基于ADS40无控条件的海岛礁地形测量方法研究

针对远离大陆的海岛礁地形测绘与高程基准转换困难的问题,基于ADS40航摄系统获取远离大陆的海岛礁区域遥感影像,按照GPS差分无地面控制点的空中三角测量模式实现海岛礁的地理定位,选择高精度的卫星测高模型实现海岛礁区域的高程基准转换。在某海域进行了ADS40测量作业与高程基准转换试验,结果表明,无地面控制点空中三角测量的平面精度达到0.587m;基于卫星测高模型进行垂直基准转换的精度与同步验潮水位观测法得到的高程传递精度相当。     

Assessment of Human Impacts on Vegetation in Built-up Areas in China Based on AVHRR,MODIS and DMSP_OLS Nighttime Light Data,1992–2010

Since the reform and opening-up program started in 1978,the level of urbanization has increased rapidly in China.Rapid urban expansion and restructuring have had significant impacts on the ecological environment especially within built-up areas.In this study,ArcGIS 10,ENVI 4.5,and Visual FoxPro 6.0 were used to analyze the human impacts on vegetation in the built-up areas of 656Chinese cities from 1992 to 2010.Firstly,an existing algorithm was refined to extract the boundaries of the built-up areas based on the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Operational Linescan System(DMSP_OLS)nighttime light data.This improved algorithm has the advantages of high accuracy and speed.Secondly,a mathematical model(Human impacts(HI))was constructed to measure the impacts of human factors on vegetation during rapid urbanization based on Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer(AVHRR)Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)NDVI.HI values greater than zero indicate relatively beneficial effects while values less than zero indicate proportionally adverse effects.The results were analyzed from four aspects:the size of cities(metropolises,large cities,medium-sized cities,and small cities),large regions(the eastern,central,western,and northeastern China),administrative divisions of China(provinces,autonomous regions,and municipalities)and vegetation zones(humid and semi-humid forest zone,semi-arid steppe zone,and arid desert zone).Finally,we discussed how human factors impacted on vegetation changes in the built-up areas.We found that urban planning policies and developmental stages impacted on vegetation changes in the built-up areas.The negative human impacts followed an inverted′U′shape,first rising and then falling with increase of urban scales.China′s national policies,social and economic development affected vegetation changes in the built-up areas.The findings can provide a scientific basis for municipal planning departments,a decision-making reference for government,and scientific guidance for sustainable development in China.     

基于最优路径策略方法快速计算字符串编辑距离

传统编辑距离算法采用动态规划方法用一个维度大小分别为源字符串长度和目标字符串长度的二维数组保存计算过程中求得编辑距离值。这种传统求解方式在时间效率和空间效率上开销较大,限制了编辑距离算法在长字符串中地应用。针对传统方法存在的问题,经深入研究编辑距离的求解过程,发现在某个关键区域内存在一条最优路径,通过确定最优路径所在关键区域可以快速地求解两字符串之间的编辑距离值。实验表明,方法在计算两字符串之间的编辑距离与传统方法相比可以降低问题的求解规模,提高算法的时间效率和空间效率。所描述的方法同样适用于图论中使用动态规划方法求解一般问题地应用,比如最优分配问题和背包问题等。