Resistance to shallow landslide failure through root-derived cohesion in east coast hill country soils,North Island,New Zealand

Measured shear strength (cohesion and friction) of airfall-derived east coast hill country regolith is insufficient for the maintenance of existing regolith depth/slope angle relationships in the catchment of Lake Waikopiro in northern Hawke's Bay, New Zealand. If these regoliths are attributed with an additional increment of cohesion derived mechanically from a turf mat membrane, existing depth/slope angle distributions are explicable. Sites where failure has occurred have been measured, and back-analysis used to derive a range of values for additional mechanical cohesion. Values are in the range 0·2–7·6 kPa, consistent with earlier findings. This range is narrowed further, to 0·7–6·9 kPa, with assumptions regarding soil moisture status at failure. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

变质改造型关键金属矿——富集Li-Rb-Cs-Tl-Ga的云母片岩

关键金属矿产是国际上最近提出的资源概念,对战略性新兴产业的发展至关重要,但认知程度较低。洛扎岩浆-变质杂岩体位于喜马拉雅带东部,侵位于藏南拆离系内。在岩体东北侧,云母片岩被含电气石淡色花岗岩捕虏。云母片岩主要由金云母、绿泥石和少量黑云母组成。从全岩地球化学成分来看,云母片岩具有含量较高的Al₂O₃(13.38%～14.32%)、K₂O(6.09%～9.66%)、FeO^*(27.11%～30.09%)、MgO(15.25%～17.21%)、TiO₂(0.09%～0.26%),富集关键金属Li(650×10^-6～1 031×10^-6)、Rb(1 649×10^-6～2 773×10^-6)、Cs(98×10^-6～229×10^-6)、Tl(5.7×10^-6～12.1×10^-6)、Ga(121×10^-6     

Understanding heterogeneity in metropolitan India: The added value of remote sensing data for analyzing sub-standard residential areas

Analyzing the heterogeneity in metropolitan areas of India utilizing remote sensing data can help to identify more precise patterns of sub-standard residential areas. Earlier work analyzing inequalities in Indian cities employed a constructed index of multiple deprivations (IMDs) utilizing data from the Census of India 2001 (http://censusindia.gov.in). While that index, described in an earlier paper, provided a first approach to identify heterogeneity at the citywide scale, it neither provided information on spatial variations within the geographical boundaries of the Census database, nor about physical characteristics, such as green spaces and the variation in housing density and quality. In this article, we analyze whether different types of sub-standard residential areas can be identified through remote sensing data, combined, where relevant, with ground-truthing and local knowledge. The specific questions address: (1) the extent to which types of residential sub-standard areas can be drawn from remote sensing data, based on patterns of green space, structure of layout, density of built-up areas, size of buildings and other site characteristics; (2) the spatial diversity of these residential types for selected electoral wards; and (3) the correlation between different types of sub-standard residential areas and the results of the index of multiple deprivations utilized at electoral ward level found previously.     

东南沿海山地城市土地资源综合开发模式探讨--以温州乐清市为例

以温州乐清为例,在土地利用现状特点与问题分析的基础上,提出山地城市土地资源的利用潜力在于山地、平原和海域的综合资源优势。建议重视山地一平原一海涂土地资源开发的系统设计和分区规划,促进市域土地资源优化配置与持续高效利用,为统筹城乡协调发展开创良好的土地保障环境。     

SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF WATER PERCOLATION AND MOVEMENT IN A SYSTEM OF LONGITUDINAL DUNES,WESTERN NEGEV,ISRAEL

Subsurface lateral flow has previously been identified in dune areas where the average annual rainfall exceeds 200 mm. Very little is known about subsurface flow in sandy deserts with less than 100 mm of rainfall per year. The present study deals with the water regime in a system of longitudinal dunes in the Negev desert. Sixteen boreholes were dug, down to a depth of 6 m, across a sandy ridge and the adjacent corridor. Soil moisture and water movement were monitored with a neutron probe during two consecutive years. The first year had been relatively wet and in the following year the rainfall was slightly lower than the long-term average. The data obtained show that in an average year water percolation is limited to 60 cm with no lateral water movement. Deeper percolation, in the range 180–400 cm, occurs in response to rainy spells with about 100 mm of cumulative rain within two months. The process involves subsurface lateral flow and water movement by the piston effect. The lateral flow, on the flanks of the dune, is explained by differences in hydraulic conductivities within the sloping layers. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

欠发达农区传统制造业集群的网络演化分析——以河南省虞城县南庄村钢卷尺产业集群为例

本文以河南省虞城县南庄村钢卷尺产业集群为例,基于企业问卷调查数据,运用社会网络分析法,通过对比企业在初创阶段的衍生网络与现阶段的情感网络、咨询网络和合作网络,探讨了欠发达农区传统制造业集群中网络的形成和演化过程。研究发现相对于偏重技术联系的发达地区高技术集群来说,欠发达农区传统制造业集群网络的形成和演化更具有内生性和自组织规律。在集群成长和网络演进的过程中,集群网络中的核心关系受农村社区聚落环境的影响,并随农区企业规模、地位和能力的改变而演变。依此集群网络的形成和演化经历4个阶段,即家族或泛家族网络阶段、内部分工生产网络阶段、本地创新网络阶段和全球供应链网络阶段,各类型网络在集群发展的不同阶段起着不同的作用。     

论欠发达地区小企业集群的发展模式选择

欠发达地区发展小企业集群的模式必须坚持因地制宜,走多样化和特色化的发展道路,主要做法可归纳为：大力发展贴近区域工业化发展水平要求的小企业集群;大力发展具有区域经济特色的小企业集群;大力发展体现区位环境优势的小企业集群;大力发展提升本地产业结构水平的技术密集型的小企业集群;大力发展与区域内大中型国有企业产业配套能力强的小企业集群。     

发展中地区银行业空间系统变化--以河南省为例

基于对中国发展中地区的河南省的第一手调查数据,对经济水平较低、受外部影响较小但增长迅速的内陆省份银行业空间系统变化进行了量化分析和解释。结果表明,与国际上发达国家相同,中国发展中地区的国有银行业逐步向中心城市集中。其中,作为区域中心的地级城市的地位上升最为突出。其形成原因主要与制度变化有关;而区域经济的发展差异,又是促进该趋势的直接诱因。这一观点通过混合OLS模型模拟得到证明。城市内部的银行业区位变化,具有一些与发达国家的不同之处。区域经济快速发展带来了中心城市的迅速拓展。同时经济结构调整,又带来了城市内不同地区经济发展水平的变化。由此形成了银行业区位的不断扩散,新兴快速增长的地区,迅速吸引了一批银行的建立。对郑州市58家银行网点的调查表明,在1978年之前,银行网点设立十分遵循计划体制的安排;而在1979年以后,邻近地段“人均收入水平高：决定着相当一部分银行网点的布局。这从微观角度佐证了河南省的分析结论。金融系统的集中格局,为非中心地区经济发展带来的不利影响,应该给予关注。     

土壤区划类型的参比与属地化研究

文章以详细的1981年土壤分区资料为基础,将以发生分类(GSCC)为基础的土壤类型名称分别参比成中国土壤系统分类(CST)名称和美国土壤系统分类(ST)名称。同时利用G IS空间分析技术,确定了中国8个土壤大区在地级市(盟)和各县、区、旗(市)的行政归属,并以江南低山丘陵和台湾北部地区为例,探讨了二级分区的行政归属。