因子计量图的新思路

R型因子分析中，因子计量从所有原始变量中将某一特定因子的有关信息集中起来，可被用来解释某一特定地质作用形成的样品在不同空间的分布等问题，由已知典型地质体的元素含量等地球化学指标计算出来的因子计量系数矩阵作为模型，用这个模型可以计算未知地质体的因子计量，这种方法，不仅可以节省每次加入新样品或舍去部分样品时所有因子计量图都需要重新做的繁重的工作量，而且更重要的是这种图的地球化学意义明确，使我们能够用已知的典型地质现象去预测未知地质观象提供了一条新的途径。     

四川省房屋建筑易损性研究

研究房屋建筑易损性特征是防震减灾工作必不可少的环节之一，本文通过对多年工作的系统总结，得出四川省不同地区的房屋建筑易损性矩阵，全省房屋建筑抗震性能总体水平不高，这是造成地震灾害加重的主要原因之一，随着经济发展实力的提高，适当提高全省房屋建筑抗震设防水平可大大减轻特别是中强地震所造成的经济损失。     

Size Scaling of Cross Correlation Between Multiple Variables

Reservoir models have large uncertainty because of spatial variability and limited sample data. The ultimate aim is to use simultaneously all available data sources to reduce uncertainty and provide reliable reservoir models for resource assessment and flow simulation. Seismic impedance or some other attribute provides a key source of data for reservoir modeling. These seismic data are at a coarser scale than the hard well data and it not an exact measurement of facies proportions or porosity. A requirement for data integration is the cross-covariance between the well and seismic data.The size-scaling behavior of the cross correlation for different measurement scales was nvestigated. The size-scaling relationship is derived theoretically and validated by numerical studies (including an example with real data). The limit properties of the cross-correlation coefficient when the averaging volume becomes large is shown. After some averaging volume, the volume-dependent cross-correlation coefficient reaches a limit value. This plateau value is controlled mainly by the large-scale behavior of the cross and direct variograms.The cross correlation can increase or decrease with volume support depending on the relative importance of long- and short-scale covariance structures. If the direct and cross variograms are proportional, there is no change in the cross correlation as the averaging volume changes. Our study shows that the volume-dependent cross-correlation coefficient is sensitive to the shape of the cross variogram and differences between the direct variograms of the well data and seismic data.     

行播冬小麦热辐射方向性的影响因子

混合像元的热辐射方向性由于受到多种因素的影响而变得极为复杂。该文以行播冬小麦为例，建立矩阵模型，研究混合像元热辐射方向性问题。结果表明，混合像元热辐射方向性主要受到混合像元内部各组分在三维上分布的不均一、像元比辐射率的方向性以及由外界影响造成的各组分温度差异的影响。在这三个主要影响因子中，各组分的比辐射率是地物固有的特征，不随外界条件而发生变化。在同温条件下，像元热辐射方向性完全由像元比辐射率的方向性决定。而各组分温度虽然没有方向性，但可以通过组分空间分布对其产生调制作用。     

MATLAB及其在重力基点网平差中的应用

MATLAB作为最优秀的数学软件之一，在国内外工程技术界产生愈来愈大的影响，其强大的数据计算和图形显示功能尤为突出。复杂的物探重力基点网平差计算通过用MATLAB的矩阵计算功能，变得简单易懂。而编制的MATLAB的M文件程序，计算快速准确。相信MATLAB在物探数据处理工作中将发挥重要的作用。     

吉林省水资源可持续利用研究

选取吉林省9城市具有代表性的7项指标,对吉林省水资源可持续利用情况进行了定量分析,采用因子分析(FA)法筛选出3个主因子——水污染排放、水环境质量和水资源,并采用层次分析(AHP)法对3个主因子的协调程度进行了可持续性评价.在分析评价的基础上,对吉林省各城市的水资源可持续利用提出了建议.     

Monitoring volcanic hazard using eddy covariance at Solfatara volcano, Naples, Italy

An eddy covariance (EC) station was deployed at Solfatara crater, Italy, June 8–25, 2001 to assess if EC could reliably monitor CO₂ fluxes continuously at this site. Deployment at six different locations within the crater allowed areas of focused gas venting to be variably included in the measured flux. Turbulent (EC) fluxes calculated in 30-min averages varied between 950 and 4460 g CO₂ m⁻² d⁻¹; the highest measurements were made downwind of degassing pools. Comparing turbulent fluxes with chamber measurements of surface fluxes using footprint models in diffuse degassing regions yielded an average difference of 0% (±4%), indicating that EC measurements are representative of surface fluxes at this volcanic site. Similar comparisons made downwind of degassing pools yielded emission rates from 12 to 27 t CO₂ d⁻¹ for these features. Reliable EC measurements (i.e. measurements with sufficient and stationary turbulence) were obtained primarily during daytime hours (08:00 and 20:00 local time) when the wind speed exceeded 2 m s⁻¹. Daily average EC fluxes varied by ±50% and variations were likely correlated to changes in atmospheric pressure. Variations in CO₂ emissions due to volcanic processes at depth would have to be on the same order of magnitude as the measured diurnal variability in order to be useful in predicting volcanic hazard. First-order models of magma emplacement suggest that emissions could exceed this rate for reasonable assumptions of magma movement. EC therefore provides a useful method of monitoring volcanic hazard at Solfatara. Further, EC can monitor significantly larger areas than can be monitored by previous methods.     

大庆徐家围子地区深部致密砂砾岩气层识别

大庆徐家圈子地区深部致密砂砾岩储层的骨架成分除了含有石英、长石外，还含有许多酸性喷发岩，而且各种骨架成分的含量随深度变化比较大；复杂的岩性使得气的影响被岩性的影响所淹没，从而造成常规气层识别方法失效。针对这一问题，应用神经网络方法准确求取地层颗粒密度和泥质含量，然后对中子和密度测井值进行岩性影响校正和泥质影响校正，使得求出的中子和密度孔隙度仅受地层气的影响，最后将得到的中子和密度孔隙度进行对比，应用中子和密度孔隙度的差异识别气层。     

高分辨率卫星影像中阴影的自动提取与处理

高分辨率卫星遥感影像开创了许多新的应用领域，但影像中的阴影是一个必须解决的问题。一方面，它给象影像分类这样的一些应用带来了很大麻烦，另一方面，它提供了物体的高度信息。本文利用纹理分析的方法，通过共生矩阵和相应指数的计算，对高分辨率卫影像中阴影的自动提取与处理作了一个尝试并给出了一些结果。     

Spectral and Multiscale Signal-to-Noise Thresholding of Spherical Vector Fields

The basic concepts of spectral and multiscale selective reconstruction of (geophysically relevant) vector fields on the sphere from error-affected data is outlined in detail. The reconstruction mechanism is formulated under the assumption that spectral as well as multiscale approximation is well-representable in terms of only a certain number of expansion coefficients at the various resolution levels. It is shown that spectral denoising by means of orthogonal expansions in terms of vector spherical harmonics reflects global a priori information of the noise (e.g., in form of a covariance tensor field), whereas multiscale signal-to-noise thresholding can be performed under locally dependent noise information within a multiresolution analysis in terms of spherical vector wavelets. An application of the multiscale formalism to Earth's magnetic field determination is presented.