区域旅游流网络结构与环境响应研究——以京津冀地区为例

旅游流对区域旅游开发规划具有重要指导作用,如何实现旅游流与区域经济、社会、自然环境的协调发展成为许多地区亟待思考的问题。该文借助社会网络理论和方法研究区域旅游流网络结构体系,从经济、社会、自然环境角度分析区域旅游流网络结构的环境影响因子;通过构建耦合协调度模型测量环境因子对区域旅游流网络结构的影响强度,并利用Moran指数对区域旅游流网络结构与环境的耦合协调度进行全局及局部自相关分析。最后以京津冀地区为例,探查该地区旅游流网络结构与环境的响应效果,为区域旅游流网络结构优化提供决策参考。     

川东北中—下三叠统流体动力场及成藏成钾耦合机理

川东北地区是近年来的找钾重点区。本文研究了三叠系嘉陵江组和雷口坡组的卤水储层特征、卤水化学特征和地下流体动力场,结果表明:川东北地区嘉陵江组和雷口坡组卤水储层主要为裂缝-溶孔型和白云岩型,属低孔低渗储层;宣汉—达州—开县—开江一带为中上扬子区的一个咸化凹陷,发育巨厚蒸发岩层,并且正好为流体越流浓缩成藏成矿区;该地区的卤水矿化度和钾离子含量较高,K+、Br+等离子含量达到卤水工业开采指标。综合分析川东北地区地下流体(气、水)的动力学特征,揭示地下流体动力场是二次富钾成矿的主要机制,在这一机制下,地层中封存的通过海水浓缩初始富钾形成的原始沉积水进一步浓缩富钾,并运聚至合适的构造-地层圈闭中,造就了该地区具备上气下水的耦合成藏成钾条件,有望成为"气钾兼探"的重要耙区。     

The Cosmolian program for simulating aeolian dynamics and its application to central Australia

The wide spatial coverage of sand dunes in continental interiors makes the understanding of their activity and accumulation history valuable for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions and the interpretation of landscape evolution. Nevertheless, the study of aeolian landscape development at the million-year timescale is hampered by the complex interaction of factors determining dune migration and the inherently self-destructive nature of their chronostratigraphy, thus limiting the applicability of traditional dating methods. This study presents a standalone program that simulates aeolian transport based on luminescence-derived chronologies coupled with numerical modelling of the accumulation of cosmogenic nuclides. This integrative approach to modelling the history of aeolian landforms reveals phases of emergence of aeolian sand into the landscape, and provides a data-based scheme that facilitates the morphodynamical study of aeolian processes over multiple timescales and up to several millions of years. The application of the program for reanalysing previously reported data from the Australian Simpson Desert reveals multiple pulses of sand dispersion into central Australia at 3.8–3.4, 2.9–2.5 and 1.5–1 Ma, corresponding to pronounced changes in climatic conditions and landscape deformation events. The synchronicity of the results with the established environmental framework that would promote the production and aeolian distribution of sand exemplifies the applicability of process-based modelling in constructing a timeframe of key landscape evolution events in arid environments by studying aeolian deposits. The dependence of the parameters used to determine environmental settings on sand transportation patterns additionally makes the program a powerful tool to further investigate the triggers and mechanisms of aeolian processes.     

基于Chebyshev多项式的非对称走时Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移角道集求取

地震射线走时的求取方法是叠前时间偏移研究的核心问题之一,也是影响计算时间域角道集角度精确性的关键因素之一.本文基于Kirchhoff叠前时间偏移,应用第一类切比雪夫多项式,对弯曲射线对称走时加以改进,引进非对称项,优化后得到切比雪夫非对称走时方程,与高精度走时进行比较和误差分析,再将该走时求取方法应用于时间域角道集的求取中,得到地下较真实的入射角.通过模型计算和实际地震资料处理证明,此种非对称走时及其角道集的求取方法具有精度高、计算量少的优点.     

Observations and conceptual modelling of morphological coupling in a double sandbar system

Nearshore sandbars, located in <10 m water depth, can contain remarkably periodic alongshore undulations in both cross‐shore position and depth. In a double sandbar system, the alongshore spacing of these morphological patterns in the inner sandbar may be identical to those in the outer sandbar. Although this morphological coupling has been observed previously, its frequency and predominance remain unclear. In this paper, we use a 9.3‐year dataset of daily low‐tide time exposure images from the double‐barred beach at Surfers Paradise (Gold Coast, Australia) to analyse the temporal and spatial characteristics of morphological coupling within a double sandbar system. We distinguish five types of morphological coupling between the inner and outer sandbars, of which four coincide with a downstate progression of the outer bar. Coupling is either in‐phase (with a landward perturbation of the inner bar facing an outer‐bar horn) or out‐of‐phase (with a seaward perturbation of the inner bar facing an outer‐bar horn), where the coupled inner‐bar features either consist of rip channels or, predominantly, perturbations of the low‐tide terrace. Cross‐correlation of the image‐derived inner‐ and outer‐bar patterns shows coupling to be a common phenomenon in the double sandbar system studied here, with coupling in 40% of the observations. In contrast to previous observations of sandbar–shoreline coupling at single‐barred beaches, in‐phase coupling (85% of all coupled bar patterns) predominates over out‐of‐phase coupling (15%). Based on our observations and bathymetries assimilated from the images for a restricted set of coupling events, we hypothesize that the angle of offshore wave incidence, wave height and depth variations along the outer sandbar determine the type of flow pattern (cell circulations versus meandering currents) above the inner bar and hence steer the type of coupling. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

(Dis)Connectivity in catchment sediment cascades: a fresh look at the sediment delivery problem

The concept of the sediment delivery problem was introduced into the literature in 1983 by Des Walling. This concept describes how only a fraction of sediment eroded within a catchment will reach the basin outlet and be represented as sediment yield, and that sediment storage mechanisms operating within a catchment explain this discrepancy. Since this paper was published, geomorphologists have been examining in great detail the fate of sediment eroded from the landsurface, and the pathways and timeframes of sediment transport and storage in catchments. However, to fully understand the internal dynamics of sediment flux requires a ‘fresh look at the sediment delivery problem’. A framework is required that can incorporate the various processes involved in sediment movement from source areas through a basin to its outlet, and can take account of the spatial distribution of, and timeframes over which, these processes operate. This paper presents a conceptual framework for analysis of catchment (dis)connectivity that incorporates both spatial and temporal variability in the operation of the sediment cascade. This approach examines where blockages occur to disrupt these longitudinal, lateral and vertical linkages in catchments. Depending on the position of blockages (termed buffers, barriers and blankets), and their sediment residence time, various parts of a catchment may be actively contributing sediment to the sediment cascade and be switched on, or inactive and switched off. This paper discusses how such a framework can be used to model response times to disturbance and explain the manifestation of geomorphic change in catchments. The paper then highlights challenges geomorphologists face in applying such a framework to understand the internal dynamics of the catchment sediment cascades, and forecast how environmental change might affect the operation of sediment fluxes into the future. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

考虑降解效应的城市固体废弃物非线性本构模型

基于城市固体废弃物(MSW)的降解及土力学特征,在应力降解模型、等向压缩特性和邓肯-张模型的理论基础上,建立了一个能够描述MSW应力和降解耦合作用的全量非线性本构模型。给出了不同应力状态下单元体体积和轴向变形随时间变化的数学表达,同时给出了所有参数的确定方法。采用该模型对不同龄期和不同围压条件下填埋场现场试样的三轴CD应力-应变曲线以及室内长期一维降解压缩试验进行了模拟。结果表明,模型概念合理、参数明确,能够较全面地描述不同降解龄期垃圾的本构关系,可用于分析填埋场的长期变形。     

成德绵地区政区位势与行政区经济耦合的时空演化与优化路径

行政区划作为国家治理体系的基础支撑,对区域经济发展具有重要影响。深入探究行政区划与区域经济的时空耦合关系与优化路径,有助于制定区域一体化发展政策。本文以成德绵地区为例,基于政区位势模型、行政区经济模型和位序规模理论,定量识别2005—2018年政区位势与行政区经济的耦合与空间演变,并从体制机制改革、行政区划调整等角度提出优化路径。研究表明：① 成德绵地区政区位势和行政区经济分别经历了“沿交通线轴向扩散”和“中心极化-中部辐射递减-外围塌陷”的演化过程。② 根据政区位势位序规模相对于行政区经济位序规模的耦合关系,将政区耦合类型划分为位势靠前、区划适应型,位势靠前、区划约束型,位势落后、区划适应型,位势落后、区划约束型。③ 研究区耦合类型表现为“位序落后型收缩-区划适应型增加-位势靠前型主导”的演变特征,位势靠前、区划约束型占比最高（45.0%）,市辖区和北部外围政区发展潜力大幅提升的同时,三市交界处行政区经济约束相对较强。成德绵地区作为中国西部地区的重要增长极,未来应结合不同政区类型的实际情况,通过增强政府间合作、充分利用中心城市的辐射带动效应、转变政府职能和审慎稳妥推行行政区划调整工作等方式,促进区域一体化和城市群经济高质量发展。     

基于国别地缘环境视角解析缅甸民主化改革进程

2021年2月缅甸军方再度接管国家政权后,其国内民主化改革进程戛然而止,再次引发学术界的广泛关注和讨论。然而,已有学者大多从政治、经济等单一性要素,或从多行为体间利益斗争的视角入手,缺乏多要素、多主体、多时空维度的综合分析视角对民主化改革进程的影响和未来前景的研究。随着地缘环境研究日益体现出跨尺度耦合、多元地缘体博弈和跨领域间互动等分析理念,本文将国别地缘环境分析理解为一个视角,构建其解读民主化改革的一般思路和框架;以缅甸为例,探讨不同时期缅甸地缘环境的情景特征及其对民主化改革进程的影响并预测其未来态势。研究得出：① 国别地缘环境视角可以被界定为跨尺度耦合下国内外多元地缘体利用跨领域间互动进行综合作用的情景分析。② 自1980年代以来,由于缅甸地缘环境从内乱外压、外压内稳到外稳内乱的演变,其民主化改革进程依次经历民主开启、转型过渡期、民主转型、民主巩固和民主倒退。③ 缅甸民主化改革的未来走向极为可能是在军方控制下民选政府与军方合作推进的适度改革。解析缅甸民主化改革进程不仅有利于帮助中国理解缅甸的政局变化进而构建和谐稳定的中缅关系,同时也能推动地缘环境的理论与应用研究,促进学术界对“应该推行怎样的民主化进程”这一问题的进一步思考。     

汾河流域城市化与水资源耦合协调关系研究

通过构建汾河流域城市化与水资源系统指标体系,利用综合评价法对2010—2019年汾河流域城市化和水资源综合水平的变化趋势进行分析,在此基础上构建耦合协调度模型,分析汾河流域城市化与水资源的耦合协调关系。结果表明：汾河流域城市化综合指数整体呈上升趋势,城市化子系统重要程度表现为经济城市化>社会城市化>空间城市化>人口城市化;水资源综合指数呈波动上升趋势,水资源子系统重要程度呈现出水资源利用>水资源水平>水资源保护,水资源环境不断优化,2013年出现短期下降,主要受水资源量和用水量等要素的影响;从时间上看,2010—2019年汾河流域城市化与水资源耦合协调度不断提高,经历了从2010年低水平轻度失调到2019年高水平协调发展过程;空间上,2010—2019年汾河流域六市城市化与水资源耦合协调度不断提升,吕梁、太原、忻州达到良好协调水平,临汾、运城处于勉强协调水平,而晋中则处于磨合阶段的濒临失调水平。