筒型基础负压沉贯流固耦合渗流分析模型

分析筒型基础沉贯作用的土层,利用 流动理论各项同性硬化原理,研究海积软土颗粒本构关系,结合离散元方法计算土体体应变,并将其引入海积软土的物性参数动态计算模型。根据筒型基础沉贯特征,结合体应变以及物性参数动态模型,由有效应力原理和瞬时质量守恒原理分别确定应力和渗流方程,并给出上述模型的定解条件。建立了新的流固耦合渗流的数学模型,求解筒型基础沉贯渗流场分布。     

弹塑性耦合条件下沥青混凝土的应力-应变关系

三轴试验的结果表明,由于应用于水利工程的沥青混凝土自身的孔隙率小,侧向作用效应十分明显,体积变形较小,且主要表现为剪胀特性,目前已有的非线性和弹塑性模型难以正确地反映复杂应力状态下的这种力学行为。考虑沥青混凝土不遵守关联流动法则和Drucker公设,其弹性系数伴随塑性变形过程而改变,建议了一个在弹塑性耦合基础上的双屈服面弹塑性模型,与室内三轴试验结果吻合良好。     

岩土面上抗剪强度与破坏面位置

通过理论推导出在平面应变条件下岩土任意面上的抗剪强度通式和破坏时中主应力与大小主应力的关系,给出了破坏面位置与强度准则的一般关系。为岩土滑移面的确定提供了理论依据,对研究岩土强度准则具有指导意义。     

The influences of environmental factors on the air-sea coupling coefficient

The response relationship between equivalent neutral wind speed anomaly(ENWSA) and sea-air temperature difference anomaly(SATDA) has been analyzed over four typical sea regions, i.e., the Kuroshio Extension, the Gulf Stream, the Brazil-Malvinas Confluence and the Agulhas Return Current. The results show that ENWSA is more sensitive to SATDA than sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA), which implies that SATDA seems to be a more suitable parameter than SSTA to analyze the mesoscale air-sea interac...     

水中填筑围堰边坡稳定的流-固耦合分析

详细地介绍了在流-固耦合分析过程中,特征时间和渗透边界条件的给定方法。并将其应用到泰安抽水蓄能电站围堰的流-固耦合分析中,同时,分析了基础开挖过程对围堰和基础边坡稳定性的影响。在开挖过程中,由于给定了透水边界和较合理的特征时间,最终结果表明,围堰和基础内的孔隙水压力明显下降,是由于开挖后透水边界增长,以及计算流体的特征时间增长的缘故。说明了用FLAC进行流-固耦合分析时,考虑特征时间和渗透边界条件是很重要的。     

热-水-应力耦合弹塑性二维有限元程序的开发与应用尝试

从已有的应力平衡方程、水连续性方程、能量守恒方程和弹塑性矩阵入手,使用Galerkin方法将各控制方程分别在空间域和时间域进行离散,初步开发出了一个用于分析饱和岩土介质中热-水-应力耦合弹塑性问题的二维有限元程序,并通过2个算例进行了应用尝试。     

破碎砂岩渗透特性与孔隙率关系的试验研究

利用一种专利装置与MTS815.02型岩石力学试验系统,进行了破碎砂岩的稳态渗透试验,得到了不同孔隙率下破碎砂岩的渗透率和非Darcy流 因子。通过线性回归得到了渗透率、非Darcy流 因子与孔隙率之间的关系。认为破碎岩石的渗透特性主要是由孔隙率决定的,孔隙率不仅与当前的应力有关,更取决于加载历史。研究表明,水在破碎砂岩中的渗流一般不服从Darcy定律,而服从Forchheimer关系,特别是在小孔隙率下,非Darcy性更为突出;渗透率、非Darcy流 因子与孔隙率之间的关系可用幂函数拟合。     

高放废物深地质处置中的多场耦合与核素迁移

概括了深地下工程的深地质处置库的若干特点,简要介绍了多场耦合的机理与类型,论述了高放废物深地质处置多场耦合与核素迁移问题的特点及研究现状,最后提出了高放废物深地质处置多场耦合与核素迁移所需研究的主要问题。     

溴、碘的半熔法-电感耦合等离子质谱(ICP-MS)测定

样品用碳酸钠和氧化锌混合熔剂半熔,用80℃～100℃水提取,用强酸型阳离子树脂分离溶液中的大量钠等阳离子,采用电感耦合等离子质谱直接测定溶液中的溴和碘。测定下限溴为0．15μg／g,碘为0．028μg／g。     

Inter-annual simulation of global carbon cycle variations in a terrestrial–aquatic continuum

The advanced process-based model, National Integrated Catchment-based Eco-hydrology (NICE)-BGC, which incorporates the whole process of carbon cycling in land, was modified to include the feedback between soil organic content and overland carbon fluxes. It is a crucial and difficult task to evaluate the balance of the terrestrial carbon budget including the effect of inland water robustly. To accomplish this purpose, NICE-BGC was applied to quantify the global biogeochemical carbon cycle closely associated with the complex hydrological cycle during the 36 years between 1980 and 2015. The model demonstrated that the inter-annual variations of carbon cycle have been greatly affected by the extreme weather patterns. In particular, spatial distribution of temporal trends in riverine carbon fluxes and their relation to soil organic carbon (SOC) were analysed between different biomes and major river basins. Although there was a positive relationship between SOC and riverine flux of dissolved organic carbon and particulate organic carbon in the northern boreal region, it is difficult to see this relation in other regions. Further, the evaluation of potential controlling factors of temporal trends in SOC and fluvial carbon exports was also helpful to quantify the inter-annual variation or temporal trend caused by the various effects. SOC was more influenced by temperature variations, whereas riverine carbon exports were mainly determined by precipitation variations. Finally, net land flux including inland water (−1.49 ± 0.50 PgC/year) showed a slight decrease in the carbon sink in comparison with previous values (−2.33 ± 0.50 PgC/year). These results help to distinguish the carbon cycle in different river basins and to re-evaluate carbon cycle change explicitly including the effect of inland water because this effect has been so far implicitly included within the range of uncertainty in the Earth's global carbon cycle comprising land, oceans, and atmosphere.