单自由度系统地震动力反应的实时计算方法

本文对计算单自由度系统地震动力反应的频域方法和时域方法进行了分析比较。说明了目前时域方法所存在的问题,指出寻找一种在计算精度上与频域方法等价的时域算法是一个值得研究的重要课题。据此,本文提出了一套能较精确模拟单自由度系统传递函数的时域方法。其计算格式采用具有较高计算效率的递归格式。理论分析与数值试验表明,该方法具有精度优于其他时域算法、速度快的特点,可应用于强震观测台网中强地震动参数的实时计算。     

Effects on the Ionosphere Due to Phenomena Occurring Below it

The terrestrial thermosphere and ionosphere form the most variable part of theEarth's atmosphere. Because our society depends on technological systems thatcan be affected by thermospheric and ionospheric phenomena, understanding,monitoring and ultimately forecasting the changes of the thermosphere–ionosphere system are of crucial importance to communications, navigation and the exploration of near-Earth space. The reason for the extreme variability of the thermosphere–ionosphere system isits rapid response to external forcing from various sources, i.e., thesolar ionizing flux, energetic charged particles and electric fields imposed via the interaction between the solar wind, magnetosphere and ionosphere, as well as coupling from below (meteorological influences) by the upward propagating, broad spectrum,internal atmospheric waves (planetary waves, tides, gravity waves) generated in thestratosphere and troposphere. Thunderstorms, typhoons, hurricanes, tornadoes andeven seismological events may also have observable consequences in the ionosphere.The release of trace gases due to human activity have the potential to cause changes inthe lower and the upper atmosphere.A brief overview is presented concerning the discoveries and experimentalresults that have confirmed that the ionosphere is subject to meteorologicalcontrol (especially for geomagnetic quiet conditions and for middle latitudes).D-region aeronomy, the winter anomaly of radiowave absorption, wave-liketravelling ionospheric disturbances, the non-zonality and regional peculiaritiesof lower thermospheric winds, sporadic-E occurrence and structure, spread-Fevents, the variability of ionospheric electron density profiles and Total ElectronContent, the variability of foF2, etc., should all be considered in connection withtropospheric and stratospheric processes. Ionospheric weather, as a part of spaceweather, (i.e., hour-to-hour and day-to-day variability of the ionospheric parameters)awaits explanation and prediction within the framework of the climatological, seasonal,and solar-cycle variations.     

Nonlinear coupling between 100 ka periodicity of the paleoclimate records in loess and periodicities of precession and semiprecession

It is apparent that there are three periods in various Quaternary paleoclimate records, the pe-riod of the Earth抯 orbital eccentricity cycles, ~100 ka, the period of the Earth抯 obliquity cycles, 41 ka, and the periods of the precession cycles, 23 ka and…     

The dynamic coupling model and its application of urbanization and eco-environment in Hexi Corridor

This paper, taking Hexi Corridor as an example, analyzes the alternating intimidation and the dynamic evolving relation between urbanization and eco-environment in arid area of West China. We argue that the harmonious development system of the urbanization and eco-environment would go through four phases: rudimentary symbiotic phase, harmonious developmental phase, utmost increasing phase and spiral type rising phase. Throughout the four phases, the elements of the system would influence each other, coerce each other, and complete the spiral type rising process from low-grade symbiosis to high-grade harmony together. The study on Hexi Corridor shows that the urbanization level in Hexi Corridor has increased gradually from 1985 to 2003 accompanied with the fluctuations of eco-environment state. The response of eco-environment to urbanization has been evident, but lagged behind the urbanization course. At present, the harmonious development system in Hexi Corridor was in its harmonious developmental phase. However, the coupling degree has increased quickly and approached 90 yet, which is signaling that the system is about to enter the utmost increasing phase, and the ecological crisis will enter the latent period. We have found that the coupling degree can well reflect the interactive coercing and dynamic evolving situation between urbanization and eco-environment in Hexi Corridor. From the temporal change of the coupling degree, it can be concluded that urbanization sometimes needs to pay a certain cost for the damage of the eco-environment in its initial stages, but as the urbanization continues, the state of the eco-environment would be meliorated.     

Variation of seismic coupling with slab detachment and upper plate structure along the western Hellenic subduction zone

The western Hellenic subduction zone is characterized by a trenchward velocity of the upper plate. In the Ionian islands segment, complete seismic coupling is achieved, as is predicted by standard plate-tectonic models in which there is no slab pull force because the slab has broken off. The moderate local seismic moment rate relates to a shallow downdip limit for the seismogenic interface. This characteristic may be attributed to the ductility of the lower crust of the upper plate, which allows a décollement between the upper crust of the overriding plate and the subducting plate. Farther south, a deeper downdip limit of the seismogenic interface is indicated by thrust-faulting earthquakes, which persist much deeper in western Crete. A correspondingly larger downdip width of this seismogenic zone is consistent with the suggested larger maximum magnitude of earthquakes here. However, since the seismic moment release rate seems to be moderate in the Peloponnese and western Crete, like in in the Ionian islands, this seismically active interface cannot maintain complete seismic coupling across its larger downdip width. A cause may be the lateral addition of overweight to the part of the slab still attached in Crete, by the free fall of its part that has broken off from the surface further north. This increased slab pull reduces the compressive normal stress across the seismogenic interface and thus causes partial seismic coupling in its shallower part. However, the width of this part may provide an additional area contributing to slip in large earthquakes, which may nucleate deeper on stick-slip parts of the interface. Hints at anomalies in structure and seismicity, which need to be resolved, may relate to the present location of the edge of the tear in the slab.     

应用常规气象观测资料估算塔里木盆地水面蒸发量

根据阿克苏水平衡站1999年至2002年非冻结期(4月至10月)20m^2蒸发池的蒸发量及常规气象观测资料，采用斜率关联度分析法分析了各气象要素对水而蒸发的影响程度，建立了计算水而蒸发量的经验公式，结果表明：(1)气象要素对20m^2蒸发池月平均蒸发量的影响程度从大到小的排列顺序为饱和水汽压差、气温、水面温度、空气饱和差、风速、实际水汽压、大气压、相对湿度；(2)20m^2蒸发池蒸发量与饱和水汽压差、空气湿度饱和差、气温、水面温度、风速、水汽压成正比关系；而与气压、相对湿度成反比关系；(3)所有回归方程都达到极显著水平，可供塔里木盆地缺测资料地区选用。     

非等温条件下道路水分迁移的数值模拟

通过分析季节冻土区的温度分布规律,建立了温度随时间的变化函数.在此基础上,基于连续介质力学和热力学理论,建立了道路水分迁移过程中的水热耦合动力学模型,并对季节性冻土地区的水分迁移现象进行数值模拟分析,初步探讨了在非等温冻结条件下,水热耦合过程中路基填料的含水量和温度随时间和深度变化的关系,计算结果表明,冻结过程中在冻结峰面附近形成一个冻结含水量峰值,且该峰值随着冻结时间的延长而向深度发展,这对于路基路面的综合设计,道路冻害的预报有着重要的理论意义和实际应用价值.但要真正体现道路路基水分迁移的机理,有待于建立水分迁移过程中水、热、动载和渗流耦合模型,这是有待于进一步解决的问题.