再生性资源型城市工业化与城镇空间耦合格局及驱动因素——以徐州市为例

整合脱钩模型、耦合协调模型和工业化城镇空间响应测度模型,采用ESDA和GWR等方法,以镇域为研究单元,分析了2003~2015年徐州市工业化与城镇空间耦合格局及影响因素。结果表明：徐州市工业化与城镇空间的脱钩关系呈现由无脱钩向绝对脱钩状态演化,二者之间的耦合协调程度呈增强趋势,但耦合作用不强;徐州市镇域工业化城镇空间响应程度呈波动性增强之势,各镇域间差异在逐渐增大;徐州工业化城镇空间响应强度差异的“一带”、“两翼”格局正在形成,交通区位优越类镇域尤为显著,表明再生性资源型城市工业化城镇空间响应的禀赋基础正在发生改变; 弱响应镇域主要集中于远离城市且区位不便的区域,持续表现为冷点区域,与经济发展水平的区域格局具有一致性;徐州市工业化城镇空间响应的影响因素作用程度呈现政府调控>投资因素>发展阶段>基础设施的特征,且均呈减弱之势,但各因素的影响作用表现出显著的空间异质性。     

考虑耦联影响的二次结构体系减震分析

建立了基础隔震的主次结构体系耦联运动方程,开发了动力分析程序PS—BASE．FOR,对一典型结构的二次结构绝对加速度反应谱与相对位移反应谱计算分析表明,主体结构隔震或同时增大二次结构阻尼,是取得二次结构较好抗震性能的有效途径,增大主体结构的隔震阻尼对二次结构略有不利影响。     

A THERMO-VISCOPLASTIC CONSTITUTIVE MODEL FOR CLAYS

The effect of heat on clay behaviour is characterized by non-linearity and irreversibility. Due to the complex influence of temperature, thermomechanical factors have to be taken into account for the numerical simulation of the behaviour of such materials. A cyclic thermo-viscoplastic model is developed for this purpose. It includes thermal hardening and the evolution of yield surfaces with temperature. From the physical point of view, it is built on the basis of available experimental results for a temperature range in which no phase change occurs. Conceptually, it is the generalization of an isothermal multimechanism cyclic model. A thermoplastic formulation of the model is also derived. The results obtained from numerical simulations compare well with experiments. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

区域“水—土—能—碳”耦合作用机制分析

在相关研究的基础上,对区域“水—土—能—碳”耦合系统及其要素关系进行解析;分析其耦合作用机制、主要研究视角和影响因素;并提出了未来的研究趋向。① 区域“水—土—能—碳”耦合作用系统不仅体现了地表系统四大圈层的作用,更以水循环、土地利用、能量流通、碳循环的形式构成了区域“自然—经济—社会”的核心内容,该系统不仅反映了区域不同资源类型的匹配关系和开发利用效率,也体现了人类社会对环境的影响程度;② 该系统可以分为三个相互联系、相互作用的子系统：水系统、土地系统和能源系统。它们之间通过不同途径相互联系、互为资源,共同构成了区域社会经济发展的资源基础,而区域碳排放强度则主要取决于水、土、能等要素之间相互需求的类型、产业活动方式和能源类型与结构等;③ 区域“水—土—能—碳”耦合作用机制可以从微观角度、产业活动、土地利用等不同视角来分析;④ 区域“水—土—能—碳”耦合作用系统主要受自然、经济、社会和压力等因素的影响。其中经济因素,特别是经济发展水平、生产效率和技术水平是系统结构、功能和效率的决定性要素;⑤ 未来应重点从区域“水—土—能—碳”耦合系统模拟、其与气候变化和粮食安全的关系、资源耦合开发的碳排放效率及其综合评估与调控研究等方面开展研究。     

Inelastic response of one-storey asymmetric-plan systems subjected to bi-directional earthquake motions

The inelastic response of one-storey systems with one axis of asymmetry subjected to bi-directional base motion is studied in this paper. The effect of the system parameters on response is also evaluated: uncoupled torsional-to-lateral frequency ratio, stiffness eccentricity, and yield strength of the lateral resisting elements. The ensemble of earthquake records used consists of 15 two-component strong ground motions. The response to uni-directional excitation is considered first to examine the influence of the system parameters and to serve as a basis to examine the results of the bi-directional case, which are presented in terms of average spectra for bi- over uni-directional lateral-deformation ratios. It is shown that the effect of inelastic behaviour is, on the average, noteworthy for stiff structures, in turn, the same structures are the most affected by the action of bi-directional ground motions. The effect of the relative intensity of the two orthogonal ground motion components is also studied. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

In-plane floor flexibility effects on torsionally unbalanced systems

This paper presents the results of an analytical work addressed to understand the effects of in-plane floor flexibility on torsionally unbalanced (TU) systems subjected to bidirectional firm-soil earthquake records. The study uses a structural system consisting of a linear-elastic diaphragm supported by non-linear frames oriented along two orthogonal directions. The diaphragm is modelled with plane-stress finite elements and frames with stiffness-degrading flexural elements. Results indicate that an increase of in-plane diaphragm flexibility leads to a reduction of frame displacements for systems with initial lateral period of vibration T>0·4 s. For systems with T⩽0·4 s, in-plane floor flexibility can lead to significant frame displacement increments (50 per cent higher). Results show that these variations on displacements decrease for increasing values of both the seismic-force reduction factor and the system initial lateral period. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

2011年6月江西省北部一次大暴雨天气过程成因分析

利用常规气象观测资料、高时空分辨率TBB资料以及NCEP/FNL再分析资料,对2011年6月14—15日江西省北部梅雨锋暴雨过程进行了天气分析。同时,利用中尺度数值模式WRF对此次梅雨锋暴雨过程进行数值模拟,分析暴雨的中尺度系统结构特征。结果表明:稳定的环流形势下,500 h Pa低槽后部冷空气与强盛的西南暖湿气流在江南北部持续对峙,使得暴雨区稳定维持在江西省北部。低层充沛的水汽供应、强的热力不稳定及强烈的天气尺度、中尺度辐合和地形抬升是此次暴雨产生的有利环境场和触发条件。锋区及其附近的锋生过程与强降水密切相关,冷暖气流在地面至对流层中低层的交馁,激发正涡度柱沿锋区倾斜爬升,强烈的上升气流穿越锋区激发大量不稳定能量释放。超低空急流的脉动和稳定维持为暴雨发生的有利水汽输送机制,高低空水平距离的缩短有利于高低空急流的耦合、垂直运动的发展和降水强度的加强。强降水区上空β中尺度对流扰动在冷、暖气流对峙区内不断生成、发展、东移,加之局地地形等作用致使大暴雨的发生。     

Coupling Effects on Gold Mineralization of Deep and Shallow Structures in the Northwestern Jiaodong Peninsula, Eastern China

For understanding the possible deep-seated processes and geodynamic constrains on gold mineralization, comprehensive physicochemical and geochemical studies of gold mineralization have been undertaken within the paleo-lithosphere framework during the metailogenic epoch from the northwestern part of the Jiaodong Peninsula in this paper. A general image of the paleo-crust has been remained although it has been superimposed and reformed by post-metailogenic tectonic movements. The gold ore deposits occur usually in local uplifts and gradient belts featuring a turn from steep to gentle in granite-metamorphic contact zones, relative uplifts of gradient zones of the Curier isothermal interfaces, depressions of the Moho discontinuity and areas where depth contours are cut by isotherms perpendicularly. Gold mineralization and lithogenesis are characterized by high temperature, low pressure and high strength of thermal flux. The depth of mineralization ranges from 0.8 to 4.5 km. The depth of the top interface of the granitic complex in the metallogenic epoch is about 3 km. There is a low-velocity layer （LVL） at the bottom of the upper crust with a depth close to 19.5 km, which may be a detachment belt in the crust. The appearance of the LVL indicates the existence of paleo-hyperthermal fluid or relics of molten magma chambers, which reflects partial melting within the crust during the diagenetic and metallogenic epochs and the superposition effects of strike-slip shearing of the Taulu fault zone. The subsidence of the Moho is probably attributed to the coupling process of the NW-SE continental collision between North China and the Yangtze Block and the strike-slip movement of the Tanlu fault accompanied with underplating of mantle magma in the northwestern part of the Jiaodong Peninsula. The underplating of mantle magma may result in partial melting and make granite magma transfer upwards. This is favorable for the migration of metallogenic materials from deep to shallow to be enriched to form deposits. Coupling interactions between the strike-slip of the Taulu fault, the underplating of mantle magma, partial melting within the crust, and hyperthermal fluid, etc. may be the important factors controlling the gold mineralization and spatial structures in the metailogenic system.     

About possible geophysical causes of the decade fluctuations in the length of day

Fluctuations in the length of day (Δlod) can be caused by temporal variations of the inertia tensor described by the excitation function and by disturbances of the torque balance between core and mantle. Recent models of the atmospheric excitation of the variations of the lod certainly failed with respect to longer periods (e.g., at about 70 years), but seem to be responsible for the annual period, the 22 years period and for a part of the nearly 30 years period. So, another geophysical phenomenon is needed which is responsible for the remaining part of unexplained lod variations. Previous studies of the geomagnetic core-mantle coupling were re-examined using lod values from which atmospherically excited parts were removed. The remaining part of the 30 years period could be explained by core-mantle coupling. Additionally, the torque blance was realized by assuming lower values of the electrical conductivity at the bottom of the mantle. It was concluded that the consideration of geophysical processes within atmosphere and hydrosphere will be important for future refinements of the core-mantle coupling models of the decade fluctuations in the lod.     

闽台建设用地变化与工业化耦合的对比分析

闽台因其区域自然背景及历史文化的相似性和经济发展时序递差性成为区域对比研究的理想对象之一。利用闽台相关统计资料对比显示,闽台建设用地增长速度均体现出加速发展的态势,并集中分布于台湾海峡两岸,与两岸的经济布局成东西呼应格局。从福建不同工业化区域以及台湾工业化阶段对比,闽台建设用地综合变动系数均经历了由工业化初期的稳定型或相对稳定型发展到工业化中期的剧变型,并于工业化后期步入缓变型的过程,但福建工业化初期及后期的综合变动系数值略低于台湾。相关指标对比研究结果显示:相对于台湾而言福建产业结构变动率快于建设用地变化率,但福建工业化中期及后期区域的建设用地效率还明显低于台湾。通径分析的结果说明闽台建设用地变化的差异与两地经济发展阶段及产业结构密切相关。文章最后提出福建建设用地实现可持续利用的发展对策。