化石群落与层序地层的耦合关系研究——以塔里木盆地西部中新生代有孔虫群落与层序地层关系研究为例

本文研究的是大陆边缘海以底栖有孔虫为主的化石群落与层序地层的关系。海平面变化是控制化石群落演替和识别划分层序的主要因素。化石群落在一个完整海水进退旋回中呈机会种群落、平衡种群落、终极种群落演替变化,在化石丰度、多样度、均衡度、成壳类型等方面分异显著,与层序地层的三级层序的海进体系域、凝缩期沉积、高位体系域具有密切的耦合关系。化石群落的演替变化是对海洋环境变迁的能动反映。因此,化石群落的研究可以帮助识别和优化层序、沉积体系域和层序界面,从而为层序地层的准确识别划分提供新的思路。     

西昆仑—塔里木—天山岩石圈深地震探测综述

沿新疆地学断面走廊域实施了3种深地震探测方法：近垂直深地震反射剖面、宽角反射与折射深地震测深剖面和移动式宽频地震观测，揭露出西屁仑-塔里木-天山岩石圈的结构与横向变化，发现了塔里木大陆地块与青藏高原西北部西昆仑造山带碰撞的地震学证据，揭示出天山与塔里木、天山与准噶尔，以及昆仑山与塔里木之间的岩石圈尺度盆山耦合关系。阶段成果发表后引起国内外学者广泛注意，本文结合相关资料对这些新成果进行了系统综述，旨在对比研究青藏高原南北两缘不同的碰撞变形之深部过程。     

道路曲线的中、边桩坐标统一计算模型及应用

提出了缓和曲线的圆曲圆心坐标统一公式，用曲线圆心坐标和对称性，完整地推导出道路曲线无间断计算，中，边村同时测设的数学模型，在数学工作中得到高交利用。     

山西榆次地裂缝灾害评价的GIS与ANN耦合技术研究

现代地裂缝在世界许多国家普遍存在，已成为当今世界范围的一种主要地质灾害。本文详尽分析了山西榆次地裂缝灾害的各个致灾因子的基础上，利用地理信息系统（GIS）技术建立了地学信息的各个子专题层图；然后采用以工程技术手段模拟人脑神经网络结构和功能特征的人工神经网络（ANN）技术，构建出地裂缝灾情非线性评价模型，榆次地裂缝灾害进行了非线性评价，为榆次城建、环保和国土规划等部门的正确决策提供了重要的科学依据。     

A constitutive model for bonded geomaterials subject to mechanical and/or chemical degradation

The mechanical behaviour of bonded geomaterials is described by means of an elastoplastic strain‐hardening model. The internal variables, taking into account the ‘history’ of the material, depend on the plastic strains experienced and on a conveniently defined scalar measure of damage induced by weathering and/or chemical degradation. For the sake of simplicity, it is assumed that only internal variables are affected by mechanical and chemical history of the material. Despite this simplifying assumption, it can be shown that many interesting phenomena exhibited by weathered bonded geomaterials can be successfully described. For instance, (i) the transition from brittle to ductile behaviour with increasing pressure of a calcarenite with collapsing internal structure, (ii) the complex behaviour of chalk and other calcareous materials in oedometric tests, (iii) the chemically induced variation of the stress and strain state of such kind of materials, are all phenomena that can be qualitatively reproduced. Several comparisons with experimental data show that the model can capture the observed behaviour also quantitatively. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Alfvén wave coupling in the auroral current circuit

Auroral phenomena are controlled by the geomagnetic field.Since the terrestrial field lines connect the auroral oval to the equatorial region at large distances, the collisionless plasma in this remote space environment can act as a power supply for the high-latitude upper atmosphere where auroral emissions take place. The coupling process is intimately linked to currents which flow across the local magnetic field direction both in the equatorial part and at the atmospheric end of the auroral field lines. These two auroral key regions are connected through currents flowing along the terrestrial field lines, thereby completing the auroral current circuit. Such field-aligned currents are carried by Alfvén waves, that is, magnetohydrodynamic shear waves, which are thus a means to exchange momentum and energybetween rather remote parts of the geomagnetically controlledspace environment. Auroral dynamics is further affected by a third key region in the auroral current circuit, namely the auroral acceleration region, where parallel electric fields accelerate particle to keV energies. This review focuses on key region coupling through Alfvén waves. Continuity requirements for currents and electric fields provide a convenient means to describe the interaction of Alfvén waves with different plasma regimes. Basic coupling aspects can be demonstrated with the help of a simplified model. Inhomogeneities and nonlinear feedback can lead to resonance effects and instabilities.     

NUMERICA STUDY OF THUNDERSTORM ELECTRIFICATION WITH A THREE-DIMENSIONAL DYNAMICS AND ELECTRIFICATION COUPLED MODEL—MODEL DESCRIPTION AND PARAMETERIZATION OF ELECTRICAL PROCESSES*

A new three-dimensional dynamics and electrification coupled model has been developed for investigating the characteristics of microphysics,dynamics and electrification inside thunderstorms.This model is basically modified from a three-dimensional,time-dependent,and dual-parameter cloud model originally established in IAP (Institute of Atmospheric Physics) and a two-dimensional axisymmetric cloud dynamics and electrification coupled model.Primary modifications to the model include not only the coupling of electrification with dynamical and microphysical processes,but also the lightning discharge process and screening layer effect at the cloud top as well.Apart from including a full treatment of small ions with attachment to six classes of hydrometeors,the inductive and non-inductive charging mechanisms are more specifically considered.A case simulation of July 19.1981 CCOPE is performed aiming to validate the potential capability of the model.Comparison between model results and observations reveals that the model has the capacity to reproduce many of the observed characteristics of thunderstorms in dynamical,microphysical,and electrical aspects.     

劳动力视角下 跨国公司地方嵌入与区域发展战略耦合机制——以富士康郑州投资为例

全球生产网络（GPNs）非常重视跨国公司地方嵌入与区域发展的战略耦合模式及影响机制,然而以往研究相对聚焦于资本密集型或技术密集型企业,着重探讨产业联系、技术外溢、社会网络等要素的影响,而对以富士康为代表的劳动密集型跨国企业并未给予足够关注。本研究以郑州富士康为案例,融合劳工地理学和新经济地理学的理论视角,基于2017—2021年对郑州富士康的追踪调研,研究发现：① 在全球网络动力与本土地域动力相互联动的作用下,地方区位优势和企业空间粘性虽然发生了显著变化,并初步呈现出互惠式耦合特征,但郑州富士康地方嵌入与区域发展的战略耦合模式仍以依附式为主。② 劳动力视角下跨国公司地方嵌入与区域发展的战略耦合形成机制主要受制于公司属性特征与员工雇佣方式（包括企业性质、用工模式、工资福利等）、区域人口红利与劳动力供应格局、政府中介政策与劳动力行为选择等因素。③ 促进劳动密集型跨国公司地方嵌入与区域发展的战略耦合,维持劳动力市场弹性和激励跨国公司扩大投资并促进生产网络区域化应作为国家和地方政府战略制定和政策实施的两个基本维度。研究成果不仅可以有效弥补跨国公司地方嵌入与区域发展战略耦合对劳动力作用的忽视,而且通过典型案例可以为劳动密集型跨国公司与区域发展的战略耦合关系提供实证经验支持。     

城市双元创新驱动因素的时空异质性——以生物医药多元创新要素耦合分区为例

构建有向的耦合协调度模型,分析生物医药技术、资金、人才在城市间流动的协同水平,依此划分耦合分区。利用均方差-突变级数法和地理加权回归模型,探究2000—2018年间双元创新冷热点演化格局、双元创新驱动因素的时空异质性及其在不同耦合分区内的主导效应。结果发现：① 城市集聚多元创新要素时“脱钩”现象突出,对外配置多元要素时“雁阵效应”明显。根据多元要素协同流动情况,将地域划分为以依附式耦合为主的保守区、以互惠式耦合为主的平衡区和以吸收式耦合为主的明星区;② 渐进式创新具有时空惰性,突破式创新具有时空间歇性,两者相互反哺,存在时空连锁效应。保守区是主要的双元创新冷点区,平衡区内渐进式创新热点呈现出点-轴扩散的空间增长趋势,突破式创新热点在重要节点城市间跳跃分布,明星区内长三角和珠三角城市群的双元创新热点呈圈层式分布;③ 双元创新的驱动因素具有时序不稳定性和空间异质性,不同耦合分区内城市资产对双元创新的时空主导效应差异明显。