Variation of seismic coupling with slab detachment and upper plate structure along the western Hellenic subduction zone

The western Hellenic subduction zone is characterized by a trenchward velocity of the upper plate. In the Ionian islands segment, complete seismic coupling is achieved, as is predicted by standard plate-tectonic models in which there is no slab pull force because the slab has broken off. The moderate local seismic moment rate relates to a shallow downdip limit for the seismogenic interface. This characteristic may be attributed to the ductility of the lower crust of the upper plate, which allows a décollement between the upper crust of the overriding plate and the subducting plate. Farther south, a deeper downdip limit of the seismogenic interface is indicated by thrust-faulting earthquakes, which persist much deeper in western Crete. A correspondingly larger downdip width of this seismogenic zone is consistent with the suggested larger maximum magnitude of earthquakes here. However, since the seismic moment release rate seems to be moderate in the Peloponnese and western Crete, like in in the Ionian islands, this seismically active interface cannot maintain complete seismic coupling across its larger downdip width. A cause may be the lateral addition of overweight to the part of the slab still attached in Crete, by the free fall of its part that has broken off from the surface further north. This increased slab pull reduces the compressive normal stress across the seismogenic interface and thus causes partial seismic coupling in its shallower part. However, the width of this part may provide an additional area contributing to slip in large earthquakes, which may nucleate deeper on stick-slip parts of the interface. Hints at anomalies in structure and seismicity, which need to be resolved, may relate to the present location of the edge of the tear in the slab.     

应用常规气象观测资料估算塔里木盆地水面蒸发量

根据阿克苏水平衡站1999年至2002年非冻结期(4月至10月)20m^2蒸发池的蒸发量及常规气象观测资料，采用斜率关联度分析法分析了各气象要素对水而蒸发的影响程度，建立了计算水而蒸发量的经验公式，结果表明：(1)气象要素对20m^2蒸发池月平均蒸发量的影响程度从大到小的排列顺序为饱和水汽压差、气温、水面温度、空气饱和差、风速、实际水汽压、大气压、相对湿度；(2)20m^2蒸发池蒸发量与饱和水汽压差、空气湿度饱和差、气温、水面温度、风速、水汽压成正比关系；而与气压、相对湿度成反比关系；(3)所有回归方程都达到极显著水平，可供塔里木盆地缺测资料地区选用。     

非等温条件下道路水分迁移的数值模拟

通过分析季节冻土区的温度分布规律,建立了温度随时间的变化函数.在此基础上,基于连续介质力学和热力学理论,建立了道路水分迁移过程中的水热耦合动力学模型,并对季节性冻土地区的水分迁移现象进行数值模拟分析,初步探讨了在非等温冻结条件下,水热耦合过程中路基填料的含水量和温度随时间和深度变化的关系,计算结果表明,冻结过程中在冻结峰面附近形成一个冻结含水量峰值,且该峰值随着冻结时间的延长而向深度发展,这对于路基路面的综合设计,道路冻害的预报有着重要的理论意义和实际应用价值.但要真正体现道路路基水分迁移的机理,有待于建立水分迁移过程中水、热、动载和渗流耦合模型,这是有待于进一步解决的问题.     

Errors Due to the Common Ray Approximations of the Coupling Ray Theory

The common ray approximation considerably simplifies the numerical algorithm of the coupling ray theory for S waves, but may introduce errors in travel times due to the perturbation from the common reference ray. These travel-time errors can deteriorate the coupling-ray-theory solution at high frequencies. It is thus of principal importance for numerical applications to estimate the errors due to the common ray approximation.We derive the equations for estimating the travel-time errors due to the isotropic and anisotropic common ray approximations of the coupling ray theory. These equations represent the main result of the paper. The derivation is based on the general equations for the second-order perturbations of travel time. The accuracy of the anisotropic common ray approximation can be studied along the isotropic common rays, without tracing the anisotropic common rays.The derived equations are numerically tested in three 1-D models of differing degree of anisotropy. The first-order and second-order perturbation expansions of travel time from the isotropic common rays to anisotropic-ray-theory rays are compared with the anisotropic-ray-theory travel times. The errors due to the isotropic common ray approximation and due to the anisotropic common ray approximation are estimated. In the numerical example, the errors of the anisotropic common ray approximation are considerably smaller than the errors of the isotropic common ray approximation.The effect of the isotropic common ray approximation on the coupling-ray-theory synthetic seismograms is demonstrated graphically. For comparison, the effects of the quasi-isotropic projection of the Green tensor, of the quasi-isotropic approximation of the Christoffel matrix, and of the quasi-isotropic perturbation of travel times on the coupling-ray-theory synthetic seismograms are also shown. The projection of the travel-time errors on the relative errors of the time-harmonic Green tensor is briefly presented.     

正交加肋地基板在谐荷载作用下的动力响应

将加肋地基板作为板-梁耦合系统，考虑弹性地基模型，建立土—基础耦合系统的运动微分方程，通过富氏积分变换及其逆变换，演绎出双向正交加肋钢筋混凝土地基板在设备谐激力作用下的振动响应的半解析解法。结果说明，在土建设计中，为了减少振动对环境的有害影响，应考虑动力设备基础的隔振和减振问题。数值算例也表明，本方法有较好的计算精度。     

平转耦联隔震结构的动力特性及地震作用效应计算分析

建立了平转耦联隔震结构地震作用效应的计算方法，并在此基础上对结构的动力性能及隔震效果作出了比较和分析。     

Two deterministic and three stochastic modifications of Stokes’s formula: a case study for the Baltic countries

In regional gravimetric geoid determination, it is customary to use the modified Stokes formula that combines local terrestrial data with a global geopotential model. This study compares two deterministic and three stochastic modification methods for computing a regional geoid over the Baltic countries. The final selection of the best modification method is made by means of two accuracy estimates: the expected global mean square error of the geoid estimator, and the statistics of the post-fit residuals between the computed geoid models and precise GPS-levelling data. Numerical results show that the modification methods tested do not provide substantially different results, although the stochastic approaches appear formally better in the selected study area. The 2.8–5.3 cm (RMS) post-fit residuals to the GPS-levelling points indicate the suitability of the new geoid model for many practical applications. Moreover, the numerical comparisons reveal a one-dimensional offset between the regional vertical datum and the geoid models based upon the new GRACE-only geopotential model GGM01s. This gives an impression of a greater reliability of the new model compared to the earlier, EGM96-based and somewhat tilted regional geoid models for the same study area.