波流耦合下保守污染物迁移扩散的模拟研究

基于三维潮流和谱波浪模型,以及输移扩散模型和拉格朗日粒子追踪模型,构建了波流耦合下保守污染物的迁移扩散模型。模型基于非结构化网格,对近岸复杂岸线有很好的拟合,可用于大范围波流耦合计算。运用所建的耦合模型研究了旅顺港内外的潮流变化、波生流场、保守污染物输移、粒子运动、以及新水道对湾内污染物迁移的影响,模拟的潮流场与实测数据吻合较好。结果表明:潮流会在湾内近湾口处形成一逆时针涡,波浪对湾内影响较小,但波生流会改变湾口流场分布;在湾内处于涡中的水体潮流自净能力较强,而湾中及湾底则较弱,SE向波浪会降低湾内水体的自净能力;新潮流通道的开挖,会显著改善水体的自净能力,尤其对湾底浅水区域作用明显。     

中国小型底栖生物研究的40年——进展与展望

基于2016年希腊第16届国际小型底栖生物会议资料及我国已有的信息,本文论述了国内外小型底栖生物的研究概况,着重介绍了我国该领域的主要进展,包括小型底栖生物的方法学、丰度与生物量的分布、海洋线虫和底栖桡足类的分类学、入侵植物种对线虫群落的影响、粒径谱和次级生产力、摄食生态学、实验室培养和生活史、环境检测、海洋线虫的分子生物学与系统演化、生态动力学-水层底栖耦合模型以及人才培养。依据国内外研究现状提出了今后的发展目标和应着重加强的研究方向。     

10MW级海上浮式风机运动特性研究

以DTU 10 MW基准风机为研究对象,单柱式平台作为基础支撑结构,使用FAST软件计算分析,考虑单独风、单独波浪以及风浪组合三种环境条件,对10 MW级海上浮式风机的运动特性进行研究。研究发现:系统摇荡是风激励的低频运动和波浪激励的波频运动的合成,气动阻尼削弱系统的波频运动;系统纵荡和纵摇运动存在明显的耦合现象,而垂荡运动和其他方向的运动没有耦合关系;受纵摇影响,转动的风轮产生陀螺惯性力矩,激励首摇运动;随着风机单机容量的增加,风激励的低频运动比例增大,波浪激励的波频运动比例减小。     

A proposal for the theoretical analysis of the interactive coupled effects between urbanization and the eco-environment in mega-urban agglomerations

Mega-urban agglomerations are strategic core areas for national economic development and the main regions of new urbanization. They also have important roles in shifting the global economic center of gravity to China. However, the development of mega-urban agglomerations has triggered the interactive coercion between resources and the eco-environment. The interactive coupled effects between urbanization and the eco-environment in mega-urban agglomerations represent frontier and high-priority research topics in the field of Earth system science over the next decade. In this paper, we carried out systematic theoretical analysis of the interactive coupling mechanisms and coercing effects between urbanization and the eco-environment in mega-urban agglomerations. In detail, we analyzed the nonlinear-coupled relationships and the coupling characteristics between natural and human elements in mega-urban agglomerations. We also investigated the interactive coercion intensities between internal and external elements, and the mechanisms and patterns of local couplings and telecouplings in mega-urban agglomeration systems, which are affected by key internal and external control elements. In addition, we proposed the interactive coupling theory on urbanization and the eco-environment in mega-urban agglomerations. Furthermore, we established a spatiotemporal dynamic coupling model with multi-element, multi-scale, multi-scenario, multi-module and multi-agent integrations, which can be used to develop an intelligent decision support system for sustainable development of mega-urban agglomerations. In general, our research may provide theoretical guidance and method support to solve problems related to mega-urban agglomerations and maintain their sustainable development.     

塔里木河流域农牧系统耦合协调度分析

种植业(农业系统中的小农业)和畜牧业是农业系统中的两大主要组成部分,其协调发展有利于现代农业的实现。塔里木河流域是新疆重要的农业生产区域,农牧耦合协调发展将有利于推动流域现代农业的进程,增加农牧民收入。在统计学"变异性系数"的基础之上对其进行改良,构建了塔里木河流域农牧系统的耦合度和耦合协调度模型,以2003-2014年的统计数据为基础,定量分析了流域农牧系统耦合度和协调度,得出以下结论:流域传统农业特征显著;流域农牧协调发展存在一定的难度;流域农牧耦合只是简单的初级耦合,农牧高级耦合发展后劲还不足;政策因素对流域农牧耦合影响较大。     

甘肃省城市化与土地集约利用耦合协调发展

土地集约利用能够促进城市化健康发展,而城市化水平又影响着土地集约利用水平,两者的耦合协调程度是影响城市发展的关键因素。本文对甘肃省12个地级市进行实证研究,构建城市化与土地集约利用的耦合协调发展度模型,定量评价两者之间的耦合协调发展状况,并且利用地理空间分析工具进行空间聚类分析。结果表明:多数市已经从拮抗期过渡到磨合期,但是还没有进入协调期,说明甘肃省城市化与土地集约利用之间还未完全达到完全协调发展的程度;甘肃省城市化与土地集约利用的耦合协调发展度普遍较低,从2003年开始呈现出逐年扩张的趋势。     

Spatial energy efficiency patterns and the coupling relationship with industrial structure:A study on Liaoning Province,China

Using a sample of 14 prefecture-level cities in Liaoning Province, this study first explored the spatial hierarchy and structural characteristics of energy efficiency from the following three viewpoints: energy technical efficiency based on data envelopment analysis, energy consumption per unit of GDP, and energy utilization efficiency combining the previous two indexes. After measuring and analyzing the advancement, rationality, and concentration of the industrial structure in each city, we made some generalizations about the coupling features of the energy efficiency and industrial structure in Liaoning, using the coupling degree rating model. Some of our conclusions are as follows: (1) The 14 cities differ significantly in their energy efficiency, with Shenyang, Dalian, Anshan, and Jinzhou enjoying the highest energy efficiency. Northwestern Liaoning and other heavy-industrial cities such as Fushun and Benxi belong to low-efficiency and high-consumption areas. (2) In areas with higher efficiency, the spatial patterns of the energy technical efficiency, energy consumption per unit of GDP, and energy utilization efficiency are, respectively, "π"-,"Ⅱ"- and "H"- shaped. Geographically, the energy utilization efficiency shows different trends from east to west and from north to south. Factors such as the binuclear structure of economic development have a major effect on this spatial pattern of energy efficiency. (3) Southeastern Liaoning enjoys a highly advanced industrial structure. Areas with a highly rational industrial structure form an “H” shape, with Shenyang and Dalian at the two poles. The urban agglomerations in middle and southern Liaoning have a highly concentrated industrial structure. (4) Overall, the coupling between energy efficiency and industrial structure is low in Liaoning, except for Shenyang and Dalian at both ends, where the coupling between an advanced industrial structure and energy efficiency is higher than in other cities.     

舟山海域风暴潮特征及数值模拟研究

选择20个对舟山海域有较大影响的历史台风案例,开展定海站实测潮位数据的分析与归纳,总结得出20个台风中风暴潮过程增水最大值为5612号台风的207.1 cm,风暴潮高潮位最大值为9711号台风的283.7 cm。同时,在三维斜压水动力模型SELFE的基础上加入台风气压场和风场模块,建立了一个采用非结构三角形网格的天文潮-风暴潮耦合模型,模拟表明定海站的斜压效应较为明显,非线性耦合作用相对较弱,但两潮耦合风暴潮增水结果仍优于风暴潮单因子增水结果,与实际增水更为接近。在此基础上,以一定间隔在5612号台风原路径南北两侧各设计了2条平行路径,分别模拟两潮耦合风暴潮增水,结果表明5612号台风参数沿其原路径偏南1个最大风速半径距离的S1路径运动时可模拟得到定海站可能最大风暴潮增水为243.9 cm。最后,在S1路径下模拟可能最大风暴潮增水分别遭遇天文高、中、低潮位时的风暴潮高潮位,结果表明天文潮高潮时可得到可能最大风暴潮高潮位约为400 cm,天文中潮时次之,而天文低潮时风暴潮高潮位最低。     

分析土和结构相互作用的一种实用耦合方法

提出一种新的数值解与解析解耦合的理论和计算方法,研究土-结构相互作用(SSI)体系的地震动力响应。采用大型有限元软件OpenSees模拟复杂结构的非线性行为,用等效线弹性频域内解析解模拟地基土的行为,使用时域离散递归方法将频域内的解析解转化到时域内,再通过子结构边界上力和位移的协调条件来求解。二者之间的耦合和实时数据交流通过CS集成方法来实现。以一个单自由度算例和一个实际工程为例,验证此方法的精度、稳定性和工程实用性,对比在考虑和不考虑SSI体系情况下结构动力响应的区别。本文所提的耦合SSI计算方法和部分研究成果可为工程设计人员提供参考。     

多重孔岩石微分等效介质模型及其干燥情形下的解析近似式

经典的微分等效介质(DEM)理论可用于确定多孔介质的弹性性质,但由于缺乏多重孔DEM方程,其估计的多重孔岩石的等效弹性模量依赖于包裹体(即不同孔隙纵横比的孔或缝)的添加顺序.本文首先从Kuster-Toksöz理论出发建立了Zimmermann和Norris两种形式的多重孔DEM方程.Norris形式的多重孔DEM方程预测的等效弹性模量总是位于Hashin-Shtrikman上下限内,而Zimmermann形式的多重孔DEM方程有时会越界.然后,通过使用干燥岩石模量比的解析近似式,对两个相互耦合的Norris形式DEM方程进行解耦得到干燥多重孔岩石的体积和剪切模量解析式.用全DEM方程的数值解对解析近似式的有效性进行了测试,解析公式的计算结果在整个孔隙度分布区间与数值解吻合良好.对实验室测量数据在假设岩石含有双重孔隙的情形下用双重孔DEM解析公式对岩石的弹性模量进行了预测,结果表明,解析式准确地预测了弹性模量随孔隙度的变化.双重孔(即软、硬孔)DEM解析模型可用来反演各孔隙类型的孔隙体积比,它可以通过实验室测量与理论预测之间的平方误差最小反演得到.砂岩样品的反演结果揭示,软孔的孔隙体积百分比与粘土含量没有明显的相关性.