城市居民压力源对幸福感的影响研究——基于乡村旅游休闲参与的角度

居民幸福感研究日益受到重视,以往研究多是从自然环境、社会人文环境和城市化进程等方面探讨大尺度空间环境因素对城市居民幸福感的影响。结合乡村旅游的角度探讨城市居民幸福感的影响研究,目前还较少。运用SEM分析方法,探究处于多维压力之下的城市居民旅游者如何通过前往乡村进行旅游休闲活动提升幸福感,进行模型构建与分析,结果显示：① 压力源对调适策略有显著正向影响,对休闲参与不显著,但不同群体影响差异显著,压力调适对休闲参与有显著正向影响;② 休闲参与对心流体验和幸福感具有显著正向关系,且心流体验对幸福感具有显著正向影响;③ 心流体验对休闲效益具有正向显著影响,且休闲效益对幸福感具有正向显著影响;④ 心流体验在休闲参与对幸福感、休闲效益在心流体验对幸福感均具有显著中介效应;⑤ 旅游者不同背景变项在压力调适、休闲参与及幸福感等分别呈现不同程度的显著差异。     

乡村农户旅游适应效果、模式及其影响因素——以西安市和咸阳市17个案例村为例

乡村旅游地面临人地交互作用的剧烈变迁,内部要素适应社会-生态系统变化,趋利避害降低脆弱性具有重要现实意义。本文重新界定基于恢复力和脆弱性的农户适应性理论内涵,构建旅游开发适应力指标体系,以西安市和咸阳市17个不同类型的城郊型乡村旅游地为例,评价和分析农户旅游适应效果与空间差异规律,探讨和归纳适应行为与对策模式,建立BP神经网络辨别和揭示适应性影响因素与重要性关系。研究表明：① 西安市和咸阳市农户适应旅游开发综合效果呈现中等偏下水平的偏态分布趋势,分别处于旅游地生命周期快速发展阶段和探索起步阶段。② 乡村旅游地农户适应效果形成“圈层辐射、两翼包络、外围联动”的县域尺度空间分布格局;村域尺度圈层分化现象显著。③ 经营模式划分的旅游乡村农户适应效果股份制模式>“公司+农户”模式>“政府+公司+农户”模式>个体农庄模式>“农户+农户”模式;常年外出务工和农家乐经营是农户主要适应行为选择,季节性务工、本地上班以及农业生产是辅助适应行为选择,且适应行为组合方式表现为旅游专营型、旅游主导型、均衡兼营型、务工主导型和务农主导型五种适应对策模式。④ 旅游发展机会认知、技能培训机会、社会联结度、劳动力总量、政策知晓度、旅游就业人数、收入来源种类、生活主要能源、受教育程度、公共服务设施是农户主要旅游适应性影响因素。据此,提出后续社会-生态整合研究亟需突破方向和适应旅游开发的政策路径。     

“一带一路”下旅游文化产业的大数据体系架构与实施途径研究

本文探究“一带一路”旅游大数据的产业创新体系架构,明确“旅游文化建设、旅游消费习性培育、跨域资源协作”等产业创新路径,明晰沿线各国的文化融合途径,构建以“文化通”为内涵的旅游大数据体系。通过文献梳理、质化研究和实时数据分析,建构适用性旅游大数据架构,解决“一带一路”旅游文化产业中的信息稀疏、习性碎片化和诚信不足等现实困难,助力沿线各国的旅游发展新局面。借鉴应用系统工程中霍尔三维支撑理论,从知识、时间和逻辑三个维度,搭建新时代条件下旅游业态的以价值集聚、诚信保护和旅游文化传承为核心的创新途径支持体系,为旅游经济管理理论,提供了一个全新的研究视角。     

安徽省温泉旅游区的品牌建设与营销策略研究

安徽省温泉旅游区以它独有的特色和文化的魅力赢得社会广泛的关注,也吸引更多的人对温泉旅游区的品牌建设与营销策略的研究。阐述了安徽省温泉旅游资源赋存状况,并分析安徽省温泉旅游区的品牌建设与营销策略现状。得出如下主要结论:(1)安徽省温泉多数位于隆起的大别山区、长江沿岸的巢湖—和县一带以及皖南地区;(2)产品开发利用层次不一,大多处于中程度利用;(3)温泉相关的旅游区品牌建设与营销策略相对滞后。最后在此基础上,提出现阶段安徽省温泉旅游区的品牌建设与营销策略的对策。     

地理国情监测成果在农业、旅游领域中的应用

开展地理国情监测工作的目的是为了获取自然与人类社会经济活动引起的地表变化信息,具体包括地表自然要素、人文地理要素和社会经济信息的空间分布特征及其相互关系,是基本国情的重要组成部分,为政府管理决策、企业生产运营、人民群众生活提供数据基础和决策依据。本文基于地理国情监测数据,结合多种测绘地理信息数据和技术手段,探讨如何利用地理国情监测成果促进农业与旅游业的发展,以期深入挖掘和提升监测成果价值,全面拓展监测成果应用服务的新思路、新方向。     

历史遗址类旅游地的生命周期研究——以美国14家历史遗址公园为例

实证研究中旅游地生命周期理论的运用潜力备受质疑。论文选取美国14家国家历史遗址公园为例,采用旅游研究中较少使用的四参数Logistic模型结合一次函数、二次函数、三次函数、高斯多峰分析法拟合旅游地的生命周期。研究发现：四参数Logistic模型结合一次函数、二次函数、三次函数能较好地拟合旅游地的生命周期;利用四参数Logistic曲线的上弯点、拐点、下弯点能定量的划分出旅游地的起步探索、发展、巩固、停滞阶段,一次函数、二次函数、三次函数能拟合旅游地的衰退或复兴阶段,这回答了学者们对生命周期阶段难以定量划分的质疑。根据旅游地停滞期之后的发展趋势还能归纳出该类旅游地的生命周期类型;高斯多峰分析法将旅游地的生命周期拟合成一个个波动的高斯峰,更大程度上保留了旅游地演进的波动特征;将高斯多峰分析法与四参数Logistic模型结合起来,不仅能定量划分旅游地的生命周期阶段,还能准确地描述在生命周期阶段内的波动情况,甚至分析各生命周期阶段对整个生命周期的影响和作用。     

布达拉宫旅游商业化的社区治理研究

以社区为出发点,综合旅游商业化、社区治理等相关理论,在布达拉宫及周边社区旅游商业化表征分类的基础上,梳理其社区旅游商业化的治理成效及治理困境。再运用静态博弈模型与决策树,分析布达拉宫及周边社区旅游商业化的治理中各利益主体博弈的过程,并探析治理困境的原因。研究发现,旅游商业化的社区治理受到各利益主体间权力大小和利益选择的影响。政府及相关部门处于强势地位,主导并采取措施治理旅游商业化。布达拉宫的各空间圈层在商业化治理过程和难度上都存在明显差异。引起治理困境的原因主要是“权”与“利”的纠葛、商业化控制的阈限不清晰、利益主体之间的沟通不畅。在主要利益相关者的博弈中,各治理主体共同重构一个相对均衡的“利益－权力”关系结构,以保证社区旅游商业化得以有效治理。     

Evaluation System for Yunnan Cultural Tourism Routes Based on a Five Component Model: Case Study of the Ancient Tea-horse Road in the South of Yunnan

Cultural tourism routes can reveal and protect cultural tourism heritage by means of cultural tourism in the “time category” and the “space category”. The construction of an evaluation system for cultural tourism routes and the evaluation, scoring and grading of existing and potential cultural tourism routes are the key to the protection of heritage, history and culture along these routes, and the key to encouraging the standardization, branding and sustainable development of various formats on the routes. Yunnan cultural tourism routes are diverse and rich in resources, and their developmental foundation is good. However, the tourism development and cultural development activities occur along separate lines and there is a lack of unified management. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research on information collection, information analysis, problem diagnosis and improvement of status in the local practices of Yunnan cultural tourism routes, and to guide the sustainable development of Yunnan cultural tourism routes. Based on the advanced experience of COE (Council of Europe), UNESCO WHC (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, World Heritage Committee) and ICOMOS(International Council on Monuments and Sites), this paper comprehensively analyzes the decisive criteria for line evaluation by interpreting and summarizing the connotations of cultural tourism routes, and determines that the evaluation of cultural tourism routes should include lines. Five aspects―the theme, the participating subject, the object itself, related activities and multi-party value―are used to construct a five-component model. At the same time, based on the consumer utility function, a complete route evaluation and hierarchical system is constructed. Then, taking the Ancient Tea-horse Road cultural tourism route as an example and using the expert scoring method and the analytic hierarchy process, the actual scores and grades of the Ancient Tea-horse Road cultural tourism route are determined, and countermeasures and suggestions for its sustainable development are proposed. The paper also verifies the applicability and practicability of the evaluation system, and promotes and improves the feedback evaluation system. The aim is to at promote and widely apply the evaluation system of cultural tourism routes, realizing the transformation from individual cases to joint cases, and promoting the standardization and sustainable development of cultural tourism routes.     

Responding to Global Warming: Mitigation Policies and Actions of Stakeholders in China’s Tourism Industry

China’s tourism industry has witnessed rapid progress in recent years, and is now an important part of global tourism in dealing with climate change. Within a framework of Pressure-State-Response (PSR), this paper focuses on the emission reduction pressure, carbon emission status, and responses of stakeholders in China’s tourism industry. Findings include: 1) The central government’s strategy and rapid growth of the industry scale exert rising pressure on China’s tourism to reduce carbon emissions. 2) Carbon emissions of China's tourism account for 13%-14.6% of global tourism, and about 3% of China’s emissions overall. Chinese tourists’ per capita carbon emission is lower than half of the global level. 3) The Chinese government attaches great importance to energy-saving and carbon emission reduction. In the tourism industry, documents, standards and other regulative measures have been issued to ensure that business practitioners set up green operational and managerial systems. In the field of tourism transportation, China's high-speed rail, new energy vehicles, and urban shared bicycles, have developed very rapidly in recent years, and they have effectively reduced the carbon emissions in traveling. Furthermore, this paper finds that Chinese tourists already have awareness and willingness for low-carbon tourism.     

Analysis of Multiple Tourist Agents’ Symbiotic Relationship on the View of Tourist Enterprises Based on a Grey Correlation Model: A Case Study of Qinghai Lake,China

Tourism symbiosis is a social phenomenon consisting of many complex factors, and the reciprocal cooperation among multiple tourist agents at tourist destinations is the crux of the sustainable development of tourism. This study is from the perspective of tourist enterprises, and introduces the Symbiosis Theory of genecology. A quantitative evaluation is used to analyze both the equilibrium state of the combined symbiotic behavior routes and the behavior patterns of tourist enterprises with local governments, community residents, tourists and tourist enterprises around Qinghai Lake. The findings reveal: (1) the symbiotic behavior routes of the multiple tourist agents “E→G-R-T-E” in the Qinghai Lake area are constituted of intense symbiotic indications, while the maximum dimensionality of symbiotic interest of “E→G-R-T-E” is still in the state of disequilibrium and dissymmetry; (2) the symbiotic model of multiple tourist agents “E→G-R-T-E” in the Qinghai Lake area is an asymmetrically positive symbiotic model. It is proposed that, by establishing symbiotic mechanisms for guidance, decisions, supervisory control and profit distribution, the participation mechanism for multiple agents “E-G-R-T” can be further standardized. Moreover, tourist enterprises should be regarded as the primary agents to optimize the symbiotic model for “E→G-R-T-E” through the reinforcement of integrative supply and the construction of integrative effect, and finally promote the integrative symbiotic model of symmetrical reciprocity of the E-R-G-T model “driven by scenic areas, responsive to community residents, affected by local governments and enjoyed by tourists.”