三维非均匀地幔中深源电场和磁场的谱理论(Ⅰ)——基本耦合方程组

地球深部研究(SEDI)已经揭示出地幔中的温度和密度在大尺度下的三维非均匀结构,而地幔的电性结构是敏感地依赖于地幔的热状态的.对由地球发电机产生的非定常深源电场和磁场,在三维非均匀地幔中的扩散问题作3系统的探讨.根据球面矢量场的Helmholtz 分解定理,将支配的Maxwell 方程组分解为位势场Φ、环型场T 和极型场S 的基本耦合偏微分方程组,并利用张量球谐函数展开,得到该方程组的谱表示.以此,作为进一步研究核幔电磁耦合理论的必要基础.     

利用长周期面波研究华北地区地壳与上地幔结构的横向非均匀性

本文以太行山为界将华北地区分为东西两部分,东部为河淮块体,西部为鄂尔多斯块体.利用最小二乘法,从混合路径基阶瑞利面波群速度频散提取两块体的纯路径频散,并反演其地壳、上地幔的层状结构.所得结表果明,两块体的面波频散和地壳、上地幔结构存在明显差异.东部的河淮块体地壳较薄,地壳内平均速度比西部的鄂尔多斯块体壳内平均速度约低0.13km/s,壳内20km深度左右出现低速层;而西部的块体壳内速度成层递增,未见低速层出现.两块体上地幔顶部速度均偏低,地幔低速层的埋藏深度基本相同.但西部块体地幔低速层厚,且比东部块体地幔低速层的速度约低0.3km/s.     

Study of the crust and mantle using magnetic surveys by Magsat and other satellites

Among the first measurements made from near-Earth orbiting satellites were measurements of the magnetic field. The sources of that field lie both within the Earth, in its core and crust, and in the surrounding ionosphere and magnetosphere. This article summarizes some of the methodology and results for studies of the Earth’s mantle and crust. Mantle conductivity studies can be made either by studying signals impressed on the Earth from outside, e.g., the ionosphere or magnetosphere, or by studying signals originating in the core and transmitted through the mantle. Crustal field studies begin with a careful selection of the data and subsequent removal of core and external fields by some sort of filtering. Average maps from different local times sometimes differ, presumably due to the remaining presence of fields of external origin. Several techniques for further filtering are discussed. Where large-area aeromagnetic maps are available, crustal maps derived from satellite data can be compared with upward continued data. In general, the comparisons show agreement, with some differences, particularly in and near the auroral belts. The satellite data are further reduced by various methods of inverse and forward modelling, sometimes including reduction to the pole (RTP). These techniques are generally unstable at the equator. Common methods of stabilizing the inversions include principle components analysis and ridge regression. Because of the presence of the core field, the entire crustal contribution from the field is not known. Also, there is a basic nonuniqueness to the inverse solutions. Nevertheless, magnetizations that are interpretable can be derived.     

下扬子江苏地区P_n残差与上地幔波速各向异性

本文搜集江苏台网1982年-1987年2月间发生在江苏及其邻近地区103次地震的1047个P_n数据,经过静校正和质量分类,重新计算了震中距.选择灌云台为参考台,对一次地震的P_n数据,其它台均减去参考台的数据,成功地消除了与震源参数不确定有关的误差.处理中采用质量加权,获得了上地幔平均速度、大部分台P_n残差以及不同方位上P_n视速度估计值. 按Backus给出的波速各向异性的公式,求出江苏地区P_n速度与方位之间有2％左右的速度各向异性,最大方向和对称方向近南北,最小方向为北东东.推断其成因是由于白垩纪至第三纪期间壳下岩石圈北南向流变引起橄榄石晶体从优定向的结果.这为苏北盆地及下扬子碳酸盐岩地区地质构造形成发展动力学的建立提供了有利的深部依据.     

The abnormal mantle and deep tectonic process in the southern region of North China Plain

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豫北及其外围地区地壳上地幔结构研究

利用菏泽～长治和郑州～济南深地震测深剖面资料，进行了一维、二维射线追踪走时拟合与合成地震图计算，获得了该区地壳上地幔速度结构。结果表明，地壳上地幔速度结构在纵向和横向上具有明显的不均一性。浅部断裂较发育，对应其地壳深部界面和速度等值线起伏变化较明显。在华北坳陷区南部上地幔隆起的背景上存在两个局部凸起，凸起最高处与浅部的东濮凹陷、汤阴地堑基本对应，Ｍ面埋深分别约３１ｋｍ和３４ｋｍ     

气压场巨涨落与非线性地震系统状态的突变和临震预报研究（上）

本研究以非线性孕震系统在爆发前夕的外敏性为物理基础，对大气扰动下的岩体失稳突变问题进行了初步的探讨，给出了气─－地耦合的一般表示，并连续分析了云南近３５年来大气压力场演化与场内近百次５级以上地震（内含１９次６级，４次７级）的基本关系，系统地证明了绝大部分强震都是在其上覆大气涨落加剧及与邻区气压梯度增大时突然爆发的，这种自然共性的揭示，既是对理论的认证，也丰富了短临地震预报的科学依据。