Plasma drift estimates from the Dynasonde: comparison with EISCAT measurements

Modern ionosondes make almost simultaneous measurements of the time rate of change of phase path in different directions and at different heights. By combining these Doppler measurements and angles of arrival of many such radar echoes it is possible to derive reliable estimates of plasma drift velocity for a defined scattering volume. Results from both multifrequency and kinesonde-mode soundings at 3-min resolution show that the Dynasonde-derived F-region drift velocity is in good agreement with EISCAT, despite data loss during intervals of blanketing by intense E-region ionisation. It is clear that the Tromsø Dynasonde, employing standard operating modes, gives a reliable indication of overall convection patterns during quiet to moderately active conditions.     

The thermospheric effects of a rapid polar cap expansion

In a previous publication we used results from a coupled thermosphere-ionosphere-plasmasphere model to illustrate a new mechanism for the formation of a large-scale patch of ionisation arising from a rapid polar cap expansion. Here we describe the thermospheric response to that polar cap expansion, and to the ionospheric structure produced. The response is dominated by the energy and momentum input at the dayside throat during the expansion phase itself. These inputs give rise to a large-scale travelling atmospheric disturbance (TAD) that propagates both antisunward across the polar cap and equatorward at speeds much greater than both the ion drifts and the neutral winds. We concentrate only on the initially poleward travelling disturbance. The disturbance is manifested in the neutral temperature and wind fields, the height of the pressure level surfaces and in the neutral density at fixed heights. The thermospheric effects caused by the ionospheric structure produced during the expansion are hard to discern due to the dominating effects of the TAD.     

自由对流及其对成岩作用和烃类运移的影响

自由对流是一种由于流体的密度变化而产生的流体的运动。在沉积盆地,随深度增加,流体的温度也升高,升高的温度可引起流体的热膨胀作用,从而导致地下流体密度随深度而降低,产生垂向密度差。在一定的条件下,该密度差可导致流体产生自由对流。自由对流的流体在运动过程中搬运了大量的矿物质和烃类。由于这些矿物质和烃类的溶解度几乎都与温度有关,因此在对流圈的高温和低温部位,将出现一些矿物质和烃类的溶解、析出或沉淀,从而对成岩作用和烃类运移、聚集构成重要的影响。     

希夏邦马峰抗物热冰川离子淋溶作用对冰芯记录的影响(英)

The ion elution process has a severe effects on the formation of ice core record, which is discussed on the results of ice core record from kangwure Glacier, Xixabangma Peak.     

格陵兰冰芯记录的大气环流变化及其与南极冰芯的比较(英)

The GISP2, central Greealand, glaciochemical series (sodium, potassium, ammonium,calcium, magnesium, sulfate, nitrate and chloride) provides a unique view of the chemistry of the atmosphere and the history of atmospheric circulation over much of the Northern Hemisphere. Interpretation of this record reveals the controls on both high and low frequency climate events of the last 110 000 years.Changes in insolation on the order of the major orbital cycles control the long-term behavior of atmospheric circulation patterns through changes in ice volume (sea level) and related positive feedbacks.Events such as the Heinrich events (massive discharges of icebergs first identified in the marine record)are found to operate on a 6 100 year cycle due largely to the lagged response of ice sheets to changes in insolation and consequent glacier dynamics Rapid climate change events (massive reorganizations of atmospheric circulation) are demonstrated to operate on 1 450 year cycle possibly in response to internal oscillations in the ocean-atmosphere system or due to changes in solar output. Changes in insolation and associated positive feedbacks related to ice sheets assist in explaining favorable time periods and controls on the amplitude of these massive rapid climate change events.Comparison of the GISP2 glaciochemical series with an ice record from Taylor Dome in Antarctica indicates considerable similarity suggesting that both polar regions experience marked changes in climate. While preliminary evidence points to similar phasing of several major climate events in the two polar regions exact phasing cannot as yet be determined, because dating of Antarctic ice core records is not as well-established as the dating for Greenland ice cores.     

电镀镍锰胎体金刚石钻头的应用

对电镀镍锰胎体金刚石钻头和镍钴胎体钻头的使用情况进行了对比。实践证明,镍锰胎体钻头特别适用于钻进坚硬破碎、强研磨性地层和软硬交替的地层。     

豫西东秦岭造山带核部杂岩中大理岩Pb—Pb等时线年龄及其地质意义

本文报道了豫西东秦岭核部杂岩中大理岩919±53Ma的Ph－Pb等时线年龄测定结果,结合本地区变质作用及其年龄研究结果,指出大理岩919±53Ma的Pb-Pb等时线年龄是碳酸盐岩区域变质作用形成大理岩后近于等压冷却的年龄,为秦岭地区加厚的地壳均衡隆升,到达地壳一定深度后近于等压的冷却提供了同位亲年龄证据。     

自由地核章动的时变特性

对VLBI观测确定的IAU1980章动模型的天极偏移序列进行分析,结果显示自由地核章动在1990年以前的幅值比其后为强,其时变强度比周年受迫章动的为大．另外,小波变换的时频谱分析结果显示在天极偏移序列中存在一幅值约0．1毫角秒的准两年周期信号．仅从目前的数据分析结果尚不足以确定此信号与顺向自由地核章动之间的关系,进一步的观测检,验和深入的内核动力学研究是非常必要的．     

The dependence of the diffusion coefficient on the mixing length in Kato's overstable zone

The treatment of the overstable zone by Langer, Sugimoto &38; Fricke is extended so that the effects of radiative heat loss from convective elements and of the mixing length are included. As the overstability investigated by Kato arises because of the radiative heat loss from the convective element, this loss may play a role in the heat flux. In the formulation presented in this work, the diffusion coefficient depends on the mixing length when the mixing length is very small. In calculations with the method of Langer et al., the efficiency factor of the diffusion coefficient of chemical species is sometimes much smaller than 1. This exceedingly small efficiency factor may be explained by the dependence of the diffusion coefficient on the mixing length. We find that the neutral condition of Kato's overstable zone is ∇ _rad = ∇ _ad.     

Stellar evolution models for Z = 0.0001 to 0.03

We have calculated a grid of empirically well tested evolutionary tracks with masses M between 0.5 and 50 M⊙, spaced by approximately 0.1 in log M , and with metallicities Z  = 0.0001, 0.0003, 0.001, 0.004, 0.01, 0.02 and 0.03. We use a robust and fast evolution code with a self-adaptive non-Lagrangian mesh, which employs the mixing-length theory but treats convective mixing as a diffusion process, solving simultaneously for the structure and the chemical composition. The hydrogen and helium abundances are chosen as functions of the metallicity: X  = 0.76 − 3.0 Z Y  = 0.24 + 2.0 Z .   Two sets of models were computed, one without and one with a certain amount of enhanced mixing or 'overshooting'. This amount has been empirically chosen by means of various sensitive tests for overshooting: (1) the luminosity of core helium burning (blue loop) giants of well-known mass, (2) the width of the main sequence as defined by double-lined eclipsing binaries with well-measured masses and radii, and (3) the shape and implied stellar distribution of isochrones of various open clusters. The first two tests have been the subject of previous papers, the third test is discussed in this paper. On the basis of these tests, we recommend the use of the overshooting models for masses above about 1.5M ⊙.   We describe here the characteristics of the models, the procedure for constructing isochrones for arbitrary age and metallicity from the models, and the performance of these isochrones for several intermediate-age and old open clusters. All original models are available in electronic form and we describe the means by which they may be obtained.