Geology,Geochemistry, and Geochronology of the Fenghuangshan Skarn‐type Copper Deposit in the Tongling Ore Cluster,Anhui Province,East China

The Fenghuangshan skarn-type Cu deposit, Tongling Ore Cluster, Anhui Province, is an important component in the Middle–Lower Yangtze River ore-forming belt. To better understand magmatism and its relationship to mineralization, we investigated geochemical features, ore-forming fluids, and geochronology of the Xinwuli intrusion and the related Fenghuangshan Cu deposit. Lithogeochemical characteristics show that the Xinwuli quartz monzodiorite is formed by mixing magma derived from upper mantle alkaline basalt that has been contaminated by crust materials. C, H and O isotopes indicate that ore-forming fluids mainly come from the magma, with minor amounts of meteoric fluids involved at the late stage. S and Pb isotopic components indicate that ore-forming materials are derived from the mantle. Molybdenite Re–Os isotopic dating yields Re–Os model ages ranging from 139.1±2.4 Ma to 142.0±2.2 Ma, with an isochronal age of 141.1±1.4 Ma, which is consistent with sensitive, high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) zircon U–Pb ages of quartz monzodiorite and granodiorite in the mining area. Dating analysis yields ages from 136.0±2.0 Ma to 143.0±2.4 Ma for the quartz monzodiorite (a weighted average of 139.4±1.2 Ma) and ages from 136.7±2.0 Ma to 145.3±2.4 Ma for granodiorite (a weighted average of 141.0±1.1 Ma).     

Experimental and petrological constraints on local-scale interaction of biotite-amphibole gneiss with H2O-CO2-（K, Na）Cl fluids at middle-crustal conditions： Example from the Limpopo Complex, South Africa

Reaction textures and fluid inclusions in the～2.0 Ga pyroxene-bearing dehydration zones within the Sand River biotite-hornblende orthogneisses（Central Zone of the Limpopo Complex） suggest that the formation of these zones is a result of close interplay between dehydration process along ductile shear zones triggered by H₂O-CO₂-salt fluids at 750—800℃and 5.5—6.2 kbar.partial melting,and later exsolution of residual brine and H₂O-CO₂ fluids during melt crystallization at 650—700℃.These processes caused local variations of water and alkali activity in the fluids,resulting in various mineral assemblages within the dehydration zone.The petrological observations are substantiated by experiments on the interaction of the Sand River gneiss with the H₂O-CO-2-（K,Na）Cl fluids at 750 and 800℃and 5.5 kbar.It follows that the interaction of biotite-amphibole gneiss with H₂O-CO₂-（K.Na）Cl fluids is accompanied by partial melting at 750—800℃.Orthopyroxene-bearing assemblages are characteristic for temperature 800℃and are stable in equilibrium with fluids with low salt concentrations,while salt-rich fluids produce clinopyroxene-bearing assemblages.These observations arc in good agreement with the petrological data on the dehydration zones within the Sand River orthoeneisses.     

陕西凤太晚古生代拉分盆地动力学与金-多金属成矿

采用沉积盆地构造-古地理位置恢复重建和构造-岩相学等新方法研究认为,凤太晚古生代沉积盆地属于受板块斜向俯冲碰撞动力学控制下的拉分盆地。在中泥盆世初期,凤太沉积盆地被周缘垂向基底隆起分隔,其成盆构造动力学主要受四组同生断层,晚古生代沉降中心和沉积中心不断发生迁移。中泥盆世中期在盆地北部形成了北西向沉降中心和沉积中心,晚泥盆世末期沉积盆地萎缩,沉降中心和沉积中心收缩于沉积盆地中心。石炭纪沉降中心和沉积中心从盆地中心迁移到盆地四周边缘的同生断裂带附近,在沉积盆地北侧边缘商丹带南侧,形成了石炭纪-早三叠世与俯冲消减带有关的楔状沉积充填体。在凤太拉分盆地中形成的近东西向、北北东向、近南北向和北西向网状同生断裂带系统共同控制了凤太泥盆纪拉分盆地形成与演化过程。其中,商丹带（西段）、礼县-凤县-凤镇-山阳同生断裂带（中段）和酒奠梁-镇安-板岩镇同生断裂带（西段）三个主控同生断裂带不但在泥盆纪期间对于凤太泥盆纪拉分盆地形成具有显著控制作用,而且石炭纪-早三叠世拉分盆地演化过程也具有十分重要的控制作用,石炭纪-早三叠世同生断裂带发生构造反转并控制了沉降中心和沉积中心。采用沉积盆地动力学和构造-岩相学等新方法研究认为,在凤太晚古生代拉分盆地具有分级特征,西部凤县二级盆地为金-多金属成矿集中区,东部太白二级盆地为金矿成矿集中区。在八方山-银母寺三级拉分盆地中,八方山和银母寺等多金属矿床与八卦庙超大型金矿床具有矿田尺度上成矿分带,主要由于三级盆地、同生断裂、热水沉积岩相和构造热流体叠加岩相控制了矿田和矿床尺度上金与多金属成矿分带。凤太拉分盆地北部和东部金矿矿源层和初步富集成矿形成主要与泥盆纪钠长岩相和钠质热水沉积岩相有关,并受钠长碳酸质角砾岩-铁白云石钠长石角砾岩等石炭纪构造-热流体岩相叠加;凤太拉分盆地南部温江寺三叠系浊积岩系中热水硅质岩相和层状英安质凝灰岩是卡林型金矿重要赋矿层位;凤太拉分盆地中部热水沉积-改造型铅锌矿主要与硅质岩相和菱铁矿铁白云岩相等热水沉积相密切有关。     

保山镇康地块矽卡岩型铅锌矿床成因初探

保山镇康地块是"三江"南段重要的铅锌多金属成矿区之一,地质构造复杂,铅锌成矿地质条件优越,其中核桃坪与芦子园是近年发现的两个大型铅锌矿床,矿床受近NE向断裂、背斜轴部和地层控制明显,上寒武统核桃坪组与沙河床组大理岩化灰岩为主要赋矿地层,近矿围岩矽卡岩化强烈,流体包裹体,Pb、S、H、O同位素和微量元素等地球化学对比研究表明:核桃坪和芦子园铅锌矿床均经历了中温、高温两个矿化阶段;核桃坪铅锌矿床矿石铅同位素较芦子园铅锌矿床有较高的比值和较大的变化范围,均以高μ值为特征,属于放射性成因铅,暗示其成矿物质以壳源铅为主;硫化物硫同位素均多为较低正值并呈塔式分布,具有岩浆硫特征,两者均无生物硫酸盐热化学还原作用的参与,其中硫同位素分馏已达平衡;与硫化物共生的石英δDH2O(-109‰~-91‰)和δ18OH2O(-4.3‰~2.3‰)同位素研究表明核桃坪矿床成矿流体主要来自深部岩浆水,并遭受后期大气降水或地层水的混合;核桃坪矿床与芦子园矿床的微量元素具有岩浆热液型矿床特征,不同于VMS型、MVT型铅锌矿床。因此,笔者认为两个矿床应属于与深部隐伏岩体有关的中-高温矽卡岩型铅锌矿床,矿区深部隐伏岩体的侵入产生岩浆热液并携带Pb、Zn等成矿物质与地层水或大气降水混合,在背斜轴部与NE向断裂的交汇处形成该类型矿床。     

阿尔金山两侧盐湖物质来源、成钾作用及其控制因素研究

塔里木盆地东部的罗布泊盐湖和柴达木盆地西部的盐湖分别位于阿尔金山两侧,均产出有大量富钾卤水,在油气藏开采中还伴随产出富钾油田水.为探讨阿尔金山两侧盐类资源富集机制及其控制因素,综合分析了罗布泊盐湖、柴达木盆地西部盐湖以及油田水的水化学和氢氧同位素地球化学特征,发现:富钾卤水的形成除依靠地表汇入水体的蒸发浓缩作用外,罗布...     

Preliminary assessment of the geothermal potential of Rosario de la Frontera area (Salta,NW Argentina): Insight from hydro-geological,hydro-geochemical and structural investigations

This work is part of a project aimed to the development and application of hydrogeological, hydrogeochemical and geological methodologies for the study of the geothermal system of Rosario de La Frontera (NW Argentina).The surface thermal manifestations of this area, whose temperatures range from 22.6 to 92.6 °C, are mainly located in the northern sector of Sierra de la Candelaria anticline. This regional structure crops out between the provinces of Salta and Tucuman (NW Argentina), at the foothills of the central Andean retro-wedge.The present investigation focuses on hydrogeological and structural data, and isotopic compositions (¹⁸O, D and ³H) of thermal springs.Preliminary results allowed to define: i) the meteoric origin of spring water and their long (more than 50 years) residence time at depth, ii) a positive water balance, ranging between 2 and 4 millions of m³/yr, and iii) a conservative geothermal reservoir volume of about 39 km³, iv) a geothermal potential with Er = 5.6*10¹⁸ J and Ef = 0.8*10¹⁸ J.     

金矿床复式矿化类型与动力学

根据研究提出矿化迭代及其与矿化叠加的区别。金矿化分为基本矿化类型和复式矿化类型两大类,后者分为3类9亚类。最后论述了矿化类型的构造动力学和流体动力学。     

滇西镇康水头山Pb-Zn矿床成矿流体及矿质来源探讨——H、O、S、Pb同位素地球化学证据

滇西镇康水头山Pb-Zn矿床是保山地块镇康Pb-Zn-Fe-Cu多金属矿集区内又一重要找矿成果。矿体呈似层状、透镜状产于上寒武统保山组大理岩化灰岩中,呈NEE向顺层产出,矿石矿物主要为闪锌矿和方铅矿,偶见黄铜矿和黄铁矿等;脉石矿物主要有白云石、绿泥石、方解石、石英和绢云母等。本文基于对矿床地质特征的详细研究,结合矿床H、O、S、Pb同位素组成,对其成矿流体和矿质来源进行了探讨,同时与毗邻的芦子园超大型Pb-Zn-Fe-Cu多金属矿床进行了对比。研究表明:该矿床石英的δD值介于-101.1‰~-93.3‰之间,均值为-96.85‰(n=4),δ~(18)O_(H_2O)值为3.37‰~3.77‰之间,均值为3.57‰(n=4),表明成矿流体早期以原生岩浆水为主,有大气降水的混入。矿床金属硫化物的δ~(34)S值均为正值,介于4.1‰~12.2‰,均值为8.23‰(n=10),与旁侧的芦子园矿床δ~(34)S值(8.9‰~12‰)较为接近。该矿床可划分出三个成矿阶段,阶段Ⅱ为以闪锌矿和方铅矿为主的主要成矿阶段(δ~(34)S主要集中在4.1‰~6.2‰之间),其δ~(34)S均值可近似代表成矿热液中的δ~(34)S∑S值,即δ~(34)S∑S≈δ~(34)S均值=6.56‰(n=7),闪锌矿和方铅矿δ~(34)S值有部分重叠,但总体上具有δ~(34)S闪锌矿δ~(34)S方铅矿以及不同颜色闪锌矿之间δ~(34)S深棕色闪锌矿δ~(34)S棕褐色闪锌矿δ~(34)S浅棕色闪锌矿的分布特征,暗示硫同位素在硫化物间的分馏达到平衡,表明S同位素组成较为稳定,显示水头山矿床具有深部壳源岩浆成因的特征。矿床金属硫化物的Pb同位素分析显示,Pb同位素组成非常集中(~(206)Pb/~(204)Pb=18.3408~18.4483,均值为18.3815,~(207)Pb/~(204)Pb=15.8337~15.9440,均值为15.8745,~(208)Pb/~(204)Pb=38.8224~39.4391,均值为38.9941,n=10),投点主要分布在上地壳演化线上方,表明其Pb主要来自于以岩浆作用为主的上地壳物质。本文认为矿区深部壳源岩浆热液是水头山矿床最重要的成矿流体与矿质来源,流体的混合作用是矿床金属元素沉淀和富集的重要机制,矿床具有低温、后生成矿特征,推测矿床的形成与燕山晚期的岩浆热液作用有关。     

胶东三甲金矿床流体包裹体特征

三甲金矿是胶东牟平-乳山金成矿带内重要的石英脉型金矿,金主要产于黄铁矿和多金属硫化物石英脉中。流体包裹体研究表明,三甲金矿蚀变岩石和各成矿阶段金矿石中的流体包裹体主要有三种类型：H2O-CO2包裹体、富CO2包裹体和H2O溶液包裹体。早期乳白色石英中主要赋存原生的H2O-CO2包裹体;成矿期黄铁矿石英脉和多金属硫化物石英脉中的富CO2包裹体主要为原生,随机分布,气液比变化较大,常与早期H2O溶液包裹体共生且均一温度接近,显示不混溶流体包裹体组合特征;在成矿晚期的石英和方解石中主要发育原生H2O溶液包裹体。显微测温结果显示,成矿前（第1阶段）H2O-CO2包裹体的完全均一温度（Tb．TOT,至液相）为280℃至416℃,成矿期（第Ⅱ和Ⅲ阶段）富CO2包裹体的完全均一温度为210—330℃,同期的H2O溶液包裹体均一温度为253～377℃,成矿后（第Ⅳ阶段）H2O溶液包裹体的均一温度为176—207℃。成矿流体为低盐度的CO2-H2O-NaCl型热液,成矿应力场转变导致的流体减压沸腾作用可能是三甲金矿金沉淀成矿的主要原因。     

滇东北火德红铅锌矿床地球化学特征与成矿机制分析

文章通过研究滇东北火德红铅锌矿床岩石地球化学和S、Pb同位素地球化学特征,分析其成矿金属和成矿流体来源,进而对其成矿机制进行探讨。围岩主量与微量元素分析结果表明,火德红铅锌矿床为后生热液矿床,铅锌等成矿金属物质随热液进入赋矿围岩,结合围岩蚀变特征判断,其应属中_低温热液成因;闪锌矿与黄铁矿的δ34S主要分布在-17‰~-11.4‰,其S源极可能来自生物成因硫酸盐还原,与川滇黔地区铅锌矿的S同位素来源(总体来自海水硫酸盐热化学还原)有着明显的不同;矿石硫化物的Pb同位素比值变化范围较窄,均为正常Pb;Pb同位素主要来自于上地壳,有少量岩浆物质混入。上述特征表明火德红铅锌矿床为构造和岩性共同控制的后生热液型矿床,其成矿机制与典型MVT型铅锌矿相似。