Shipping casualties and loss of life in UK merchant shipping, UK second register and foreign flags used by UK shipping companies

UK shipping companies increasingly flagged out their ships from the 1970s to the late 1990s. This study used Lloyd's casualty records from 1970 to 2005 to investigate and compare shipping casualties and crew fatalities in UK shipping, UK second registers (Bermuda, Cayman Islands, Gibraltar, Hong Kong and the Isle of Man) and six foreign flags (Bahamas, Belize, Cyprus, Malta, St. Vincent and Vanuatu) used frequently by UK shipping companies. The study also assessed how 12 shipping factors may affect ships foundering and crew fatalities. Shipping casualty and crew fatality rates fell over time in UK shipping, in UK second registers and in older flags of conveniences, rather than in newer flags of convenience such as Belize and St. Vincent. Cargo, trade and weather most strongly affected ships foundering and crew fatalities. The findings indicate that shipping casualties and crew fatalities should be monitored in new and rapidly expanding flags of convenience.     

北京城市街区尺度对居民交通评价的影响

居民交通出行质量是影响城市宜居性和可持续发展的重大问题,国内越来越多的地理和规划学者开始关注城市建成环境对交通出行方式的影响,尤其是街区尺度成为相关政策的重点,但细化讨论建成环境对居民交通感知的研究尚不多见。本文以北京为例,结合街区尺度等建成环境客观数据与居民交通评价调查主观数据,采用有序多分类逻辑模型探讨街区尺度特征对居民主观交通便捷性评价和交通安全性评价的影响。研究表明：小街区的模式下交叉路口多,易于设置公交站点,有利于提高居民交通便捷性评价,并且避免了大马路带来的交通隐患,对居民的交通安全性评价也有提升作用;容积率、区位、公交站点等对交通评价具有促进作用。最后分析表明,交通评价还与居民自身属性有关,交通建设需充分考虑不同居民的需求及其分布特征。本文的结论可为推行街区制提供理论支持。     

应用彩色红外航空像片进行城市居民生活条件调查和分析

本文介绍了应用彩红外航片对城市居民生活条件进行调查和分析,其基本方法是:首先通过直接和间接判读标志,对居民物质生活条件和精神生活条件进行解译,然后从方便度和舒适度两项评价指标入手,选取八项评价因子,进行定量的综合评价和空间分析,最后提出改善实验区居民生活条件的建议。